La evaluación sensible al género: Una herramienta para mejorar la calidad de la ayuda

International audienceDesde la década de los setenta, la ayuda oficial al desarrollo ha llevado a cabo diferentes iniciativas para reducir la desigualdad entre mujeres y hombres. Sin embargo, la práctica de desarrollo en materia de igualdad ha generado resultados insuficientes y, en ocasiones, contradictorios. En la presente comunicación se profundiza en la evaluación sensible al género como una herramienta clave para asegurar una ayuda de calidad que promueva, en efecto, la igualdad de género

Comment on “Effects of focused ion beam milling on the nanomechanical behavior of a molybdenum-alloy single crystal” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 111915 (2007)

While this article provides insight into differences in mechanics between Ga+-irradiated and “pure” surfaces of molybdenum, there are several statements that are either inaccurate or poorly stated. It is clear that when a surface is directly irradiated by orthogonal ion beam (0.07–0.21 mW), a focused ion beam (FIB) damage layer will likely form and affect the strength. However, this finding does not provide adequate foundation for raising the question of FIB-induced hardening in nanopillars, given the vast differences between these experiments and procedure used in pillar fabrication. These issues would cause considerable confusion and result in disservice to mechanical testing community if not clarified

La igualdad de género en la cooperación española y en la iniciativa Marca España. Abordajes e inconsistencias en tiempos de crisis

Since the nineties, human development and gender equality have become two central priorities of the international agenda and for the Spanish State. However, in the current international economic and financial crisis, and linked to agenda of macroeconomic stability and fiscal austerity set in rich countries, the promotion of human development seems to be on a second level. In this scenario, the progress made internationally in the promotion of gender equality through public policies is also at risk of being seriously affected. In the case of the foreign and cooperation policy of Spanish State, the official development aid is cut back to figures as in early eighties and, at the same time, the ‘Marca España’ initiative takes centrality. And, all of this in a scenario where we are attending a marginalization of gender content in the public agenda. This article looks at if there is a commitment to a pro-gender equality development according to the international commitments of the Spanish State. It specifically analyses if this commitment exists in the ‘Marca España’ initiative and in the Spanish cooperation policy for the period 2008-2014. Due to the impact of both policies in the development of Southern countries, it investigates whether gender equality is included or excluded as an objective in these policies, the different approaches adopted in this regards and the economic and institutional resources to promote gender equality. All this aims to identify possible transformations occurring in the analysis period, marked by the international crisis and the change of government, and the inconsistencies between the two policies that can limit the impact of the pro-gender equity efforts.Desde la década de los noventa, eldesarrollo humano y la igualdad de género se reconocen como prioridades de laagenda internacional y así han sido asumidas por el Estado español. Sin embargo,en la actual situación de crisis internacional, y ante la agenda de estabilidadmacroeconómica y austeridad fiscal definida en los países ricos, la promocióndel desarrollo humano parece quedar en un segundo nivel. Asimismo, los avanceslogrados a escala internacional en materia de promoción de la igualdad degénero desde las políticas públicas también corren el riesgo de verseseriamente afectados. En el caso de la política exterior yde cooperación española, la ayuda oficial al desarrollo experimenta recortesque la sitúa en cifras de comienzos de la década de los ochenta a la par que lainiciativa Marca España gana centralidad. Todo esto en un escenario donde, demodo generalizado, se asiste a una marginación de los contenidos de género enla agenda pública.Este artículo analiza en qué modoexiste una apuesta por un desarrollo humano pro-equidad de género, en línea conlos compromisos internacionales asumidos por el Estado español, en la políticade cooperación española y en la iniciativa Marca España en el período 2008-2014.Dado el impacto de ambas políticas en el desarrollo de países del Sur, indagaen si la igualdad de género se incluye o excluye como objetivo en ambaspolíticas, cómo se define el problema de la desigualdad de género y cuál es elenfoque adoptado y los recursos –económicos e institucionales– existentes parapromoverla. Todo ello persigue identificar posibles transformaciones acaecidasen el período de análisis, marcado por la crisis internacional y el cambio degobierno, así como las inconsistencias entre ambas políticas que pueden limitarel impacto del trabajo pro-equidad de género

Blitzkrieg against democracy: gender equality and the rise of the populist radical right in Spain

Populist radical right parties (PRRPs) are generally considered detrimental to democracy. Research on their damaging potential tends to focus on their influence in triggering policy backsliding but leaves the promotion of gender equality out of the equation. This study explores the case of Vox in Andalusia, a southern region of Spain, to show how PRRPs also contribute to de-democratization through their capacity to erode the equality framework. We demonstrate how they can effectively dismantle and reframe crucial policies, even when not in office. This opens new analytical pathways for studying the role of PRRPs in undermining democratic systems.Alba Alonso wishes to acknowledge the funding received from the Xunta de Galicia to support her research group Rede Armela USC (grant number ED431B 2020/23).S

