Goat coalho cheese with alcoholic beverages: a first report about technological aspects and their implications on physicochemical properties and starter culture / Queijo de coalho caprino com bebidas alcoólicas: um primeiro relato sobre aspectos tecnológicos e suas implicações nas propriedades físico-químicas e na cultura starter

The aim of this research was to determine the viability of the production of goat Coalho cheese seasoned with alcoholic beverages. Five treatments of goat Coalho cheese were prepared: without alcohol (control); with aged cachaça (T1); with cocoa honey liqueur (T2); with mead (T3); and with pure malt beer (T4). Samples were evaluated for chemical composition, pH, color, texture and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count during maturation (days 0 and 5) and storage (days 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60). Seasoned cheeses showed physicochemical characteristics according to the identity and quality of Coalho cheese, showing that alcoholic seasoning does not change the characterization of the final product. However, due to the shorter pressing time when compared to the literature and the timing of the seasoning, cheeses with alcoholic beverages negatively influenced the physicochemical (fat and moisture) and instrumental (pH, color and texture) characteristics. In addition, seasoned cheeses only showed LAB counts from the fifth day of maturation, demonstrating an initial inhibition of starter culture. Still, alcoholic seasoning has proven to be a viable technology. However, new pressing and seasoning times should be studied.The aim of this research was to determine the viability of the production of goat Coalho cheese seasoned with alcoholic beverages. Five treatments of goat Coalho cheese were prepared: without alcohol (control); with aged cachaça (T1); with cocoa honey liqueur (T2); with mead (T3); and with pure malt beer (T4). Samples were evaluated for chemical composition, pH, color, texture and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count during maturation (days 0 and 5) and storage (days 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60). Seasoned cheeses showed physicochemical characteristics according to the identity and quality of Coalho cheese, showing that alcoholic seasoning does not change the characterization of the final product. However, due to the shorter pressing time when compared to the literature and the timing of the seasoning, cheeses with alcoholic beverages negatively influenced the physicochemical (fat and moisture) and instrumental (pH, color and texture) characteristics. In addition, seasoned cheeses only showed LAB counts from the fifth day of maturation, demonstrating an initial inhibition of starter culture. Still, alcoholic seasoning has proven to be a viable technology. However, new pressing and seasoning times should be studied

Post-surgical Evaluation of the Analgesic Impact of Epidural Tramadol, when Associated with Levobupivacaine, in Bitches Undergoing Mastectomy and Ovariohysterectomy

