Alternativas al propanil para controlar Echinochloa colona (L.) Link en arroz de temporal

En junio de 2007, se estableció un experimento en Tres Valles, Veracruz, México, con el objetivo de determinar la efectividad de diferentes herbicidas, solos y en mezcla en el arroz de temporal. Se evaluaron 14 tratamientos: cihalofop-butilo (315 y 360 g ia/ha), bispi ribac-sodio (22 y 30 g ia/ha), propanil (2.160 y 2.880 g ia/ha), cihalofop-butilo + clomazone (315 + 480 g ia/ha), cihalofop-butilo + pendimetalina (315 + 1.188 g ia/ha), bispi ribac-sodio + clomazone (22 + 480 g ia/ha), bispi ribac-sodio + pendimetalina (22 + 1.188 g ia/ha), propanil + clomazone (2.160 + 480 g ia/ha), propanil + pendimetalina (2.160 + 1.188 g ia/ha), propanil (2.880 g ia/ha) complementado con propanil (2.880 g ia/ha) y un testigo enhierbado. Se evaluó el control de malezas a los 15, 30 y 45 días después de la aplicación (DDA) y la toxicidad al arroz a los 7, 15 y 30 DDA. Cihalofop-butilo a 360 g ia/ha y las mezclas de este herbicida con pendimetalina a 315 + 1.188 g ia/ha y con clomazone a 315 + 480 g ia/ha, tuvieron los mayores controles de Echinochloa colona, pero su efecto en Cyperus iria fue deficiente. A su vez, bispiribac-sodio aplicado a 22 y 30 g ia/ha y en mezcla con pendimetalina a 22 + 1.188 g ia/ha y clomazone a 22 + 480 g ia/ha controlaron eficientemente C. iria, pero su efecto en E. colona fue de regular a bueno

Liquid micronized CaCO3: an alternative to correct the pH of an acidic soil and improve pineapple development

In southern Veracruz, Mexico, edaphic acidity reduces pineapple development and yield. From July/2018 to January/2019, an experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions to determine the effect of liquid micronized CaCO3 on the edaphic pH and the initial vegetative development of pineapple in acidic soils of Isla, Ver. A randomized block design with four replications and four treatments was utilized: control without liming (T1), application of 2.0 t ha-1 of dolomite (T2), and 10.0 (T3) and 20.0 (T4) L ha-1 of liquid micronized CaCO3. The edaphic pH was measured, before liming and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing (das), at depths of 0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm, and the biomass (fresh weight of leaves and stem) produced at 60, 90 and 120 das was determined. Up to 90 das, with dolomite, optimal soil pH values ??were reached for pineapple, significantly higher than that of liquid CaCO3 in both doses. At 120 das, with 20 L ha-1 liquid CaCO3, the pH was greater than 5.0 in the three sampled strata, with statistically similar values ??to those of dolomite and higher than those of the low dose of micronized CaCO3 and the control. On this latter date, 1,346 g of plant biomass-1 were produced with 20 L ha-1 of micronized CaCO3, an amount statistically similar to that obtained with dolomite and the low dose of micronized CaCO3 and significantly higher than the control.Objective: to determine the effect of liquid micronized CaCO3 on soil pH and pineapple vegetative development in acidic soils at Isla, Veracruz. Design/Methodology/Approach: randomized blocks with four replications and four treatments: Non-liming control (T1), 2.0 t ha-1 of dolomite (T2), 10.0 (T3) and 20.0 (T4) L ha-1  of liquid CaCO3. The soil pH was measured, before liming and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing, at depths of 0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm, and the biomass was determined at the 60, 90 and 120 dds. Analysis of variance and the 5% Fisher test were performed to separate means. Results: up to 90 dds, with dolomite, optimal pH values were reached for pineapple, significantly higher than those of CaCO3 in both doses. At 120 dds, with 20 L ha-1 CaCO3 the pH was higher than 5.0, similar to that of dolomite and higher than those of the low dose of CaCO3 and the control. At the last date, with 20 L ha-1 of CaCO3 1,346 g plant-1 biomass were produced, an amount similar to dolomite and the low dose of CaCO3 and significantly higher than that of the control. Findings/Conclusions: up to 120 dds, with 20 L ha-1 of liquid CaCO3, the optimum pH for pineapple was reached in the three strata, the values were similar to those of dolomite and higher than those of the low dose of CaCO3 and the control. CaCO3 (20 L ha-1) and dolomite (2 t ha-1) produced 33.1 and 20.9% more biomass than the control

Efecto de diferentes sistemas de fertilización en el rendimiento de frijol de humedad residual en Veracruz

