46 research outputs found
RF Acquisition System Based on μTCA for Testing of High-Gradient Acceleration Cavities
The radio frequency (RF) laboratory hosted in the Corpuscular Physics Institute (IFIC) of the University of Valencia is designed to house a high-power and high-repetition-rate facility to test normal conduction RF accelerator cavities in the S-Band (2.9985 GHz) in order to perform R&D activities related to particle accelerator cavities. The system, which manages the entire process of RF signal generation, data acquisition and closed-loop control of the laboratory, is currently based on a modular and compact PXI platform system. This contribution details the development of a platform with similar features, but which is based on open architecture standards at both the hardware and software level. For this purpose, a complete system based on the μTCA platform has been developed. This new system must be able to work with accelerator cavities at other operating frequencies, such as 750 MHz, as well as to explore different options at firmware and software levels based on open-source codes
The Belle II vertex detector integration
Belle II DEPFET, PXD, and SVD Collaborations: et al.The Belle II experiment comes with a substantial upgrade of the Belle detector and will operate at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric ee collider with energies tuned to ϒ(4S) resonance s=10.588 GeV. The accelerator has successfully completed the first phase of commissioning in 2016 and the first electron–positron collisions in Belle II took place in April 2018. Belle II features a newly designed silicon vertex detector based on DEPFET pixel and double-sided strip layers. Currently, a subset of the vertex detector is installed (Phase 2 of the experiment). Installation of the full detector (Phase 3) will be completed by the end of 2018. This paper describes the Phase 2 arrangement of the Belle II silicon vertex detector, with focus on the interconnection of detectors and their integration with the software framework of Belle II. Alignment issues are discussed based on detector simulations and first acquired data.This work is supported by MSCA-RISE, European Union project JENNIFER (EU grant n. 644294), MEXT, Japan, WPI, and JSPS (Japan); ARC (Australia); BMWFW (Austria); MSMT, Czech Republic, GAUK 404316 (Czech Republic); AIDA-2020 (Germany); DAE, India and DST (India); INFN (Italy); NRF-2016K1A3A7A09005605 and RSRI (Korea); MNiSW (Poland); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany); and MINECO, Spain grant FPA2015-71292-C2-1-P (Spain)
Simulation of electron transport and secondary emission in a photomultiplier tube and experimental validation
[EN] The electron amplification and transport within a photomultiplier tube (PMT) has been investigated by
developing an in-house Monte Carlo simulation code. The secondary electron emission in the dynodes is
implemented via an effective electron model and the Modified Vaughan¿s model, whereas the transport is
computed with the Boris leapfrog algorithm. The PMT gain, rise time and transit time have been studied as a
function of supply voltage and external magnetostatic field. A good agreement with experimental measurements
using a Hamamatsu R13408-100 PMT was obtained. The simulations have been conducted following different
treatments of the underlying geometry: three-dimensional, two-dimensional and intermediate (2.5D). The
validity of these approaches is compared. The developed framework will help in understanding the behavior
of PMTs under highly intense and irregular illumination or varying external magnetic fields, as in the case
of prompt gamma-ray measurements during pencil-beam proton therapy; and aid in optimizing the design of
voltage dividers with behavioral circuit models.This work was supported by Conselleria de Educación, Investigación, Cultura y Deporte (Generalitat Valenciana) under grant numbers CDEIGENT/2019/011 and CDEIGENT/2021/012. P. Martín-Luna is supported by the Ministerio de Universidades (Gobierno de España), Spain under Grant Number FPU20/04958. We thank Hamamatsu (V. Sánchez, D. Castrillo) for technical support and guidance; R. Carrasco (IFIC) and P. Wohlfahrt (Siemens Healthineers) for the CT scanning; D. Calvo and D. Real (KM3net-IFIC) for their LED test platform, the electronics and maintenance services at IFIC for excellent support; and K. Albiol, J. V. Casaña-Copado, A. Gallas Torreira, E. Lemos Cid, G. Pausch, A. Pazos Álvarez, E. Pérez Trigo, S. Rit, A. Ros, J. Roser, J. Stein, J. L. Taín and R. Viegas for useful discussions.Martín-Luna, P.; Esperante, D.; Fernández Prieto, A.; Fuster-Martínez, N.; García Rivas, I.; Gimeno, B.; Ginestar Peiro, D.... (2024). Simulation of electron transport and secondary emission in a photomultiplier tube and experimental validation. Sensors and Actuators A Physical. 365:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2023.11485911036
High-Gradient RF laboratory at IFIC for medical applications
General interest has been shown over the last years for compact and more
affordable facilities for hadron-therapy. The High-Gradient (HG) know-how and
technology for normal-conducting accelerating RF (Radio-Frequency) electron
linac (linear accelerator) structures recently developed for projects such as
CLIC (CERN), has raised the achievable accelerating gradient from 20-30 MV/m up
to 100-120 MV/m. This gain has come through a better understanding of the
high-power RF vacuum arcs or breakdowns (BD) phenomena, the development of
quantitative HG RF design methods and refinements in fabrication techniques.