Background:Mammary tumors are the most common neoplasms in female dogs. Surgical removal of the mammary gland chain is considered the standard treatment and is usually performed along with ovariohysterectomy (OH) to suppress ovarian hormonal influence. Mastectomies cause moderate to severe pain and require preferential multimodal analgesic protocols. The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy and the recovery times on female dogs undergoing mastectomies and OH between those treated with epidural levobupivacaine alone and those treated with associated doses of tramadol and anesthetized with propofol.Materials, Methods & Results:Eighteen female dogs were pretreated with acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg), using propofol (4 mg/kg)for induction andanesthesia maintenance. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6) treated with epidural anesthesia with levobupivacaine alone at 1.5 mg/kg (GL) or associated with tramadol at doses of 2 mg/kg (GLT2) or 4 mg/kg (GLT4). After anesthesia,the mean propofol infusion rate for each groupwere calculed. During the postoperative period,the degree of analgesia according to the University of Melbourne Pain Scale for 6 hours were determined, considering seven time points for evaluation (M30, M60, M90, M120, M180, M240, and M360). Supplemental analgesia with morphine (0.5 mg/kg) to those dogs with scores ≥13 were provided. During the recovery period,the time intervals between the end of anesthesia, and the following events: extubation (EX), the first head movement (MC), and the establishment of sternal (PE) and quadrupedal (PQ) positions were measured. The data were subjected to the Friedman test for analysis of non-parametric variables within the same group and to the Mann–Whitney test for independent variables, comparing the mean scores between groups (statistical significance was set at P<0.05). In the GL group, a higher mean propofol infusion rate than in either the GLT2 or GLT4 groups were found. The EX, PE, and PQ times were similar between the groups with a lower MC interval (P=0.041) for dogs in the GLT2 group. The pain assessment revealed higher scores for dogs in the GL group than for those in the GLT4 group (M30 to M120 and M360). Over time, the initial scores increased after M90 (GL group) and afterM120 (in all groups) andadditional analgesia were required only in GL dogs.Discussion:Mammary tumors were more frequent in middle-aged and elderly female dogs, corroborating current literary data. Regarding anesthesia recovery, no differences in the time for extubation and sternal and quadrupedal positions were found, probably due to similar propofol infusion times and to similar metabolism among the dogs, independent of the higher mean infusion rates used in the group treated only with the local anesthetic. The post-surgical analgesic evaluation revealed lower pain scores in the groups in which tramadol was associated with levobupivacaine, in agreement with studies reporting its analgesic potential to approach surgical pain at doses ranging from 1 to 4 mg/kg. However, even lower scores with the highest dose of the proposed opioid were detected, suggesting improved effectiveness for occupying opioid and monoaminergic pathway receptors. Considering the results, epidural anesthesia with levobupivacaine and tramadol seems to provide adequate post-surgical analgesia for a minimum period of 6 hours, and the best comfort is obtained with a dose of 4 mg/kg of opioid

Physicochemical analysis, consumer profile and sensory analysis of goat Coalho cheeses seasoned with alcoholic beverages / Análise fisico-química, perfil de consumidor e análise sensorial de queijos de coalho de cabra condimentados com bebidas alcoólicas

The present study sought to characterize the physicochemical, bacteriological and sensorial effects that alcoholic beverages exert on goat Coalho cheese. For that, goat Coalho cheeses were seasoned with alcoholic beverages and physicochemical and bacteriological analyses were performed on day 0, as well as sensory analysis. The potential consumers were expected to be slightly familiar with goat dairy products. Among the seasoned cheeses, goat Coalho cheese with beer had the best acceptability and purchase intention, a result that is associated with the typical consumption of such alcoholic beverage by potential consumers. Soft and white characteristics were the most emphasized by taste testers, what is in agreement with the instrumental color and texture. According to the principal component analysis (PCA), acid and alcoholic aromas and taste were the characteristics responsible for acceptability. Therefore, it is concluded that goat cheese with alcoholic beverages can be elaborated and have good acceptability

Elaboração de um protocolo assistencial multiprofissional para pessoas com feridas complexas na atenção primária à saúde / Preparation of a multiprofessional care protocol for people with complex wounds in primary health care

Objetivo: Relatar a elaboração de um protocolo assistencial multiprofissional para atendimento de pessoas com feridas complexas na atenção primária à saúde. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, realizado de março a julho de 2021, no Distrito Sanitário do Subúrbio Ferroviário, Salvador/BA. Resultados: A elaboração de um protocolo assistencial de enfermagem, médico, psicossocial, nutricional, fisioterapêutico, de terapia ocupacional e de educação física, favorece o cuidado prestado de forma holística, humanizada e integral, minimizando complicações. Considerações finais: Urge que o cuidado de pessoas com feridas complexas seja multiprofissional, de forma a evitar o prolongamento do tratamento, extensão da gravidade dos ferimentos, minimizar custos ao Sistema Único de Saúde, proporcionar bem estar do indivíduo, melhor qualidade de vida e o seu possível retorno às atividades sociais com brevidade. 