En otoño-invierno 2009/2010, se establecieron dos módulos experimentales, para determinar el efecto de sistemas de fertilización en el rendimiento del frijol. Los módulos se establecieron en José Azueta y Medellín, en el sur y centro de Veracruz, respectivamente. Se evaluaron los tratamientos: 1. Sin fertilización, 2. Inoculación de 1 kg de Glomus intrarradices en 45 kg de semilla ha-1 (Gi) + la dosis 40N-20P2O5-0K2O (Fq) y 3. Gi + Fq + fertilización foliar orgánica con Nutripro Xtra-Alga, Nutripro Forte y Aminofit Xtra a 1 L ha-1 cada uno. Cada tratamiento ocupó una superficie de 3000 m2. El rendimiento de grano se estimó mediante tres muestreos de 3 m2 en cada tratamiento. Se realizó análisis de varianza por localidad, en diseño completamente al azar, considerando cada muestreo como una repetición, y un análisis combinado (localidades-fertilización); para la separación de promedios se aplicó la prueba de Tukey (p < 0,05). En José Azueta se obtuvo un rendimiento promedio de 1471,33 kg ha-1, significativamente superior al de Medellín (826,67 kg ha-1). La inoculación a la semilla con G. intrarradices, en combinación con la dosis 40N-20P2O5-0K2O, incrementó en 87,6% el rendimiento de grano, en relación al testigo sin fertilización, pero con la aplicación complementaria de fertilizantes foliares orgánicos, no se obtuvo un incremento adicional en el rendimiento

Bean rust resistance and yield of black bean genotypes under field conditions

Objective: To identify black bean lines resistant to rust under field conditions, and with yield equal to or greater than that of three varieties for commercial use in Veracruz. Design/methodology/approach: The genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block experimental design with three replications. Its reaction to rust was rated on an incidence scale of 1 to 9 and grain yield was estimated in kilograms per hectare. Analyses of variance were performed and to separate averages, the Least Significant Difference was applied at 0.05. Correlation analyses were also carried out between the rust incidence values ​​and the yield of the genotypes at each evaluation site. Results: Nine lines were resistant to rust with an average incidence of between 1.78 and 3.33, of which Jamapa Plus/XRAV-187-3-4-4 was the most productive with an average yield of 2183.4 kg ha-1, statistically similar. to that obtained by the Jamapa Plus/XRAV-187-3-4-1 and Jamapa Plus/XRAV-187-3-1-2 lines and the Verdín variety, and significantly higher than that of the rest of the genotypes. Limitations on study/implications: Although the rust occurred in the three study locations, its degree of incidence and the stage in which it appeared were different. However, in all cases, the degree of infection was sufficient to evaluate the reaction of the genotypes to this disease. Findings/conclusions: Three lines resistant to rust were identified under field conditions, with an average yield significantly higher than that of the Negro Jamapa and Negro Medellín varieties. &nbsp;Objective: To identify black beans lines resistant to bean rust under field conditions, which have similar or higher yield than three commercial varieties sown in Veracruz, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: The genotypes were evaluated using a completely randomized block design. The reaction of the genotypes to bean rust was qualified using a 1-9 incidence rate, while grain yield was estimated in kg ha-1. An analysis of variance was carried out and the resulting means were divided using a 0.05 Least Significant Difference (LSD). Additionally, a correlation analysis between the incidence values of bean rust and the yield of the genotypes was carried out in each evaluation site. Results: Nine lines were resistant to bean rust (incidence average: 1.78-3.33). Out of these lines, Jamapa Plus/XRAV-187-3-4-4 was the most productive line, with a 2,183.4 kg ha-1 average yield. This result is statistically similar to the results of the Jamapa Plus/XRAV-187-3-4-1 and Jamapa Plus/XRAV-187-3-1-2 lines and the Verdín variety. In addition, the results of Jamapa Plus/XRAV-187-3-4-4 are slightly higher than the results obtained by the rest of the genotypes. Study Limitations/Implications: Although bean rust was recorded in three of the localities of the study area, the incidence degree and the stage when it was found were different. However, in all the cases, the infection degree was enough to evaluate the reactions of the genotypes to this disease. Findings/Conclusions: Three bean rust-resistant lines were identified under field conditions. They had a significantly higher average yield than the Negro Jamapa and Negro Medellín varieties

Identification of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes resistant to anthracnose and rust for Veracruz and Chiapas, Mexico

