Estudio molecular de una nueva cepa de morbillivirus de cetáceo aislada de un calderon tropical

El morbillivirus de cetáceo (CeMV) es el virus más patógeno de cetáceos. Comprende tres cepas cuyos nombres provienen de la especie de donde se aisló por primera vez: el morbillivirus de delfín (DMV), el morbillivirus de la marsopa (PMV) y el morbillivirus del calderón (PWMV). En este estudio se pretende completar la caracterización molecular de una nueva cepa de CeMV obtenida del encéfalo de un calderón tropical que varó muerto en las Islas Canarias, con lesiones compatibles con enfermedad por morbillivirus. La construcción de árboles filogenéticos con todas las especies de morbillivirus indicó una mayor homología con PWMV por lo que se propone llamar esta nueva cepa “PWMV II”. Además, en base a los árboles filogenéticos y una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica, se hace la propuesta de renombrar las tres cepas de CeMV en “CeMV-1” para el DMV, “CeMV-2” para el PMV y “CeMV-3” para el PWMV.Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is the most pathogenic virus in cetaceans. It includes three strains whose names refer to the species of odontocete from which it was initially isolated: Dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), Porpoise morbillivirus (PMV) and Pilot Whale morbillivirus (PWMV). The aim of this work was to complete a molecular characterization of a new strain of CeMV obtained from the brain of a short finned pilot whale stranded dead around Canary Islands with lesions compatible with morbilliviral disease. Phylogenetic trees including sequences of all the morbillivirus species have shown a higher homology with PWMV, so this strain is tentatively named “PWMV II”. Moreover, from the phylogenetic trees analysis and an exhaustive bibliographical review we propose new names for the CeMV strains:“CeMV-1” for DMV, “CeMV-2” for PMV and “CeMV-3” for PWMV

Plan Nacional Frente a la Resistencia a los Antibióticos Medioambiente (PRAN-MA) 2022. Informe 1.1

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pulmonary and systemic fungal infections in an Atlantic spotted dolphin and a Bryde’s whale, Brazil

We report the gross and microscopic findings and molecular identification of 2 cases of hyphate fungal infection in cetaceans from Brazil. The first case involved an adult male Atlantic spotted dolphin Stenella frontalis with localized pulmonary disease characterized by pyogranulomatous and necrotizing bronchopneumonia with intralesional hyphae. The second case involved an adult male Bryde's whale Balaenoptera edeni with orchitis, periorchitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis and pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia with intralesional hyphae. PCR analysis from the dolphin's lung yielded Aspergillus fumigatus, and the fungus from the whale's mesenteric lymph node showed the greatest identity to Nanniziopsis obscura and Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum These cases represent the first reports of pulmonary aspergillosis by A. fumigatus in an Atlantic spotted dolphin and systemic mycosis by a possibly novel Onygenales in marine mammals

Molecular identification and microscopic characterization of poxvirus in a Guiana dolphin and a common bottlenose dolphin, Brazil

The poxviruses identified in cetaceans are associated with characteristic tattoo or ring skin lesions. However, little is known regarding the prevalence and progression of these lesions and the molecular characterization of cetacean poxviruses in the Southern Hemisphere. This manuscript describes the progression of poxvirus-like skin lesions in 5 free-ranging Guiana dolphins Sotalia guianensis. Additionally, 151 skin samples from 113 free-ranging cetaceans from Brazil, including 4 animals with tattoo skin lesions, were selected for poxvirus testing. Poxviral DNA polymerase gene PCR amplification was used to detect the virus in β-actin-positive samples (145/151). DNA topoisomerase I gene PCR was then used in Cetaceanpoxvirus (CePV)-positive cases (n = 2), which were further evaluated by histopathology and electron microscopy. Based on photo-identification, adult Guiana dolphins presented regressing or healed poxvirus-like lesions (2/2), while juveniles presented persistent (2/3) or healed and progressive lesions (1/3). CePV DNA was amplified in a common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus and in a Guiana dolphin. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and viral particles consistent with poxvirus were identified by histology and electron microscopy, respectively. CePV-specific amino acid motifs were identified through phylogenetic analysis. Our findings corroborate previous studies that suggest the placement of poxviruses from cetaceans within the novel CePV genus. This is the first molecular identification of poxvirus in South American odontocetes

Can Suttonella ornithocola entail a potential hazard to songbirds? A systematic review