This can allow for more compact linacs also for protons, which is potentially
important in the new trend in hadron-therapy of using linacs able to provide
protons of 70-230 MeV or light ions of 100-400 MeV/u. Linacs are of particular
interest for medical applications because they can provide a high degree of
flexibility for treatment, such as running at 100-400 Hz pulse rate and
pulse-to-pulse beam energy (and intensity) variations. This kind of accelerator
is very well suited to treat moving organs with 4D multi-painting spot scanning
technique. HG operation is limited by the BD phenomena and is characterized by
the BD-Rate. New fresh structures initially operate at a reduced performance
and must be conditioned through extended high-power rf operation until the
maximum operational gradient is reached. This process is a time consuming, and
consequently costly task (> 350 million pulses) which is important to
understand and reduce. The IFIC HG-RF laboratory is designed to host a
high-power and high-repetition rate facility for testing S-Band (2.9985 GHz)
normal-conducting RF structures. This facility will allow the development, RF
conditioning and studies of the BD phenomena in HG structures.General interest has been shown over the last years for compact and more
affordable facilities for hadron-therapy. The High-Gradient (HG) know-how and
technology for normal-conducting accelerating RF (Radio-Frequency) electron
linac (linear accelerator) structures recently developed for projects such as
CLIC (CERN), has raised the achievable accelerating gradient from 20-30 MV/m up
to 100-120 MV/m. This gain has come through a better understanding of the
high-power RF vacuum arcs or breakdowns (BD) phenomena, the development of
quantitative HG RF design methods and refinements in fabrication techniques.
This can allow for more compact linacs also for protons, which is potentially
important in the new trend in hadron-therapy of using linacs able to provide
protons of 70-230 MeV or light ions of 100-400 MeV/u. Linacs are of particular
interest for medical applications because they can provide a high degree of
flexibility for treatment, such as running at 100-400 Hz pulse rate and
pulse-to-pulse beam energy (and intensity) variations. This kind of accelerator
is very well suited to treat moving organs with 4D multi-painting spot scanning
technique. HG operation is limited by the BD phenomena and is characterized by
the BD-Rate. New fresh structures initially operate at a reduced performance
and must be conditioned through extended high-power rf operation until the
maximum operational gradient is reached. This process is a time consuming, and
consequently costly task (> 350 million pulses) which is important to
understand and reduce. The IFIC HG-RF laboratory is designed to host a
high-power and high-repetition rate facility for testing S-Band (2.9985 GHz)
normal-conducting RF structures. This facility will allow the development, RF
conditioning and studies of the BD phenomena in HG structures
Analytical RF Pulse Heating Analysis for High Gradient Accelerating Structures
The main aim of this work is to present a simple
method, based on analytical expressions, for obtaining the
temperature increase due to the Joule effect inside the metallic
walls of an RF accelerating component. This technique relies
on solving the 1-D heat-transfer equation for a thick wall,
considering that the heat sources inside the wall are the ohmic
losses produced by the RF electromagnetic fields penetrating
the metal with finite electrical conductivity. Furthermore, it is
discussed how the theoretical expressions of this method can
be applied to obtain an approximation to the temperature
increase in realistic 3-D RF accelerating structures, taking as
an example the cavity of an RF electron photoinjector and
a traveling wave linac cavity. These theoretical results have
been benchmarked with numerical simulations carried out with
commercial finite-element method (FEM) software, finding good
agreement among them. Besides, the advantage of the analytical
method with respect to the numerical simulations is evidenced.
