The Impact of Genetics on Gut Microbiota of Growing and Fattening Pigs under Moderate N Restriction

Characterization of intestinal microbiota is of great interest due to its relevant impact on growth, feed efficiency and pig carcass quality. Microbial composition shifts along the gut, but it also depends on the host (i.e., age, genetic background), diet composition and environmental conditions. To simultaneously study the effects of producing type (PT), production phase (PP) and dietary crude protein (CP) content on microbial populations, 20 Duroc pigs and 16 crossbred pigs (F2), belonging to growing and fattening phases, were used. Half of the pigs of each PT were fed a moderate CP restriction (2%). After sacrifice, contents of ileum, cecum and distal colon were collected for sequencing procedure. Fattening pigs presented higher microbial richness than growing pigs because of higher maturity and stability of the community. The F2 pigs showed higher bacterial alpha diversity and microbial network complexity (cecum and colon), especially in the fattening phase, while Duroc pigs tended to have higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in cecum segment. Lactobacillus was the predominant genus, and along with Streptococcus and Clostridium, their relative abundance decreased throughout the intestine. Although low CP diet did not alter the microbial diversity, it increased interaction network complexity. These results have revealed that the moderate CP restriction had lower impact on intestinal microbiota than PP and PT of pigs.This research was a part of the Feed-a-Gene project and received funding from the European Union’s H2020 program under National Institutes of Health (grant number 633531), as well as Spanish National funding by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AGL2017-89289- R). L. Sarri is the recipient of a research training grant from the Generalitat de Catalunya-European Social Funds (2019 FI_B 00416)

EFFECT OF CATHODAL TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION OVER AN ANTAGONISTIC CO-ACTIVATION DURING AN ISOKINETIC PROTOCOL

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (t-DCS) over an antagonistic co-activation of lower limbs muscles during isokinetic exercise. We analyzed the results of isokinetic exercise for dominant leg knee’s extensors and flexors muscles during concentric-concentric protocol after cathodal and sham t-DCS. Seven healthy right-handed volunteers took part at the study. The cathodal current is an reducer of motor cortex excitability. Only three of the seven volunteers presented the expected behavior after t-DCS cathodal stimulation, in at least one phase. The findings of this study suggest that the effect of t-DCS cathodal on the muscular co-activation, remains unclear especially because the mechanisms underlying the stimulation of each cortical area are still unknown

The Impact of Producing Type and Dietary Crude Protein on Animal Performances and Microbiota Together with Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Growing Pigs

In order to reduce dietary nitrogen and achieve an efficient protein deposition as well as decrease N wastage, we challenged the nutrient utilization efficiency of two different producing types in front of a dietary crude protein (CP) restriction and studied the role of the microbiota in such an adaptation process. Therefore, 32 pure castrated male Duroc (DU) and 32 entire male hybrid (F2) piglets were raised in a three-phase feeding regime. At each phase, two iso caloric diets differing in CP content, also known as normal protein (NP) and low protein (LP), were fed to the animals. LP diets had a fixed restriction (2%) in CP content in regards to NP ones throughout the phases of the experiment. At the end of third phase, fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis purposes and greenhouse gases emissions, together with ammonia, were tested. No changes were found in average daily feed intake (ADFI) of animals of two producing types (Duroc vs. F2) or those consumed different experimental diets (NP vs. LP) throughout the course of study. However, at the end of each experimental phase the average body weight (BW) of hybrid animals were higher compared to Duroc pigs, whereas a reverse trend was observed for average daily gain (ADG), where Duroc pigs showed greater values with respect to hybrid ones. Despite, greater CH4 and ammonia emissions in Duroc pigs with respect to F2, no significant differences were found in contaminant gases emissions between diets. Moreover, LP diets did not alter the microbial community structure, in terms of diversity, although some genera were affected by the dietary challenge. Results suggest that the impact of reducing 2% of CP content was limited for reduction in contaminant gases emissions and highlight the hypothesis that moderate change in the dietary protein levels can be overcome by long-term adaptation of the gut microbiota. Overall, the influence of the producing type on performance and digestive microbiota composition was more pronounced than the dietary effect. However, both producing types responded differently to CP restriction. The use of fecal microbiota as biomarker for predicting feed efficiency has a great potential that should be completed with robust predictive models to achieve consistent and valid results.This work was supported by FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades—Agencia Estatal de Investigación (grant number AGL 2017-89289) and European Union’s H2020 program under National Institutes of Health (Feed-a-Gene, grant number 633531). Laura Sarri is recipient of a research training grant from the Generalitat de Catalunya-European Social Funds (FI-DGR 2019)