Objective:to determine the reaction of 53 lines and three varieties of black beans to inoculation with Uromyces appendiculatusand Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, to identify genotypes resistant to rust and anthracnose. Design/methodology/approach:ten seedlings of each genotype were inoculated in the greenhouse with a suspension of U. appendiculatusurediospores and another 10 with a suspension of C. lindemuthianumconidia. Fourteen days after inoculation, the reaction of the genotypes to rust was evaluated with a severity scale of 1 to 6, and to anthracnose, with a scale of 0 to 4. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with 10 replications per treatment and for the separation of averages the LSD at 0.05 was applied. Results:41 genotypes showed a hypersensitivity reaction to rust, of which 25 had a reaction value of 2.0, statistically lower than that of the controls. In turn, 45 genotypes were resistant to anthracnose, of which 18 had a value of 1.0, statistically similar to that of Negro Jamapa and lower than that of the rest of the genotypes. Limitations of the study/implications:due to the diversity of races of both pathogens, the genotypes were inoculated with monopustular isolates of the main races of U. appendiculatusand with monosporic cultures of C. lindemuthianum, which occur in the bean crops of Veracruz and Chiapas. Findings/conclusions:25 lines resistant to rust and 18 to anthracnose were identified, which stood out for presenting the least damage from these diseases.Objective: to determine the reaction of 53 lines and three varieties of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to inoculation with Uromyces appendiculatus and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, to identify genotypes resistant to rust and anthracnose.Design/methodology/approach: 10 seedlings of each genotype were inoculated in the greenhouse with a suspension of U. appendiculatus uredospores and another 10 with a suspension of C. lindemuthianum conidia. At 14 days after inoculation, the reaction of the genotypes to rust was evaluated with a severity scale of 1 to 6, and to anthracnose, with ascale of 0 to 4. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with 10 replications per treatment and LSD at 0.05 was applied for the separation of averages.Results: 41 genotypes showed a hypersensitivity reaction to rust, of which 25 had a reaction value of 2.0, statistically lower than those of controls. In turn, 45 genotypes were resistant to anthracnose, of which 18 had a value of 1.0, statistically similar to that of Negro Jamapa and lower than those of the rest of the genotypes.Study limitations/implications: due to the diversity of races of both pathogens, the genotypes were inoculated with monopustular isolates of the principal races of U. appendiculatus and with monosporic cultures of C. lindemuthianum, which occur in the bean crops of Veracruz and Chiapas.Findings/conclusions: 25 lines resistant to rust and 18 to anthracnose were identified, which stood out for presenting the least damage from these diseases

Anti‑inflammatory drugs and uterine cervical cancer cells: Antineoplastic effect of meclofenamic acid

Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) is one of the main causes of cancer-associated mortality in women. Inflammation has been identified as an important component of this neoplasia; in this context, anti-inflammatory drugs represent possible prophylactic and/or therapeutic alternatives that require further investigation. Anti-inflammatory drugs are common and each one may exhibit a different antineoplastic effect. As a result, the present study investigated different anti-inflammatory models of UCC in vitro and in vivo. Celecoxib, sulindac, nimesulide, dexamethasone, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid and mefenamic acid were tested in UCC HeLa, VIPA, INBL and SiHa cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the drugs was evaluated in vitro. Celecoxib, sulindac, nimesulide, mefenamic acid and flufenamic acid presented with slight to moderate toxicity (10–40% of cell death corresponding to 100 µM) in certain cell lines, while meclofenamic acid exhibited significant cytotoxicity in all essayed cell lines (50–90% of cell death corresponding to 100 µM). The meclofenamic acid was tested in murine models (immunodeficient and immunocompetent) of UCC, which manifested a significant reduction in tumor growth and increased mouse survival. It was demonstrated that of the evaluated anti-inflammatory drugs, meclofenamic acid was the most cytotoxic, with a significant antitumor effect in murine models. Subsequent studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical utility of this drug

Evaluación de los herbicidas Crosser y Vaquero en el control de malezas herbáceas en pastizales tropicales.

