7 research outputs found

    CaractĂ©risation PhĂ©notypique et Fonctionnelle des trois Sous Populations de Monocytes dans le Cadre de l’ObĂ©sitĂ© chez l’Homme

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    Systemic inflammation is pivotal in establishing and sustaining the obesity low-grade inflammatory status. Studying monocytes is important because they can detect metabolic cues in the circulation that are then translated into immunological factors. Monocytes infiltrating inflamed tissues are also macrophage precursors. In obesity, frequency, number, phenotype and functionality of the three monocyte-subsets (CD14++CD16- [CM], CD14++CD16+ [IM] et CD14+CD16++ [NCM]) are specifically altered. We observed a pro-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes in obesity with an increased response to TLR4 and TLR8 stimulation. Our work suggests an increased migratory capacity of CM and IM. Comparison of the transcriptome of the three subsets in obese and control subjects shows an increased imprint of obesity on CM. CM could sustain inflammation by modulating genes involved in cell signaling. They most probably migrate with the IM toward inflamed tissues. Whereas, NCM should stay longer in the circulation where their patrolling function could be increased. The most modulated genes by CM and IM, respectively Clusterin and CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 (CISD1) are bridges between immune response, metabolism and stress response. The analysis of the top modulated genes and of the most probably modulated functions indicates that monocyte metabolism is altered by obesity. We open new paths of research: 1) a possible auto-immune trait of the low grade inflammation and 2) a possible link between altered monocyte metabolism and their functionality.Les monocytes dĂ©tectent des signaux mĂ©taboliques circulants qu’ils traduisent en signaux immunologiques. ils infiltrent les tissus inflamĂ©s et sont Ă©galement les prĂ©curseurs des macrophages. Dans l’obĂ©sitĂ©, la frĂ©quence, le nombre, le phĂ©notype et la fonctionnalitĂ© des sous populations de monocytes (CD14++CD16- [CM], CD14++CD16+ [IM] et CD14+CD16++ [NCM]) sont spĂ©cifiquement modulĂ©s. Le phĂ©notype des monocytes est pro-inflammatoire avec une plus forte rĂ©ponse Ă  la stimulation de TLR4 et de TLR8. Nos travaux suggĂšrent une capacitĂ© migratoire accrue des CM et des IM. La comparaison du transcriptome des sous populations chez des sujets obĂšses et des tĂ©moins, rĂ©vĂšle une signature spĂ©cifique de chaque sous population montrant un plus fort impact de l’obĂ©sitĂ© sur les CM. Ils soutiendraient l’inflammation en modulant des gĂšnes impliquĂ©s dans la signalisation cellulaire. Ils migreraient avec les IM vers les tissus inflamĂ©s. Les NCM resteraient plus longtemps dans la circulation oĂč leur fonction de « patrouilleurs » serait accrue. Les gĂšnes les plus modulĂ©s par les CM et les IM, respectivement Clusterine et CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 sont des ponts entre la rĂ©ponse immunitaire, le mĂ©tabolisme et la rĂ©ponse au stress. L’étude des « tops » gĂšnes dont l’expression est la plus fortement modulĂ©e et des fonctions les plus probablement modulĂ©es rĂ©vĂšle que le mĂ©tabolisme des monocytes serait modifiĂ© dans l’obĂ©sitĂ©. Ce travail ouvre des perspectives concernant : 1) une Ă©ventuelle composante auto-immune de l’inflammation de bas grade et 2) des relations entre des modifications du mĂ©tabolisme des monocytes et leur fonctionnalitĂ©

    CaractĂ©risation PhĂ©notypique et Fonctionnelle des trois Sous Populations de Monocytes dans le Cadre de l’ObĂ©sitĂ© chez l’Homme