Prevalencia de trastornos temporomandibulares en niños mexicanos con dentición mixta

Objetivo Determinar y contrastar con la bibliografía reportada, la prevalencia de trastornos temporomandibulares con un instrumento validado en dentición mixta de niños mexicanos.Métodos Se incluyeron 150 niños de8 a 12 años de edad, de cualquier sexo que asistieron a la clínica de estomatología pediátrica de la BUAP, evaluados con los criterios diagnósticos para la Investigación de los TTM (CDI/TTM) por investigador previamente estandarizado (kappa=0,93). Los resultados se contrastaron con lo reportado en la bibliografía.Resultados La prevalencia de TTM fue del 20,7 %, predominantemente de tipo muscular (77,4 %), el 33,3 % presentó alteración del patrón de apertura bucal, el 34% presentó ruidos articulares (chasquido), la función mandibular más comprometida fue el masticar (6 %). Estos resultados contrastan con  lo reportado en la bibliografía, específicamente en los sitios musculares doloridos y las cefaleas, probablemente explicado por  los diferentes instrumentos utilizados.Conclusión La prevalencia de TTM es contrastante entre diversos estudios, es necesario enfatizar la necesidad de evaluar éstos durante la niñez y la juventud con instrumentos validados

Age evolution of lipid accretion rate in boars selected for lean meat and duroc barrows

Fatty acid (FA) deposition in growing-fattening pigs is mainly based on endogenous lipid synthesis, but also direct FA incorporation from the diet. To evaluate the direct fat incorporation rates and the endogenous desaturation action of the stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) enzyme, a deu‐ terium (D)‐labeled saturated FA (d 35‐C18:0) was added to the diet. Sixteen three‐way (3W) crossbred boars, and thirty‐two purebred Duroc barrows homozygous for the SCD single nucleotide poly‐ morphism rs80912566 (16 CC/16 TT), were used. Half of the animals of each genotype belonged to the growing and fattening phases. The fractional incorporation rate (FIR) of dietary fat in growing pigs was generally higher in adipose tissues, whereas in fattening pigs it was higher in the liver. Duroc pigs exhibited lower FIRs than 3W pigs, suggesting lower rates of endogenous synthesis by 3W pigs. Real fractional unsaturation rates (FURs) increased with age by the higher FIRs in 3W pigs and the de novo synthesis pathway in Duroc genotypes. Moreover, pigs carrying the SCD_T allele showed more enhanced oleic acid biosynthesis than Duroc CC pigs. In conclusion, suitable feeding protocols should be designed for each pig type to optimize production traits, considering that the metabolic pathway of FA for its deposition may differ.This study was a part of the Feed-a-Gene project and received funding from the EuropeanUnion’s H2020 program under National Institutes of Health (grant number 633531), as well as SpanishNational funding by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AGL2017-89289-R). L. Sarri isthe recipient of a research training grant from the Generalitat de Catalunya-European Social Funds(2019 FI_B 0041

Temporomandibular disorders in children and its relation to artificial lactation with bottle-feeding