Consensus for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of feline mammary tumors

Mammary neoplasms are described as the third most common type of feline tumor, after haematopoietic and skin tumors, and present a challenge for clinicians because the prognosis for feline mammary tumors ranges from guarded to poor. Thus, it is necessary to define new therapeutic approaches and establish more in-depth knowledge about this disease in felines. The main aspects of the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of feline mammary neoplasia were discussed, aiming to standardize the criteria and to serve as a guide for pathologists and veterinary clinicians.As neoplasias mamárias são descritas como o terceiro tipo mais frequente de tumor em felinos (após as neoplasias hematopoiéticas e cutâneas) e apresentam um desafio para os clínicos devido ao prognóstico, que varia de reservado a ruim. Assim, é necessário conhecer melhor essa doença em felinos e definir novas abordagens terapêuticas. Discutiu-se os principais aspectos de diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento da neoplasia mamária felina, com o objetivo de padronizar os critérios e servir de guia para patologistas e clínicos veterinários

Reciclagem biológica do fósforo a partir do efluente suíno originário da biodigestão anaeróbia: uma revisão

The swine effluent (SE) has a high pollution potential, because even after the process of anaerobic digestion, still contains variable concentrations of nutrients, especially of phosphorus (P). This study aimed to investigate through a literature review the biological recycling of P as an alternative for the treatment of SE originating in anaerobic digestion. It was observed that the process known as enhanced biological phosphate removal is the method most used in the removal of P present in effluent. It consists in cycling biomass through aerobic and anaerobic environments and involves the incorporation of P into the cell of bacteria and subsequently the mass removal enriched with P in the slime. Although there are many aspects to be informed about these technologies, it is emphasized that the recycling and recovery of P present in the SE represent important advances in promoting sustainability in the use of this resource that is directly linked to global food securityO efluente suíno (ES) apresenta elevado potencial poluidor, pois, mesmo após o processo de biodigestão anaeróbia, contém ainda concentrações variáveis de nutrientes, especialmente de fósforo (P). Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar por meio de uma revisão de literatura a reciclagem biológica do P como alternativa para o tratamento de ES originário da biodigestão anaeróbia. Observou-se que o processo denominado de remoção biológica reforçada de fosfatos consiste no método mais utilizado na remoção do P presente em efluentes. Ele consiste na ciclagem da biomassa através de ambientes aeróbios e anaeróbios e envolve a incorporação do P no interior da célula das bactérias e, a subsequentemente remoção da massa enriquecida com P no lodo. Apesar de existirem muitos aspectos a serem esclarecidos a respeito destas tecnologias, destaca-se que a reciclagem e a recuperação do P presente no ES representam importantes avanços na promoção da sustentabilidade no uso deste recurso que está ligado diretamente à segurança alimentar globa

Anatomical, histological and computed tomography comparisons of the eye and adnexa of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) to domestic dogs.

An understanding of species' morphological and physiological parameters is crucial to developing conservation strategies for wild animals kept in human care. Detailed information is lacking for crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) eyes and adnexa. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe anatomical, histological and computed tomography (CT) features of the eye and adnexa in crab-eating fox, compared to domestic dogs. CT of the eye and adnexa of one live animal and a frozen specimen was performed for anatomical identification. In addition, the heads of five animals of each species were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for gross anatomical description of the eye and adnexa using topographic dissection and exenteration techniques. All steps were photographed and features such as location, shape, and distances and relationships between structures were described. For histological evaluation, two eyes of each species were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed by routine paraffin inclusion technique and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The CT scan was difficult to evaluate, mainly that of the frozen head, which did not provide good definition of the soft tissues; nevertheless, it demonstrated the potential for structure visualization and description. The gross anatomical and histological evaluations showed the presence of eyelashes on the upper eyelid and of upper and lower lacrimal points, an incomplete orbit with supraorbital ligament, slightly exposed sclera with discretely pigmented limbus and pigmentation throughout the conjunctiva, and a slit-shaped pupil. Hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated structural similarities between the crab-eating fox and domestic dog. Thus, the possibility of using the domestic dog as a study model for the preventive and therapeutic management of wild dogs kept in human care is demonstrated