Підтримка населення під час російсько-української війни: інсайдерська перспектива

In a view of Population Mental Health (and even Global Mental Health) the Russian-Ukrainian war could be considered in various aspects. This war is not limited only by political and combatant circumstances. We are currently faced with new significant social and psychological phenomena.З точки зору психічного здоров'я населення (і навіть глобального психічного здоров'я), російсько-українську війну можна розглядати в різних аспектах. Ця війна не обмежується лише політичними та бойовими обставинами. На даний момент ми стикаємося з новими значними соціально-психологічними явищами

The relationship of P300 features to neuropsychological performance in male adolescents at risk for substance dependence

Decrements in P300 response to cognitive stimuli have long been established in adult psychiatric populations, including individuals with Alzheimer\u27s disease, schizophrenia, and substance dependence disorders, and in offspring with family history of substance dependence and adolescents with conduct disorder. Cognitive deficits associated with decrements in P300 include poorer attention, memory, and executive skills as compared to individuals with no such abnormalities. Subsequently, the P300 has been named a biological marker and is an index of the orienting response in the human brain. However, consensus has not been reached regarding the cognitive deficits associated with familial and behavioral factors. Furthermore, there is no report on the examination of anomalies in P300 as a predisposing factor to cognitive deficits in these populations. ^ The primary goal of this project was to evaluate the relationship between low and high P300 amplitude and latency values and cognitive functioning in male adolescents. It was hypothesized that individuals with lower amplitudes and longer latencies would perform worse on the oddball paradigm test and neuropsychological measures than individuals with higher amplitudes and shorter latencies. It was also hypothesized that conduct-disordered behavior is related to deficits in verbal, reasoning, and inhibition abilities, regardless of the P300 values. ^ One hundred and forty eight male adolescents were recruited from the community. They were grouped by family history of substance dependence, self-reported conduct disordered behavior, and amplitude and latency values. Higher anterior amplitude was related to better performance and longer posterior latency predicted longer response time on a measure of inhibition (Stroop Test), and lower posterior amplitude was related to shorter evaluation time when making an incorrect response (oddball task). Finally, presence of CD symptoms predicted performance on tasks of verbal reasoning, word knowledge, logical reasoning and planning, and visuospatial and construction skills. ^ It was concluded that conduct disorder symptoms play a larger role in cognitive abilities than familial history of substance dependence or P300 amplitude and latency values. However, use of a clinical population and inclusion of a female sample would provide a better understanding of the effects of electrophysiological abnormalities on cognitive functioning.

Preliminary Study of White Matter Abnormalities and Associations With the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 to Distinguish Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorders

Background Understanding distinct neurobiological mechanisms underlying bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is crucial for accurate diagnosis and the discovery of novel and more effective targeted treatments. Previous diffusion-weighted MRI studies have suggested some common frontotemporal corticolimbic system white matter (WM) abnormalities across the disorders. However, critical to the development of more precise diagnosis and treatment is identifying distinguishing abnormalities. Promising candidates include more prominent frontotemporal WM abnormalities observed in BD in the uncinate fasciculus (UF) that have been associated with frontal-amygdala functional dysconnectivity, and with suicide that is especially high in BD. Prior work also showed differentiation in metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) abnormalities in BD versus MDD, which could be a mechanism affected in the frontotemporal system. However, associations between WM and mGlu5 have not been examined previously as a differentiator of BD. Using a multimodal neuroimaging approach, we examined WM integrity alterations in the disorders and their associations with mGluR5 levels. Methods Individuals with BD ( N  = 21), MDD ( N  = 10), and HC ( N  = 25) participated in structural and diffusion-weighted MRI scanning, and imaging with [ 18 F]FPEB PET for quantification of mGlu5 availability. Whole-brain analyses were used to assess corticolimbic WM matter fractional anisotropy (FA) across BD and MDD relative to HC; abnormalities were tested for associations with mGlu5 availability. Results FA corticolimbic reductions were observed in both disorders and altered UF WM integrity was observed only in BD. In BD, lower UF FA was associated with lower amygdala mGlu5 availability ( p  < .05). Conclusions These novel preliminary findings suggest important associations between lower UF FA and lower amygdala mGlu5 levels that could represent a disorder-specific neural mechanism in which mGluR5 is associated with the frontotemporal dysconnectivity of the disorder

Cerebellar and Prefrontal Cortical Alterations in PTSD: Structural and Functional Evidence

Background Neuroimaging studies have revealed that disturbances in network organization of key brain regions may underlie cognitive and emotional dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Examining both brain structure and function in the same population may further our understanding of network alterations in PTSD. Methods We used tensor-based morphometry and intrinsic connectivity distribution to identify regions of altered volume and functional connectivity in unmedicated individuals with PTSD ( n  = 21) and healthy comparison participants ( n  = 18). These regions were then used as seeds for follow-up anatomical covariance and functional connectivity analyses. Results Smaller volume in the cerebellum and weaker structural covariance between the cerebellum seed and the middle temporal gyrus were observed in the PTSD group. Individuals with PTSD also exhibited lower whole-brain connectivity in the cerebellum, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and medial prefrontal cortex. Functional connectivity in the cerebellum and grey matter volume in the dlPFC were negatively correlated with PTSD severity as measured by the DSM-5 PTSD Checklist (PCL-5; r  = −.0.77, r  = − 0.79). Finally, seed connectivity revealed weaker connectivity within nodes of the central executive network (right and left dlPFC), and between nodes of the default mode network (medial prefrontal cortex and cerebellum) and the supramarginal gyrus, in the PTSD group. Conclusion We demonstrate structural and functional alterations in PTSD converging on the PFC and cerebellum. Whilst PFC alterations are relatively well established in PTSD, the cerebellum has not generally been considered a key region in PTSD. Our findings add to a growing evidence base implicating cerebellar involvement in the pathophysiology of PTSD