Objetivo. Establecer la relación de los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) de niños de 8 a 10 años, con lactancia artificial exclusiva con uso del biberón. Métodos. Estudio de casos y controles, (pareados por edad y sexo). Se incluyeron 38 niños, sin alteraciones del crecimiento ni parafunciones bucales severas, previo consentimiento (madres) y asentimiento (niños) informado. Los participantes fueron diagnosticados con TTM (19 casos) o sin diagnóstico de TTM (19 controles) utilizando los criterios diagnósticos para los TTM (CD/TTM), previa estandarización de la investigadora; kappa inter 0,98 e intraobservador 0,73. Los antecedentes de lactancia fueron registrados con cuestionario ex profeso: tipo y tiempo de administración y datos generales del niño y la madre. Se calculó estadística descriptiva e inferencial; Ji cuadrada para identificar la asociación entre TTM y lactancia artificial exclusiva con uso del biberón, y razón de posibilidades (OR), con valor significativo ≤0,05. Resultados. Edad 8,95±0,84 años, 57,9% sexo masculino, sin diferencias por grupos en la edad y escolaridad de las madres (p>0,05). El tipo de TTM más común fue dolor muscular (57,9%), seguido de luxación del disco con reducción y su combinación (21,1%). La media de apertura bucal, sitios musculares y articulares doloridos fue estadísticamente diferente entre los casos y controles (p<0,05). El porcentaje de alimentación con lactancia artificial exclusiva con uso del biberón fue igual en ambos grupos (57,9% p=1,00), el OR calculado fue de 1 con IC95% de 0,27-3,60. Conclusión. No se encontró relación entre la lactancia artificial con el uso del biberón y los TTM. El tipo de TTM más frecuente fue dolor muscular.Objective. To establish the relationship of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children aged 8 to 10 years, with exclusive artificial feeding. Methods. Case-control study (matched by age and sex). 38 children were included, without growth disturbances or severe oral parafunctions, with prior informed consent (mothers) and assent (children). Participants were diagnosed with TMD (19 cases) or without TMD diagnosis (19 controls) using the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (CD / TMD), after standardization by the researcher; kappa inter 0.98 and intraobserver 0.73. The history of breastfeeding was recorded with an express questionnaire: type and time of administration, and general data of the child and the mother. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated; Chi square analysis was performed to identify the association between TMD and exclusive artificial feeding, and odds ratio (OR), with a significant value of ≤0.05. Results. Age 8.95 ± 0.84 years, 57.9% male, with no differences in age or education of the mother between groups (p> 0,05). The most common type of TMD was muscle pain (57.9%), followed by disc luxation with reduction and combination (21.1%). The mean mouth opening, muscle and joint pain sites were statistically different between cases and controls (p <0.05). The percentage of exclusive artificial feeding was the same in both groups (57.9% p = 1.00), the calculated OR was 1 with a 95% CI of 0.27-3.60. Conclusions. Artificial feeding with the use of a bottle was not related to TMD. The most common type of TMD was muscle pain

Relacion universal de las festivas demonstraciones, que se han hecho en ... Sevilla, para celebrar el solemne triduo de la possession, que por el Serenissimo Señor Infante Cardenal D. Luis Antonio Jayme de Borbon, tomó de el arzobispado de dicha ciudad, su coadministrador ... D. Gabriel Torres de Navarra ...

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 2007Port. con orlaSign.: []1, A-X

Child selfperceptions of general and oral health in Puebla, México

Objetivo: Determinar la auto-percepción de la salud en general y bucal de los niños evaluados. Material y método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, homodémico y prolectivo en 235 niños y niñas de 8 a 12 años de edad quienes cumplieron con los criterios de selección; que aceptaran participar en el estudio, cuyos padres firmaron el consentimiento informado. Se preguntó a cada niño sobre el estado de su salud en general y bucal. Resultado: La mayoría de los niños y niñas tienen una mejor auto-percepción de la salud en general con un 82.2% calificada como excelente, muy buena y buena y sólo el 17.9% como regular, mientras que para la salud bucal, sólo el 56.9% la calificó como excelente, muy buena y buena, el 39.6% como regular y el 3.9% como deficiente. Conclusión: La autopercepción de la salud bucal es más deficiente que la autopercepción de la salud en general en los niños mexicanos de 8 a 10 años, lo cual pudiera impactar en las conductas que presentan para mantener dichos estados de salud.Objective: To determine the self-perceived general and oral health of children evaluated. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, transversal, and homodemic prolective in 235 children aged 8 to 12 years of age who met the selection criteria, agree to take part in the study whose parents signed informed consent. Each child was asked about the status of your general health and oral. Results: Most children have a better self-perceived health in general, that oral health. Conclusion: We conclude that the information presented makes evident the feelings of the children about how to place their subjective well-being in general and oral health, which affects the behaviors that have to maintain those health states.Facultad de Ciencias Médica