May 68 and the history of philosophy

En este artículo nos interrogamos sobre los efectos de Mayo del 68 en la historia de la filosofía. Para abordar esta cuestión elaboramos una reconstrucción del marco filosófico y el campo académico en los compases previos a la revuelta, señalando cómo dentro de los estilos filosóficos existentes se preparaban importantes mutaciones –fundamentalmente en las relaciones entre la filosofía y las ciencias–. A partir de la trayectoria de Pierre Macherey, mostramos las características del espacio filosófico del Mayo del 68 y sus cambios –ampliación de públicos, hibridación de la filosofía con otros saberes, empresas intelectuales colectivas, filiación militante de los discursos –, mostrando cómo se estabilizan nuevos modelos de filosofía ya en el Post 68. En este punto, abordamos la práctica filosófica de Michel Foucault y Louis Althusser, explorando sus innovaciones a la hora de entender la filosofía. Finalmente, trazamos un diálogo entre las concepciones de la filosofía de Althusser y Macherey; en sus tensiones se expresan las posibilidades de un nuevo canon filosófico y una nueva práctica de la filosofía.In this article we wonder about the effects of May 68 upon the history of philosophy. To address this issue, we reconstruct the philosophical framework and the academic field of the previous years of the revolt, pointing at how inside the existing philosophical styles important changes were being prepared – maninly in the relations between philosophy and sciences–. Departing from Pierre Macherey’s trajectory, we describe the features of the philosophical space of May 68 and its changes –amplification of publics, hybridization of philosophy with other knowledges, collective intellectual enterprises, militant affiliation of discourses–, showing how new models of philosophy are stabilized already in the Post 68 years. At this point, we approach the philosophical practice of Michel Foucault and Louis Althusser, exploring their innovations when it comes to understand philosophy. Finally, we trace a dialogue between the philosophy conceptions’ of Althusser and Macherey; in its tensions the possibilities of a new philosophical canon and a new practice of philosophy are expressed

The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb29

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Karl Marx, un periodista en la Era del Capital. Apuntes para una investigación

The aim of this article is to criticize the traditional representation of Karl Marx’s journalistic works, usually forgotten by a misleading canon that assumes his articles only as a minor work. One of the problems of this traditional conception is that it dissociates his theoretical and economic contributions from the historical development of the author’s thought (and also from its material roots). We will try to point the importance of Karl Marx’s mature journalism in two areas: in the construction of the central concepts of his critic against the capitalist mode of production (surplus value, a multilineal historical perspective, a global description of the world market, etc.) and in the production of political cartographies to intervene in the class conflict. This article poses several hypothesis and tentative affirmations about Karl Marx’s journalism that may serve as a point of departure for a critical research.<br><br>El objetivo de este artículo es criticar la representación tradicional del trabajo periodístico de Karl Marx, habitualmente olvidado por un canon engañoso que sólo asume sus artículos al precio de convertirlos en una obra menor. Uno de los problemas de esta concepción tradicional es que disocia sus contribuciones teóricas y económicas del desarrollo histórico del pensamiento del autor (y también de sus raíces materiales). Intentaremos señalar la importancia del periodismo maduro de Karl Marx en dos áreas: en la construcción de los conceptos centrales de su crítica contra el capitalismo (plusvalor, un enfoque histórico multilineal, una descripción global del mercado mundial, etc.) y en la producción de cartografías políticas para intervenir en el conflicto de clases. Este artículo plantea varias hipótesis y afirmaciones tentativas sobre el periodismo de Karl Marx que pueden servir como punto de partida de una investigación crítica

The neoliberal syndemic: critical narratives and struggles from southern Europe

The social impact of the outbreak and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that we’re not facing a mere infectious disease, but a neoliberal syndemic. This syndemic have stressed all the inequalities, oppressions and conflicts that were at the base of the neoliberal system of governance, contradictions that have reached a global dimension since the Great Recession (2008). In this article we will analyze the consequences of the neoliberal virus in different spheres (macro and micro) from a critical and materialistic perspective: from the management of the crisis by the States to the subjective transformations the syndemic has provoked in the population. Focusing in the Spanish case, we will go over the main reactions, narratives and struggles that have faced the covid crisis into what we understand as a new and more authoritarian phase of neoliberal capitalism. A phase that will need a radical articulation of social struggles to subvert a horizon that threatens with new oppressions. El impacto social del brote y propagación de la pandemia del COVID-19 nos ha mostrado que no estamos ante una mera enfermedad infecciosa, sino ante una sindemia neoliberal. Esta sindemia ha acentuado todas las desigualdades, opresiones y conflictos que estaban en la base del sistema de gobernanza neoliberal, contradicciones que han alcanzado una dimensión global desde la Gran Recesión (2008). En este artículo analizaremos las consecuencias del virus neoliberal en diferentes ámbitos (macro y micro) desde una perspectiva crítica y materialista: desde la gestión de la crisis por parte de los Estados hasta las transformaciones subjetivas que la sindemia ha provocado en la población. Centrándonos en el caso español, repasaremos algunas de las principales reacciones, narrativas y luchas que se han enfrentado la crisis del COVID en lo que entendemos como una nueva fase más autoritaria del capitalismo neoliberal. Una etapa que precisará una articulación radical de las luchas sociales para subvertir un horizonte que amenaza con nuevas opresiones

Multinomial cross-sectional regression models to estimate and predict the determinants of academic performance: the case of auditor accountant of the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso

The debate on the primary cross-curricular skills or fundamental competencies that must be improved in higher education has increased in the last few years. This is especially important in the new distant learning environments, which bring new challenges to the educational process. Econometric models have been designed to explain the students’ academic performance, which has been measured using their qualifications average, the number of failed subjects, passed subjects, and withdrawn subjects, and the level of progress, among other indicators, to try to understand the influence of variables such as students’ self-esteem, reading comprehension, English proficiency level, and performance in a mathematics-related subject on the students of accountant auditor program from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso. Students were asked to fill in a questionnaire to collect data on the psychological and pedagogical variables, while the socio-economic and socio-demographic data were collected from the university. The results have shown that the most significant variables in the development level of this skill type are socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Some of the psychological and pedagogical variables that have, to a lesser degree, some influences are self-regulation in the learning process and the self-perception of anxiety levels. Lastly, some recommendations to intervene in the students’ learning process are presented with the objective of achieving a higher level of development in this type of competences

Red de docentes y repositorio digital de recursos educativos: Una historia del capitalismo contemporáneo III. El neoliberalismo y la crisis multifactorial contemporánea a través fuentes fílmicas, literarias y estéticas

Depto. de Filosofía y SociedadFac. de FilosofíaFALSEsubmitte