Average Marginal Tax Rates U.S. Household Interest and Dividend Income 1954-80

This paper carefully outlines a method for the calculation of average marginal tax rates. The method is applied to Statistics of Income data for dividend and interest income earned by U.S. households from 1954 to 1980. To illustrate the effects these data can have inempirical work, the tax rates are used in comparing the sample moments of before and after-tax real yields on financial assets.

Social Capital and Government in the Production of Public Goods

As a response to the rapidly growing empirical literature on social capital and the evidence of its correlation with government performance, we build a theoretical framework to study the interactions between social capital and government's action. This paper presents a model of homogeneous agents in an overlapping generations framework incorporating social capital as the values transmitted from parent to child. The government's role is to provide public goods. First, government expenditure is exogenously given. Then, it will be chosen at the preferred level of the representative agent. For both setups the equilibrium outcomes are characterized and the resulting dynamics studied. Briefly we include an analysis of the effect of productivity growth on the evolution of social capital. The results obtained caution caution against both the crowding out effect of the welfare state and the impact of sustained economic growth on social capital.Social Capital, Productivity Growth, Government, Public Goods

Catalysts for polyimide foams from aromatic isocyanates and aromatic dianhydrides

Polyimide foam products having greatly improved burn-through and flame-spread resistance are prepared by the reaction of aromatic polyisocyanates with aromatic dianhydrides in the presence of metallic salts of octoic acid. The salts, for example stannous octoate, ferric octoate and aluminum octoate, favor the formation of imide linkages at the expense of other possible reactions

Adjustable high emittance gap filler

A flexible, adjustable refractory filler is disclosed for filling gaps between ceramic tiles forming the heat shield of a space shuttle vehicle, to protect its aluminum skin during atmospheric reentry. The easily installed and replaced filler consists essentially of a strip of ceramic cloth coated, at least along both its longitudinal edges with a room temperature vulcanizable silicone rubber compound with a high emittance colored pigment. The filler may have one or more layers as the gap width requires. Preferred materials are basket weave aluminoborosilicate cloth, and a rubber compounded with silicon tetraboride as the emittance agent and finely divided borosilicate glass containing about 7.5% B2O3 as high temperature binder. The filler cloth strip or tape is cut to proper width and length, inserted into the gap, and fastened with previously applied drops of silicone rubber adhesive

Metabolismo de la urea en líquenes.

Sin resume

Unbinding forces and energies between a siRNA molecule and a dendrimer measured by force spectroscopy

We have measured the intermolecular forces between small interference RNA (siRNA) and polyamidoamine dendrimers at the single molecular level. A single molecule force spectroscopy approach has been developed to measure the unbinding forces and energies between a siRNA molecule and polyamidoamine dendrimers deposited on a mica surface in a buffer solution. We report three types of unbinding events which are characterized by forces and free unbinding energies, respectively, of 28 pN, 0.709 eV; 38 pN, 0.722 eV; and 50 pN, 0.724 eV. These events reflect different possible electrostatic interactions between the positive charges of one or two dendrimers and the negatively charged phosphate groups of a single siRNA. We have evidence of a high binding affinity of siRNA towards polyamidoamine dendrimers that leads to a 45% probability of measuring specific unbinding eventsThis work was funded by the European Research Council ERC-AdG-340177 (3DNanoMech) grant to RG and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy (MINECO) through grants CSD2010-00024, MAT2013-44858-R to RG and BFU2011-30161- C02-01 and BFU2014-59009-P to VC.Peer reviewe

La acción extraordinaria de protección

La presente tesis tiene como propósito contribuir al conocimiento de la nueva garantía de derechos, puesta a disposición de los habitantes del Ecuador por la Constitución de la República, como mecanismo de jurisdicción constitucional para la protección de sus derechos, cuando resulten vulnerados por acción u omisión de los jueces en las decisiones que les corresponde adoptar, en las causas puestas a su conocimiento. Hacia este objetivo, el trabajo contiene una primera ubicación del tema que esclarece el fundamento jurídico de este nuevo mecanismo de protección en el marco de la orientación garantista de la Constitución, apoyado con un análisis de derecho comparado. Desarrolla la tesis un estudio detallado de esta garantía de derechos, ofreciendo una visión general de aspectos como la naturaleza jurídica de la acción, sus objetivos, funciones, requisitos de procedibilidad, actos impugnables, derechos protegidos, el procedimiento, la sentencia y sus efectos, bajo cuyos contenidos se realiza el análisis de casos puestos a conocimiento de la Corte Constitucional en aplicación de la nueva normativa constitucional y legal. Finalmente, la tesis contiene unas conclusiones que indican el estado actual de esta acción extraordinaria de protección de derechos

How do Fermi liquids get heavy and die?

We discuss non-Fermi liquid and quantum critical behavior in heavy fermion materials, focussing on the mechanism by which the electron mass appears to diverge at the quantum critical point. We ask whether the basic mechanism for the transformation involves electron diffraction off a quantum critical spin density wave, or whether a break-down in the composite nature of the heavy electron takes place at the quantum critical point. We show that the Hall constant changes continously in the first scenario, but may ``jump'' discontinuously at a quantum critical point where the composite character of the electron quasiparticles changes.Comment: Revised version with many new references added. To appear as a topical review in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter Physics. Two column version http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~coleman/online/questions.ps.g