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    Systemic inflammation is pivotal in establishing and sustaining the obesity low-grade inflammatory status. Studying monocytes is important because they can detect metabolic cues in the circulation that are then translated into immunological factors. Monocytes infiltrating inflamed tissues are also macrophage precursors. In obesity, frequency, number, phenotype and functionality of the three monocyte-subsets (CD14++CD16- [CM], CD14++CD16+ [IM] et CD14+CD16++ [NCM]) are specifically altered. We observed a pro-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes in obesity with an increased response to TLR4 and TLR8 stimulation. Our work suggests an increased migratory capacity of CM and IM. Comparison of the transcriptome of the three subsets in obese and control subjects shows an increased imprint of obesity on CM. CM could sustain inflammation by modulating genes involved in cell signaling. They most probably migrate with the IM toward inflamed tissues. Whereas, NCM should stay longer in the circulation where their patrolling function could be increased. The most modulated genes by CM and IM, respectively Clusterin and CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 (CISD1) are bridges between immune response, metabolism and stress response. The analysis of the top modulated genes and of the most probably modulated functions indicates that monocyte metabolism is altered by obesity. We open new paths of research: 1) a possible auto-immune trait of the low grade inflammation and 2) a possible link between altered monocyte metabolism and their functionality.Les monocytes dĂ©tectent des signaux mĂ©taboliques circulants qu’ils traduisent en signaux immunologiques. ils infiltrent les tissus inflamĂ©s et sont Ă©galement les prĂ©curseurs des macrophages. Dans l’obĂ©sitĂ©, la frĂ©quence, le nombre, le phĂ©notype et la fonctionnalitĂ© des sous populations de monocytes (CD14++CD16- [CM], CD14++CD16+ [IM] et CD14+CD16++ [NCM]) sont spĂ©cifiquement modulĂ©s. Le phĂ©notype des monocytes est pro-inflammatoire avec une plus forte rĂ©ponse Ă  la stimulation de TLR4 et de TLR8. Nos travaux suggĂšrent une capacitĂ© migratoire accrue des CM et des IM. La comparaison du transcriptome des sous populations chez des sujets obĂšses et des tĂ©moins, rĂ©vĂšle une signature spĂ©cifique de chaque sous population montrant un plus fort impact de l’obĂ©sitĂ© sur les CM. Ils soutiendraient l’inflammation en modulant des gĂšnes impliquĂ©s dans la signalisation cellulaire. Ils migreraient avec les IM vers les tissus inflamĂ©s. Les NCM resteraient plus longtemps dans la circulation oĂč leur fonction de « patrouilleurs » serait accrue. Les gĂšnes les plus modulĂ©s par les CM et les IM, respectivement Clusterine et CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 sont des ponts entre la rĂ©ponse immunitaire, le mĂ©tabolisme et la rĂ©ponse au stress. L’étude des « tops » gĂšnes dont l’expression est la plus fortement modulĂ©e et des fonctions les plus probablement modulĂ©es rĂ©vĂšle que le mĂ©tabolisme des monocytes serait modifiĂ© dans l’obĂ©sitĂ©. Ce travail ouvre des perspectives concernant : 1) une Ă©ventuelle composante auto-immune de l’inflammation de bas grade et 2) des relations entre des modifications du mĂ©tabolisme des monocytes et leur fonctionnalitĂ©

    Enhanced cytotoxicity and decreased CD8 dependence of human cancer-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes after vaccination with low peptide dose

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    In mice, vaccination with high peptide doses generates higher frequencies of specific CD8+ T cells, but with lower avidity compared to vaccination with lower peptide doses. To investigate the impact of peptide dose on CD8+ T cell responses in humans, melanoma patients were vaccinated with 0.1 or 0.5mg Melan-A/MART-1 peptide, mixed with CpG 7909 and Incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Neither the kinetics nor the amplitude of the Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cell responses differed between the two vaccination groups. Also, CD8+ T cell differentiation and cytokine production ex vivo were similar in the two groups. Interestingly, after low peptide dose vaccination, Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cells showed enhanced degranulation upon peptide stimulation, as assessed by CD107a upregulation and perforin release ex vivo. In accordance, CD8+ T cell clones derived from low peptide dose-vaccinated patients showed significantly increased degranulation and stronger cytotoxicity. In parallel, Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cells and clones from low peptide dose-vaccinated patients expressed lower CD8 levels, despite similar or even stronger binding to tetramers. Furthermore, CD8+ T cell clones from low peptide dose-vaccinated patients bound CD8 binding-deficient tetramers more efficiently, suggesting that they may express higher affinity TCRs. We conclude that low peptide dose vaccination generated CD8+ T cell responses with stronger cytotoxicity and lower CD8 dependenc

    Phenotypical and functional description of the three monocyte subsets in human obesity