During the 2001rainy season, two experiments were conducted in La Mancha,Veracruz, Mexico, in order to evaluate the effect of theherbicides Crosser (15 g of picloram + 150 g of 2,4-D/L) andVaquero (30 g of triclopyr + 120 g of 2,4-D/L) for controllingLagascea mollis Cav. and Baltimora recta L. in a grassland ofCynodon plectostachyus Vanderyst. In 2002, the experimentswere repeated in La Colonia Independencia, Ver., in agrassland of Digitaria decumbens Stent., infested with Sennaobtusifolia (L.) Irwin &amp; Barneby. Both herbicides, Crosserand Vaquero were applied at 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5 and 2 l/100 l ofwater; Full-Mina 4 (480 g of 2,4-D/L) at 1 and 2 l/100 l ofwater, and Esteron 47-M (400 g of 2,4-D/L) at 2 l/100 l ofwater, were also evaluated and a weeded control wasincluded. A Completely Randomized Block Design with fourreplications was used for all the experiments. Weed controland grass toxicity were evaluated at 15, 30 and 60 days aftertreatment application. Crosser controlled B. recta and S.obtusifolia at 0.75 l/100 l of water, whereas to control L.mollis, it was necessary to apply it at 1.5 l/100 l of water.Vaquero also controlled B. recta and S. obtusifolia at 0.75l/100 l of water, but it had no good control of L. mollis. Noneof the herbicide treatments caused any toxicity to the grasses.Durantela estación lluviosa de 2001, se establecieron dos experimentosen La Mancha, mpio. de Actopan, Ver., México, paraevaluar el efecto de los herbicidas Crosser (15 g depicloram + 150 g de 2,4-D/L) y Vaquero (30 g de triclopir +120 g de 2,4-D/L) en el control de la hierba ceniza (Lagasceamollis Cav.) y la flor amarilla (Baltimora recta L.) en un pastizalde zacate Estrella de Africa (Cynodon plectostachyusVanderyst). Los experimentos se repitieron en 2002, en LaColonia Independencia, mpio. de Tres Valles, Ver., en un pastizalde zacate Pangola (Digitaria decumbens Stent.), infestadocon frijolillo [Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin &amp; Barneby].Tanto el Crosser como el Vaquero se aplicaron a las dosis de0,75; 1; 1,25; 1,5 y 2 l/100 l de agua y se utilizaron como testigosa Full-Mina 4 (480 g de 2,4-D/L) a 1 y 2 l/100 l de aguay Esterón 47-M (400 g de 2,4-D/L) a 2 l/100 l de agua; un testigosin aplicar también fue incluido. En todos los experimentosse utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques al azar concuatro repeticiones. El control de las malezas y la toxicidad alos pastos se evaluó a los 15, 30 y 60 días después de la aplicación de los tratamientos. El Crosser controló a la flor amarillay al frijolillo desde 0,75 l/100 l de agua, mientras que paracontrolar eficientemente a la hierba ceniza se necesitóaplicarlo a 1,5 l/100 l de agua. El Vaquero también controló ala flor amarilla y al frijolillo a partir de 0,75 l/100 l de agua,pero no tuvo un buen control de la hierba ceniza. Ninguno delos tratamientos ocasionó toxicidad a los pastos

Control químico del arroz rojo (Oryza sativa L.) en arroz, con herbicidas no selectivos-protectantes a la semilla

Three greenhouse experiments were established in order to evaluate the protective effect of naphtalic anhydride (0,5 and 0,75%), flurazole (0,1 and 0,2%) and oxabetrinil (0,1 and 0,2%) used as seed treatments in rice cv Milagro Filipino (MF), as compare with non-selective herbicides atrazine (1,8 kg/ha), atrazine/metolachlor (0,78/0,75 kg/ha), acetochlor (2,1 kg/ha), alachlor (2,5 kg/ha) and metolachlor (1,92 kg/ha). The effect of alachlor with four red rice biotypes and MF treated with naphtalic anhydride was also evaluated. Neither flurazole nor oxabetrinil protected rice from any one of the herbicides, but naphtalic anhydride (0,75%) protected rice from alachlor (2,5 kg/ha). Alachlor (2 kg/ha) temporarily reduced rice seedling height, but there was no difference in height between treated and non-treated plants at 25 days after application (DAA). Dry weight of the MF check plants was statistically similar to those obtained from plants originated from seed treated with naphtalic anhydride (0,75%) and applied with alachlor at 1, 1,5 and 2 kg/ha. At 7 DAA, control of the different red rice biotypes with alachlor varied from 40 to 80% with 1 kg/ha, from 80 to 98% with 1,5 kg/ha and from 98 to 99% with 2 kg/ha. Moreover, at 25 DAA, controls varied from 30 to 62% with 1 kg/ha, from 43 to 83% with 1,5 kg/ha and from 58 to 96% with 2 kg/ha.Se establecieron tres ensayos en invernadero con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto protectivo del tratamiento a la semilla de arroz Milagro Filipino (MF) con anhídrido naftálico (0,5 y 0,75%), flurazole (0,1 y 0,2%) y oxabetrinil (0,1 y 0,2%) en comparación con herbicidas no selectivos para arroz [atrazina (1,8 kg/ha), atrazina/metolaclor (0,78/0,75 kg- /ha), acetoclor (2,1 kg/ha), alaclor (2,5 kg/ha) y metolaclor (1,92 kg/ha)]. Asimismo se determinó el efecto del alaclor en cuatro biotipos de arroz rojo y del arroz MF tratado con anhídrido naftálico. El flurazole y el oxabetrinil no protegieron al arroz de ninguno de los herbicidas, sólo se observó un efecto protectivo del anhídrido naftálico (0,75%) al herbicida alaclor (2,5 kg/ha). Alaclor (2 kg/ha) redujo temporalmente la altura de las plántulas de arroz, pero a partir de los 25 DDA no existió diferencia en altura con las plantas testigo. El peso seco de las plantas testigo de arroz MF fue estadísticamente semejante al obtenido de las plantas provenientes de semillas tratadas con anhídrido naftálico (0,75%) y con aplicación de 1, 1,5 y 2 kg/ha de alaclor. A los 7 DDA, el control de los diferentes biotipos de arroz rojo varió de 40 a 80% con alaclor a 1 kg/ha, de 80 a 98% con 1,5 kg/ha y de 98 a 99% con 2 kg- /ha. A su vez, a los 25 DDA, los controles variaron de 30 a 62% con alaclor a 1 kg/ha, de 43 a 83% con 1,5 kg/ha y de 58 a 96% con 2 kg/ha