In particular, the model could be very useful during the design
and optimization phase of RF accelerating structures, where
many different combinations of parameters must be analyzed in
order to obtain the proper working point of the device, allowing
to save time and speed up the process. However, it must be
mentioned that the method described in this article is intended
to provide a quick approximation to the temperature increase in
the device, which of course is not as accurate as the proper 3-D
numerical simulations of the component.European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant 777431 (XLS CompactLight)Valencian Regional Government VALi+D Postdoctoral under Grant APOSTD/2019/155The main aim of this work is to present a simple
method, based on analytical expressions, for obtaining the
temperature increase due to the Joule effect inside the metallic
walls of an RF accelerating component. This technique relies
on solving the 1-D heat-transfer equation for a thick wall,
considering that the heat sources inside the wall are the ohmic
losses produced by the RF electromagnetic fields penetrating
the metal with finite electrical conductivity. Furthermore, it is
discussed how the theoretical expressions of this method can
be applied to obtain an approximation to the temperature
increase in realistic 3-D RF accelerating structures, taking as
an example the cavity of an RF electron photoinjector and
a traveling wave linac cavity. These theoretical results have
been benchmarked with numerical simulations carried out with
commercial finite-element method (FEM) software, finding good
agreement among them. Besides, the advantage of the analytical
method with respect to the numerical simulations is evidenced.
In particular, the model could be very useful during the design
and optimization phase of RF accelerating structures, where
many different combinations of parameters must be analyzed in
order to obtain the proper working point of the device, allowing
to save time and speed up the process. However, it must be
mentioned that the method described in this article is intended
to provide a quick approximation to the temperature increase in
the device, which of course is not as accurate as the proper 3-D
numerical simulations of the component
Flipped evaluation: herramientas online para la evaluación participativa
[EN] The evaluation of a subject is a fundamental part of the teaching-learning process and one of the main concerns of our students. This is a complex task that requires a lot of effort from the teacher. This is a growing effort in line with the increased weight of con-tinuous evaluation in the current educational system. In this work, different methodo-logies focused on maximizing the student’s performance are presented, thus minimizing the extra effort for the teacher in the evaluation process. We provide several examples of activities throught Moodle platform such as the workshop, glossary, databases, ques-tionnaires, etc. Some of them allow self-assessment once configured, whereas others promote the participation of students in the correction and/or evaluation.[ES] La evaluación de una asignatura es una parte fundamental del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y una de la que más preocupa a nuestros estudiantes. Se trata de una tarea compleja y que requiere un gran esfuerzo por parte del profesor. Un mayor esfuerzo que va parejo al incremento de la evaluación continua, una tendencia en el sistema educativo actual. En este trabajo se presentan diferentes metodologías que maximizan el rendimiento del alumno, tratando a su vez de minimizar el esfuerzo extra por parte del profesor en los procesos de corrección y evaluación. Se proporcionan diversos ejemplos de su uso mediante actividades disponibles en la plataforma Moodle como: taller, glosario, bases de datos, cuestionarios aleatorios, etc. Algunas de estas herramientas permiten la autoevaluación una vez configuradas, en otros casos se presentan metodologías que implican la participación del alumnado en la corrección y/o evaluación.Proyecto de innovación educativa “Explotación de las herramientas online de la Universitat de València para la evaluación a distancia de asignaturas en el área de ciencia” del curso 2020-21 (UV-SFPIE PID-1354708)Amorós López, J.; Ruescas Orient, A.; Esperante Pereira, D.; Girbés-Juan, V.; Fernandez-Moran, R.; Moreno Llácer, M.; Peréz-Suay, A.... (2021). Flipped evaluation: herramientas online para la evaluación participativa. En IN-RED 2021: VII Congreso de Innovación Edicativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 675-689. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2021.2021.13461OCS67568
Commissioning and performance of the Belle II pixel detector
Belle-II DEPFET and PXD Collaboration: et al.The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric e+ e- collider has completed a series of substantial upgrades and started collecting data in 2019. The experiment is expected to accumulate a data set of 50 ab−1 to explore new physics beyond the Standard Model at the intensity frontier. The pixel detector (PXD) of Belle II plays a key role in vertex determination. It has been developed using the DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) technology, which combines low power consumption in the active pixel area and low intrinsic noise with a very small material budget. In this paper, commissioning and performance of the PXD measured with first collision data are presented.This work is supported by MEXT, Japan, WPI, Japan, and JSPS (Japan); MSMT, GAUK 404316, MSCA-RISE project JENNIFER-2 (EU grant n. 822070) (Czech Republic); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany) and MINECO, Spain grant FPA2015-71292-C2-1-P (Spain).Peer reviewe