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    Les monocytes dĂ©tectent des signaux mĂ©taboliques circulants qu’ils traduisent en signaux immunologiques. ils infiltrent les tissus inflamĂ©s et sont Ă©galement les prĂ©curseurs des macrophages. Dans l’obĂ©sitĂ©, la frĂ©quence, le nombre, le phĂ©notype et la fonctionnalitĂ© des sous populations de monocytes (CD14++CD16- [CM], CD14++CD16+ [IM] et CD14+CD16++ [NCM]) sont spĂ©cifiquement modulĂ©s. Le phĂ©notype des monocytes est pro-inflammatoire avec une plus forte rĂ©ponse Ă  la stimulation de TLR4 et de TLR8. Nos travaux suggĂšrent une capacitĂ© migratoire accrue des CM et des IM. La comparaison du transcriptome des sous populations chez des sujets obĂšses et des tĂ©moins, rĂ©vĂšle une signature spĂ©cifique de chaque sous population montrant un plus fort impact de l’obĂ©sitĂ© sur les CM. Ils soutiendraient l’inflammation en modulant des gĂšnes impliquĂ©s dans la signalisation cellulaire. Ils migreraient avec les IM vers les tissus inflamĂ©s. Les NCM resteraient plus longtemps dans la circulation oĂč leur fonction de « patrouilleurs » serait accrue. Les gĂšnes les plus modulĂ©s par les CM et les IM, respectivement Clusterine et CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 sont des ponts entre la rĂ©ponse immunitaire, le mĂ©tabolisme et la rĂ©ponse au stress. L’étude des « tops » gĂšnes dont l’expression est la plus fortement modulĂ©e et des fonctions les plus probablement modulĂ©es rĂ©vĂšle que le mĂ©tabolisme des monocytes serait modifiĂ© dans l’obĂ©sitĂ©. Ce travail ouvre des perspectives concernant : 1) une Ă©ventuelle composante auto-immune de l’inflammation de bas grade et 2) des relations entre des modifications du mĂ©tabolisme des monocytes et leur fonctionnalitĂ©.Systemic inflammation is pivotal in establishing and sustaining the obesity low-grade inflammatory status. Studying monocytes is important because they can detect metabolic cues in the circulation that are then translated into immunological factors. Monocytes infiltrating inflamed tissues are also macrophage precursors. In obesity, frequency, number, phenotype and functionality of the three monocyte-subsets (CD14++CD16- [CM], CD14++CD16+ [IM] et CD14+CD16++ [NCM]) are specifically altered. We observed a pro-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes in obesity with an increased response to TLR4 and TLR8 stimulation. Our work suggests an increased migratory capacity of CM and IM. Comparison of the transcriptome of the three subsets in obese and control subjects shows an increased imprint of obesity on CM. CM could sustain inflammation by modulating genes involved in cell signaling. They most probably migrate with the IM toward inflamed tissues. Whereas, NCM should stay longer in the circulation where their patrolling function could be increased. The most modulated genes by CM and IM, respectively Clusterin and CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 (CISD1) are bridges between immune response, metabolism and stress response. The analysis of the top modulated genes and of the most probably modulated functions indicates that monocyte metabolism is altered by obesity. We open new paths of research: 1) a possible auto-immune trait of the low grade inflammation and 2) a possible link between altered monocyte metabolism and their functionality

    Human Effector CD8 +

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    Exhaustion of tumor-specific CD8âș T cells in metastases from melanoma patients.

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    In chronic viral infections, CD8âș T cells become functionally deficient and display multiple molecular alterations. In contrast, only little is known of self- and tumor-specific CD8âș T cells from mice and humans. Here we determined molecular profiles of tumor-specific CD8âș T cells from melanoma patients. In peripheral blood from patients vaccinated with CpG and the melanoma antigen Melan-A/MART-1 peptide, we found functional effector T cell populations, with only small but nevertheless significant differences in T cells specific for persistent herpesviruses (EBV and CMV). In contrast, Melan-A/MART-1-specific T cells isolated from metastases from patients with melanoma expressed a large variety of genes associated with T cell exhaustion. The identified exhaustion profile revealed extended molecular alterations. Our data demonstrate a remarkable coexistence of effector cells in circulation and exhausted cells in the tumor environment. Functional T cell impairment is mediated by inhibitory receptors and further molecular pathways, which represent potential targets for cancer therapy

    Enhanced cytotoxicity and decreased CD8 dependence of human cancer-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes after vaccination with low peptide dose.

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    In mice, vaccination with high peptide doses generates higher frequencies of specific CD8+ T cells, but with lower avidity compared to vaccination with lower peptide doses. To investigate the impact of peptide dose on CD8+ T cell responses in humans, melanoma patients were vaccinated with 0.1 or 0.5 mg Melan-A/MART-1 peptide, mixed with CpG 7909 and Incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Neither the kinetics nor the amplitude of the Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cell responses differed between the two vaccination groups. Also, CD8+ T cell differentiation and cytokine production ex vivo were similar in the two groups. Interestingly, after low peptide dose vaccination, Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cells showed enhanced degranulation upon peptide stimulation, as assessed by CD107a upregulation and perforin release ex vivo. In accordance, CD8+ T cell clones derived from low peptide dose-vaccinated patients showed significantly increased degranulation and stronger cytotoxicity. In parallel, Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cells and clones from low peptide dose-vaccinated patients expressed lower CD8 levels, despite similar or even stronger binding to tetramers. Furthermore, CD8+ T cell clones from low peptide dose-vaccinated patients bound CD8 binding-deficient tetramers more efficiently, suggesting that they may express higher affinity TCRs. We conclude that low peptide dose vaccination generated CD8+ T cell responses with stronger cytotoxicity and lower CD8 dependence
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