Saponinas, péptidos y compuestos fenólicos, antihipertensivos naturales. Estudios in vitro e in vivo

Currently, cardiovascular diseases, mainly hypertension, occupy the first place in the causes of death in Mexico and the world. Although the disease can be controlled with drugs, they must be taken for life and side effects often occur. Therefore, natural medicine, functional foods and nutraceuticals represent an excellent option to prevent and control the disease, since many bioactive compounds present in them act as antihypertensive agents. The objective of this research is to show existing information on bioactive compounds from natural sources that have shown antihypertensive action both in in vitro and in vivo tests, to elucidate research areas that allow further study of this topic. An exhaustive search was carried out in databases such as Redalyc, EBSCO, Scielo, PubMed, Medigraphic, Elsevier, Dialnet and Latindex, on statistics of suffering from arterial hypertension, as well as pathophysiology of the disease and experimental evidence on the antihypertensive effect of compounds. bioactives of natural origin. Mostly, research papers that demonstrate the efficiency of bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds and saponins are reported, it is evident that these act through the inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).En la actualidad, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, principalmente hipertensión, ocupan el primer lugar en las causas de muerte en México y el mundo. A pesar de que la enfermedad puede ser controlada con farmacos, estos deben ser tomados de por vida y muchas veces se presentan efectos secundarios. Por lo que la medicina natural, alimentos funcionales y nutracéuticos representan una excelente opción para prevenir y controlar de la enfermedad, ya que muchos compuestos bioactivos presentes en estos actúan como agentes antihipertensivos. El objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar información existente sobre compuestos bioactivos de fuentes naturales que han mostrado acción antihipertensiva tanto en pruebas in vitro como in vivo, para dilucidar áreas de investigación que permitan profundizar más en este tema. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos como Redalyc, EBSCO, Scielo, PubMed, Medigraphic, Elsevier, Dialnet y Latindex, sobre estadísticas de padecimiento de la hipertensión arterial, así como fisiopatología de la enfermedad y pruebas experimentales sobre el efecto antihipertensivo de compuestos bioactivos de origen natural. Se reportan, mayormente, trabajos de investigación que demuestran la eficiencia de péptidos bioactivos, compuestos fenólicos y saponinas, se evidencia que estos actúan a través de la inhibición de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA)

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following: Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed

Milk Whey Hydrolysates as High Value-Added Natural Polymers: Functional Properties and Applications

There are two types of milk whey obtained from cheese manufacture: sweet and acid. It retains around 55% of the nutrients of the milk. Milk whey is considered as a waste, creating a critical pollution problem, because 9 L of whey are produced from every 10 L of milk. Some treatments such as hydrolysis by chemical, fermentation process, enzymatic action, and green technologies (ultrasound and thermal treatment) are successful in obtaining peptides from protein whey. Milk whey peptides possess excellent functional properties such as antihypertensive, antiviral, anticancer, immunity, and antioxidant, with benefits in the cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, immune, and nervous system. This review presents an update of the applications of milk whey hydrolysates as a high value-added peptide based on their functional properties

Materiales para la observación y el análisis del sexismo en el ámbito escolar

Resumen basado en la publicaciónResultado del Proyecto de Innovación subvencionado por la Viceconsejería de Educación de Asturias 'Análisis del sexismo en el ámbito escolar' del curso 2001-2002, esta publicación es un instrumento para la observación y estudio del sexismo en el ámbito escolar focalizando el estudio en la familia, el lenguaje y la interacción, la orientación escolar y profesional, los materiales didácticos, los medios de comunicación y la publicidad. En cada apartado anterior se ofrecen encuestas y pautas de observación. Incluye una guía de recursos bibliográficos comentados, así como un breve glosario de términos sobre la problemática de género.AsturiasConsejería de Educación y Ciencia. Dirección General de Políticas Educativas y Ordenación Académica e Innovación, Servicio de Formación del Profesorado, Innovación y Tecnologías Educativas; Plaza de España, 5; 33007 Oviedo, Asturias; +34985108635; +3498588108615; [email protected]

La pizarra digital : motor de renovación pedagógica

Se desarrolla un proyecto de innovación educativa que pretende impulsar la innovación pedagógica y la motivación en el aula mediante el uso adecuado de las Nuevas Tecnologías, lo que supone una renovación de la metodología docente y de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Se trata de familiarizar al profesorado con el uso de la Nuevas Tecnologías y de Internet como herramientas educativas útiles en la atención a la diversidad en el alumnado. Se conocen e intercambian experiencias con otros centros y profesorado que utilicen las nuevas Tecnologías en la práctica docente. El proyecto consigue que el alumnado elabore materiales obtenidos de Internet o de otros medios, resuelvan problemas, y realicen la presentación de los mismos a sus compañeros. El proyecto se desarrolla en tres fases: la primera se centra en la formación inicial en la que se realiza una formación técnica del funcionamiento de los nuevos elementos de la pizarra digital y una formación didáctica para que el profesorado realice propuestas didácticas de su materia y se lleve a la práctica; en la segunda fase se desarrolla el proyecto en el aula con el alumnado, cada profesor o profesora realiza las actividades programadas utilizando la pizarra digital y se realiza una encuesta para valorar los resultados de dichas actividades; en la tercera etapa se realiza la recogida de materiales elaborados, se evalúan y se realiza una memoria final en la que se aportan los resultados obtenidos tras la aplicación del proyecto de innovación. La experiencia ha favorecido el aprendizaje del alumnado y ha potenciado el uso por parte de los docentes de metodologías innovadoras que favorezcan los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje.Castilla y LeónConsejería de Educación. Dirección General de Universidades e Investigación; Monasterio de Nuestra Señora de Prado, Autovía Puente Colgante s. n.; 47071 Valladolid; +34983411881; +34983411939ES

Habitabilidad y política de vivienda

En esta obra, en la que participan destacados investigadores y profesores, dedicados al estudio de la problemática habitacional se presentan diferentes análisis que permiten conocer cuales son las condiciones de habitabilidad y las características de la actual política de vivienda de México. En sus capítulos se abordan los principales desafíos que enfrentan las familias mexicanas para acceder a una vivienda digna y decorosa y cuales son los retos económicos, políticos, territoriales, arquitectónicos, ambientales, financieros y culturales de las formas de producción habitacional en México y en otros países, en el marco de una sociedad global

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women