Evaluación de los herbicidas Crosser y Vaquero en el control de malezas herbáceas en pastizales tropicales

During the 2001rainy season, two experiments were conducted in La Mancha,Veracruz, Mexico, in order to evaluate the effect of theherbicides Crosser (15 g of picloram + 150 g of 2,4-D/L) andVaquero (30 g of triclopyr + 120 g of 2,4-D/L) for controllingLagascea mollis Cav. and Baltimora recta L. in a grassland ofCynodon plectostachyus Vanderyst. In 2002, the experimentswere repeated in La Colonia Independencia, Ver., in agrassland of Digitaria decumbens Stent., infested with Sennaobtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby. Both herbicides, Crosserand Vaquero were applied at 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5 and 2 l/100 l ofwater; Full-Mina 4 (480 g of 2,4-D/L) at 1 and 2 l/100 l ofwater, and Esteron 47-M (400 g of 2,4-D/L) at 2 l/100 l ofwater, were also evaluated and a weeded control wasincluded. A Completely Randomized Block Design with fourreplications was used for all the experiments. Weed controland grass toxicity were evaluated at 15, 30 and 60 days aftertreatment application. Crosser controlled B. recta and S.obtusifolia at 0.75 l/100 l of water, whereas to control L.mollis, it was necessary to apply it at 1.5 l/100 l of water.Vaquero also controlled B. recta and S. obtusifolia at 0.75l/100 l of water, but it had no good control of L. mollis. Noneof the herbicide treatments caused any toxicity to the grasses.Durantela estación lluviosa de 2001, se establecieron dos experimentosen La Mancha, mpio. de Actopan, Ver., México, paraevaluar el efecto de los herbicidas Crosser (15 g depicloram + 150 g de 2,4-D/L) y Vaquero (30 g de triclopir +120 g de 2,4-D/L) en el control de la hierba ceniza (Lagasceamollis Cav.) y la flor amarilla (Baltimora recta L.) en un pastizalde zacate Estrella de Africa (Cynodon plectostachyusVanderyst). Los experimentos se repitieron en 2002, en LaColonia Independencia, mpio. de Tres Valles, Ver., en un pastizalde zacate Pangola (Digitaria decumbens Stent.), infestadocon frijolillo [Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby].Tanto el Crosser como el Vaquero se aplicaron a las dosis de0,75; 1; 1,25; 1,5 y 2 l/100 l de agua y se utilizaron como testigosa Full-Mina 4 (480 g de 2,4-D/L) a 1 y 2 l/100 l de aguay Esterón 47-M (400 g de 2,4-D/L) a 2 l/100 l de agua; un testigosin aplicar también fue incluido. En todos los experimentosse utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques al azar concuatro repeticiones. El control de las malezas y la toxicidad alos pastos se evaluó a los 15, 30 y 60 días después de la aplicación de los tratamientos. El Crosser controló a la flor amarillay al frijolillo desde 0,75 l/100 l de agua, mientras que paracontrolar eficientemente a la hierba ceniza se necesitóaplicarlo a 1,5 l/100 l de agua. El Vaquero también controló ala flor amarilla y al frijolillo a partir de 0,75 l/100 l de agua,pero no tuvo un buen control de la hierba ceniza. Ninguno delos tratamientos ocasionó toxicidad a los pastos