The Role of Perceived Barriers to Maternal Communication in Risky Sexual Behavior Among Mexican Adolescents

This study examined gender differences in perceived barriers to communication about sex between mothers and adolescents (ages 12 to 19) in Mexico. We also explored associations between 3 risky sexual behaviors (contraception use, age of first coitus, and sexual experience) and these barriers separate by gender. A total of 1,436 participants (47% female) completed surveys measuring risky sexual behaviors and 3 barriers to communication (lack of confidence or knowledge about sex, talk perceived as encouraging sex, and talk perceived as unnecessary). Findings revealed that boys were likely to perceive more barriers to communication than were girls. Talk perceived as encouraging sex was associated with vaginal sex among all adolescents. Female adolescents who perceived their mother as having less knowledge and confidence about sex were also more likely to have had sexual intercourse and less likely to have used contraception. Boys who perceived talk as unnecessary were more likely to have had sexual intercourse. These findings amplify our understanding of both barriers to communication about sex and risky sexual behaviors among adolescents in Mexico

Play and optimal welfare : does play behaviour indicate the presence of positive affective states?

Play is commonly used to assess affective states in both humans and non-human animals. Play appears to be most common when animals are well-fed and not under any direct threats to fitness. Could play and playfulness therefore indicate pre-existing positive emotions, and thence optimal animal welfare? We examine this question by surveying the internal and external conditions that promote or suppress play in a variety of species, starting with humans. We find that negative affective states and poor welfare usually do suppress play (although there are notable exceptions where the opposite occurs). Furthermore, research in children suggests that beyond the frequency or total duration of play, poor welfare may additionally be reflected in qualitative aspects of this heterogeneous behaviour (e.g. display of solitary over social play; and the ‘fragmentation’ of play bouts) that are often overlooked in animals. There are surprisingly few studies of play in subjects with pre-existing optimal welfare or in unambiguously highly positive affective states, making it currently impossible to determine whether play can distinguish optimal or good welfare from merely neutral welfare. This therefore represents an important and exciting area for future research

ECommerce of the Spanish online pharmacies: web design and visibility on the Internet

En el trabajo presentado realizamos un estudio empírico que parte de la selección de las farmacias españolas online que venden por Internet mejor posicionadas en SEO. Mediante la utilización de una serie de herramientas online gratuitas hemos analizado sus diseños web, con especial mención al diseño web adaptativo, a la usabilidad y a la accesibilidad, así como su visibilidad en la Red y presencia en los medios sociales. Estas farmacias objeto del estudio presentan un nivel de SEO elevado, al igual que usabilidad y visibilidad, con presencia en las principales redes sociales Facebook y Twitter, mostrando carencias en la accesibilidad y adaptación de sus diseños web al comercio electrónico móvil.The work presented perform an empirical study of the Spanish selection of online pharmacies that sold in Internet with best SEO position in Google. We have analyzed, with free online tools, their web design, with special mention of the adaptative web design, usability and accessibility, and the visibility on the Web and social media presence. The sepharmacies under study exhibit a high level of SEO, usability and visibility, with presence in major social networks Facebook and Twitter, showing gaps in accessibility and adaptation of web designs for mobile commerce

Processos identitários e feminismo na sociedade brasileira atual a partir da perspectiva de mulheres

O feminismo é um movimento que visa destituir a opressão e a exploração sexista. Com isso, percebe-se que ele é um movimento que foi e ainda é muito importante pela sua luta por igualdade nas relações entre homens e mulheres em nossa sociedade. Porém, percebe-se que, atualmente, com a quantidade de informações disponíveis no mundo globalizado, algumas informações distorcidas são produzidas e compartilhadas sem cautela. Além disso, existem movimentos antifeministas, geralmente compostos por pessoas conservadoras e/ou religiosas fundamentalistas, que visam retroceder nos avanços que o feminismo já conquistou e impedir novos avanços. O que tem formado uma imagem inconsistente e, muitas vezes, distorcida, sobre o feminismo no imaginário social do Brasil. Dessa maneira, o objetivo geral da pesquisa foi: investigar as transformações do feminismo no Brasil na atualidade a partir da percepção de diferentes mulheres. Assim, foram realizadas quatro entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas virtuais com mulheres com diferentes pertencimentos étnico-raciais, idades e sexualidades. De forma geral, as participantes acreditam que o feminismo teve e têm contribuições importantes, mas que são realizadas distorções sobre o movimento atualmente, seja por feministas, seja por antifeministas. Ademais, os resultados da pesquisa indicaram o quão importante é a educação, de forma consistente, sobre o que é o feminismo e o que constitui suas pautas, bem como a promoção de maior acessibilidade aos conhecimentos produzidos por feministas e de um feminismo mais acolhedor. Nesse sentido, a Psicologia, como ciência e como profissão, pode contribuir valiosamente no processo de disseminação, de forma acessível, do conhecimento feminista