Proyecto cooperativo entre asignaturas de Ingeniería Electrónica
[EN] This article proposes a teaching innovation based on a common thread between the different
subjects involved in the third year of the Degree in Industrial Electronic Engineering at the
University of Valencia. For this purpose, a common multidisciplinary and cooperative
project has been designed that includes concepts taught in all the subjects of the course. The
teaching project consists of using an air levitator prototype as a reference platform on which
different activities have been proposed and carried out, independent of each other, but which
are directly related to the levitation system. As a main result, it is expected that students have
a global perspective of Electronic Engineering and understand that the concepts taught in
the different subjects of the course are interrelated and complementary.[ES] La innovación docente propuesta en el presente artículo tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de un hilo conductor entre las diferentes asignaturas involucradas en el tercer curso del Grado en Ingeniería Electrónica Industrial de la Universitat de València. Para ello, se ha diseñado un proyecto común multidisciplinar y cooperativo que engloba conceptos impartidos en todas las materias del curso. El proyecto docente consiste en utilizar un prototipo de levitador de aire como plataforma de referencia sobre la que se han propuesto y llevado a cabo diferentes actividades que podrían analizarse de forma independiente, pero que aquí se han integrado mostrando que todas contribuyen a diseñar y explicar el funcionamiento del sistema de levitación. Como principal resultado, se espera que los alumnos tengan una perspectiva global de la Ingeniería Electrónica y entiendan que los conceptos impartidos en las diferentes materias del curso están interrelacionados y son complementarios.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la Universitat de València a través del proyecto de innovación docente UV-SFPIE_PID-2077390.Girbés Juan, V.; Esperante Pereira, D.; Amorós López, J.; Espí Huerta, J.; Maset Sancho, E.; Ramírez Muñoz, D.; Calvo Díaz-Aldagalan, D.... (2023). Proyecto cooperativo entre asignaturas de Ingeniería Electrónica. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 166-177. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2023.2023.1663716617
Fomento del razonamiento crítico mediante la evaluación cruzada: estudio de casos en asignaturas de ciencias
[EN] The peer-reviewing process fosters the participation of students in class by means of the
evaluation of the activities carried out by their colleagues. In order for this procedure to
be successful, it is necessary to introduce the activity and motivate it properly, as well
as to define detailed and specific evaluation rubrics which gather all the learning goals.
This study summarizes and analyses several peer-reviewing application cases performed
during Sciences courses with the aim of detecting common patterns and differences between them. After comparing the grades obtained by following this process and reviewing
several surveys about it, it can be concluded that, although some marginal discrepancies
exist between the scores given by the professor and the students, their involvement in
the evaluation process has a positive impact in their perception of the learning level and
the adequacy of the evaluation system. In this way, the students are able to identify by
themselves the strong and weak aspects of their work, which results also in an increase
of their critical thinking. In addition, the final grade does not depend only on the criterion of the professor, but also on the interpretation of several previously established
criteria done by the participants in the activity.[ES] El procedimiento de evaluación cruzada fomenta la participación en clase de los estudiantes mediante la valoración de las actividades llevadas a cabo por sus compañeros. Para que sea útil, es necesario introducir la actividad y motivarla adecuadamente, así como definir rúbricas detalladas y concretas que recojan todos los objetivos de aprendizaje. Este estudio recopila diferentes casos de aplicación de evaluación cruzada en asignaturas de ciencias, en donde se analizan las particularidades de cada caso con la finalidad de analizar patrones comunes y diferencias, así como plantear mejoras en su aplicación futura. A través de comparativas de notas y encuestas al alumnado se demuestra que, aun existiendo ligeras discrepancias entre las calificaciones otorgadas por los alumnos y el profesor, el nivel de implicación del alumno en el proceso evaluador redunda positivamente en su percepción del nivel aprendizaje y la adecuación del sistema de evaluación. Así, el alumno es capaz de identificar por sí mismo los puntos fuertes y débiles de su trabajo, redundando en un mayor espíritu crítico. Por otra parte, la calificación no depende solo del criterio de una persona, sino de la interpretación de varias personas sobre unos criterios comunes previamente establecidos.*Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco del proyecto docente UV-SFPIE PID-1640839: “Docencia y evaluación a distancia: uso de herramientas propias de la UV y externas para mejorar la metodología docente en línea e híbrida en el área de ciencias”.Ruescas, A.; Fernandez-Morán, R.; Moreno-Llácer, M.; Fernández-Torres, M.; Amorós-López, J.; Adsuara, J.; Esperante, D.... (2022). Fomento del razonamiento crítico mediante la evaluación cruzada: estudio de casos en asignaturas de ciencias. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 314-326. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2022.2022.1587831432