Estratigrafía y estructura de los Andes Centrales Argentinos entre los 30º y 31º de Latitud Sur

In a cross-section through the Argentine central Andes, two large groups of rocks can be distinguished: a Gondwanic (F'aleozoic) basement, and an Andean cover. The basement is constituted by manne sedimentary units, intruded by Upper Paleozoic granitoid rocks. The most important Gondwanic structures, are East verging thrust and related folds. The Andean cover has a volcanic and volcanoclastic origin with some interbedded continental sedimentary rocks. The lower Permo-Tnassic unit (Choiyoi Group) is linked to an extensional tectonic event, and a Neogene sequence is connected to a compressional tectonic event that produced the inversion of the previous extensional features. The amount of Andean shortening calculated fiom cross sections is of about 10%. Most of the shortening in the Andean Cordillera was transferred to the Precordillera through the detachment fault. The up-lift of the Pampeanas area is linked with a new lower detachment fault

Flight testing of a luminescent surface pressure sensor

NASA ARC has conducted flight tests of a new type of aerodynamic pressure sensor based on a luminescent surface coating. Flights were conducted at the NASA ARC-Dryden Flight Research Facility. The luminescent pressure sensor is based on a surface coating which, when illuminated with ultraviolet light, emits visible light with an intensity dependent on the local air pressure on the surface. This technique makes it possible to obtain pressure data over the entire surface of an aircraft, as opposed to conventional instrumentation, which can only make measurements at pre-selected points. The objective of the flight tests was to evaluate the effectiveness and practicality of a luminescent pressure sensor in the actual flight environment. A luminescent pressure sensor was installed on a fin, the Flight Test Fixture (FTF), that is attached to the underside of an F-104 aircraft. The response of one particular surface coating was evaluated at low supersonic Mach numbers (M = 1.0-1.6) in order to provide an initial estimate of the sensor's capabilities. This memo describes the test approach, the techniques used, and the pressure sensor's behavior under flight conditions. A direct comparison between data provided by the luminescent pressure sensor and that produced by conventional pressure instrumentation shows that the luminescent sensor can provide quantitative data under flight conditions. However, the test results also show that the sensor has a number of limitations which must be addressed if this technique is to prove useful in the flight environment

Learning Styles and Technology Implementation of Special Education Teachers in the New Normal

This research evaluates special education teachers' learning styles and technological implementation at SpEd Schools in Mandaue City, Cebu, and Kananga Leyte, both in the Philippines, during the school year 2020–2021. It aimed to determine the Special Education Teachers' learning styles as well as the status of technology implementation of new learning modes during a pandemic. Because of the new setup for the educational platform in Special Education, this research also sought to gather information on the numerous concerns and problems associated with technology deployment, as well as the essential support and assistance in addressing such challenges. This study used a mixed-methods approach. A survey design will be used in quantitative research. Qualitative research, on the other hand, will employ a pragmatic qualitative research approach. Respondents in this study included twenty (20) Special Education Teachers from Mandaue City Central SpEd School - Elementary, ten (10) Special Education Teachers from Mandaue City Central SpEd School - High School, and twenty (20) Special Education Teachers from Kananga Central School. They answered the modified survey form as well as the interview. Frequency count and percentage, weighted mean and standard deviation, Chi-square test of independence, and theme analysis are among the statistical treatments applied to the data. The majority of Special Education teachers are reasonable, proactive, spontaneous, and clear, according to the data. It establishes that computer technology is commonly used for organizational and educational purposes. In general, it shows that a teacher's profile has a significant link to their learning styles, level of technological integration, and process integration. The creation of an intervention strategy is proposed as a solution to this problem

Learning Styles and Technology Implementation of Special Education Teachers in the New Normal

This research evaluates special education teachers' learning styles and technological implementation at SpEd Schools in Mandaue City, Cebu, and Kananga Leyte, both in the Philippines, during the school year 2020–2021. It aimed to determine the Special Education Teachers' learning styles as well as the status of technology implementation of new learning modes during a pandemic. Because of the new setup for the educational platform in Special Education, this research also sought to gather information on the numerous concerns and problems associated with technology deployment, as well as the essential support and assistance in addressing such challenges. This study used a mixed-methods approach. A survey design will be used in quantitative research. Qualitative research, on the other hand, will employ a pragmatic qualitative research approach. Respondents in this study included twenty (20) Special Education Teachers from Mandaue City Central SpEd School - Elementary, ten (10) Special Education Teachers from Mandaue City Central SpEd School - High School, and twenty (20) Special Education Teachers from Kananga Central School. They answered the modified survey form as well as the interview. Frequency count and percentage, weighted mean and standard deviation, Chi-square test of independence, and theme analysis are among the statistical treatments applied to the data. The majority of Special Education teachers are reasonable, proactive, spontaneous, and clear, according to the data. It establishes that computer technology is commonly used for organizational and educational purposes. In general, it shows that a teacher's profile has a significant link to their learning styles, level of technological integration, and process integration. The creation of an intervention strategy is proposed as a solution to this problem

The N-terminus of IpaB provides a potential anchor to the Shigella type III secretion system tip complex protein IpaD

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is an essential virulence factor for Shigella flexneri, providing a conduit through which host-altering effectors are injected directly into a host cell to promote uptake. The type III secretion apparatus (T3SA) is comprised of a basal body, external needle, and regulatory tip complex. The nascent needle is a polymer of MxiH capped by a pentamer of invasion plasmid antigen D (IpaD). Exposure to bile salts (e.g. deoxycholate) causes a conformational change in IpaD and promotes recruitment of IpaB to the needle tip. It has been proposed that IpaB senses contact with host cell membranes, recruiting IpaC and inducing full secretion of T3SS effectors. While the steps of T3SA maturation and their external triggers have been identified, details of specific protein interactions and mechanisms have remained difficult to study due to the hydrophobic nature of the IpaB and IpaC translocator proteins. Here we explored the ability for a series of soluble N-terminal IpaB peptides to interact with IpaD. We found that DOC is required for the interaction and that a region of IpaB between residues 11–27 is required for maximum binding, which was confirmed in vivo. Furthermore, intramolecular FRET measurements indicated that movement of the IpaD distal domain away from the protein core accompanied the binding of IpaB11-226. Together these new findings provide important new insight into the interactions and potential mechanisms that define the maturation of the Shigella T3SA needle tip complex and provide a foundation for further studies probing T3SS activation

Short-term salivary acetaldehyde increase due to direct exposure to alcoholic beverages as an additional cancer risk factor beyond ethanol metabolism

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>An increasing body of evidence now implicates acetaldehyde as a major underlying factor for the carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages and especially for oesophageal and oral cancer. Acetaldehyde associated with alcohol consumption is regarded as 'carcinogenic to humans' (IARC Group 1), with sufficient evidence available for the oesophagus, head and neck as sites of carcinogenicity. At present, research into the mechanistic aspects of acetaldehyde-related oral cancer has been focused on salivary acetaldehyde that is formed either from ethanol metabolism in the epithelia or from microbial oxidation of ethanol by the oral microflora. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of the acetaldehyde that is found as a component of alcoholic beverages as an additional factor in the aetiology of oral cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Salivary acetaldehyde levels were determined in the context of sensory analysis of different alcoholic beverages (beer, cider, wine, sherry, vodka, calvados, grape marc spirit, tequila, cherry spirit), without swallowing, to exclude systemic ethanol metabolism.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The rinsing of the mouth for 30 seconds with an alcoholic beverage is able to increase salivary acetaldehyde above levels previously judged to be carcinogenic in vitro, with levels up to 1000 μM in cases of beverages with extreme acetaldehyde content. In general, the highest salivary acetaldehyde concentration was found in all cases in the saliva 30 sec after using the beverages (average 353 μM). The average concentration then decreased at the 2-min (156 μM), 5-min (76 μM) and 10-min (40 μM) sampling points. The salivary acetaldehyde concentration depends primarily on the direct ingestion of acetaldehyde contained in the beverages at the 30-sec sampling, while the influence of the metabolic formation from ethanol becomes the major factor at the 2-min sampling point.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study offers a plausible mechanism to explain the increased risk for oral cancer associated with high acetaldehyde concentrations in certain beverages.</p

Reverse-Phase Phosphoproteome Analysis of Signaling Pathways Induced by Rift Valley Fever Virus in Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells

Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) infection is an emerging zoonotic disease endemic in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa and in Egypt. In this study we show that human small airway epithelial cells are highly susceptible to RVFV virulent strain ZH-501 and the attenuated strain MP-12. We used the reverse-phase protein arrays technology to identify phosphoprotein signaling pathways modulated during infection of cultured airway epithelium. ZH-501 infection induced activation of MAP kinases (p38, JNK and ERK) and downstream transcriptional factors [STAT1 (Y701), ATF2 (T69/71), MSK1 (S360) and CREB (S133)]. NF-κB phosphorylation was also increased. Activation of p53 (S15, S46) correlated with the increased levels of cleaved effector caspase-3, -6 and -7, indicating activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. RVFV infection downregulated phosphorylation of a major anti-apoptotic regulator of survival pathways, AKT (S473), along with phosphorylation of FOX 01/03 (T24/31) which controls cell cycle arrest downstream from AKT. Consistent with this, the level of apoptosis inhibitor XIAP was decreased. However, the intrinsic apoptotic pathway marker, caspase-9, demonstrated only a marginal activation accompanied by an increased level of the inhibitor of apoptosome formation, HSP27. Concentration of the autophagy marker, LC3B, which often accompanies the pro-survival signaling, was decreased. Cumulatively, our analysis of RVFV infection in lung epithelium indicated a viral strategy directed toward the control of cell apoptosis through a number of transcriptional factors. Analyses of MP-12 titers in challenged cells in the presence of MAPK inhibitors indicated that activation of p38 represents a protective cell response while ERK activation controls viral replication