Passeriformes populations have experienced a marked decline in number during the last decades. Several infectious agents have been described as key factors for this population’s decrease, as they can cause mortal diseases like the recently reported Suttonella ornithocola. S. ornithocola is a bacterium from the Cardiobacteriaceae family that has been linked to several outbreaks. This systematic review aims to collect all the scientific information available about S. ornithocola to better understand its epidemiology and pathogenesis and to assess the potential hazard that it can pose to garden songbirds. Although it has been considered a respiratory pathogen, S. ornithocola has been isolated from several organs, suggesting a systemic pathogenesis. However, it has also been described as a normal taxon from the microbiota of some bird species. Therefore, further studies in healthy birds are necessary to establish if S. ornithocola is a primary pathogen or an opportunistic bacterium in songbirds.Sin financiación2.0 Q3 JCR 20220.558 Q2 SJR 2023No data IDR 202

Genetic comparison among dolphin morbillivirus in the 1990-1992 and 2006-2008 Mediterranean outbreaks

In 1990, dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) killed thousands of striped dolphins in the Mediterranean. Subsequently, the prevalence of the infection declined in this species. In 2006-2008, the virus killed not only numerous striped dolphins but also long-finned pilot whales. All partial sequences of the phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein genes obtained thus far from different host species during the 2006-2008 outbreak show 100% identity, suggesting that a single virus was involved, and these sequences are nearly identical to the 1990 Spanish strain. Here our first objective was to determine the sequence identity between the morbillivirus from the 2006-2008 outbreak and the 1990 Spanish strain by sequencing more extensive genomic regions of strains from one pilot whale and one striped dolphin stranded in 2007. The second objective was to investigate the relationship between the 1990 and 2007 strains by constructing a phylogenetic tree based on the phosphoprotein gene to compare several Cetacean morbilliviruses, and another tree based on the nearly complete genomes of Mediterranean DMV. The third objective was to identify the most variable regions in the DMV genomes.Results showed that the two 2007 Spanish strains were 99.9% identical over 9050. bp and should be considered the same virus, and that this virus is 99.3-99.4% similar to the 1990 Spanish strain. The phylogenetic trees, together with the common geographical area for the two outbreaks, suggest that the 2007 DMV strains evolved from the 1990 DMV strain. Pilot whales do not seem to have been exposed or infected during the 1990-1992 epidemic, since these populations appeared to be immunologically naïve in 2006-2008. Our results suggest that the virus may have evolved in striped dolphin populations prior to the 2006-2008 outbreak, after which it entered the long-finned pilot whale, perhaps aided by an alanine to valine mutation in the N-terminal domain of the fusion protein. © 2011 Elsevier B.V

Short communication. First report of black queen-cell virus detection in honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Spain

The black queen-cell virus (BQCV) is a RNA virus recently classified within the Family Dicistroviridae, genus Cripavirus. Although BQCV is found worldwide, it has never been previously reported in Spain in spite of the fact that this country is the main producer of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in the European Union. This study presents a clinical and laboratory description of a BQCV outbreak in honey bees within an apiary made up of 80 colonies in the province of Toledo (Spain). Mortality was associated with signs of diarrhoea, enlarged abdomen, oedema in the midgut, and distended rectum filled with a transparent liquid. The parasite Nosema apis has been reported in BQCV outbreaks. The acute clinical picture, with symptoms of diarrhoea and massive deaths of adult bees, could be related to the association between N. apis and the BQCV since, under normal circumstances, cases of nosemosis caused by N. apis reported in Spain over the last 10 years were always anecdotal and in chronic form, with no associated clinical symptoms whatsoever detected in the beehives. On the other hand, in cases of nosemosis linked to N. ceranae, the clinical symptoms are entirely different, with no evidence at all of diarrhoea and massive deaths around the beehive but only a progressive decrease in the population. The sample of adult bees was analysed by the polymerase chain reaction method for BQCV and a fragment of 700 bp sequenced (Acc. No. DQ132875). It was also noted that this sample had a high spore count of N. apis epidemiologically related to BQCV. The possible role of BQCV in the mortality and associated signs is discussed in this work.El virus de la realera negra (BQCV) es un virus RNA que ha sido recientemente clasificado dentro de la familia Dicistroviridae, género Cripavirus. Aunque BQCV se halla distribuido mundialmente, nunca había sido descrito con anterioridad en España, a pesar de ser este país el principal productor de abejas melíferas en la Unión Europea. En el presente estudio, se realiza una descripción clínica y laboratorial del brote de BQCV en un colmenar profesional compuesto por 80 colmenas ubicado en Toledo (España). Se observó mortalidad asociada a signos de diarrea, abdomen aumentado, edema en el ventrículo, y distensión del abdomen, relleno con líquido transparente. Este cuadro clínico agudo probablemente es debido a una potenciación de la acción patógena de Nosema apis por el citado virus, dado que en España, en los últimos 10 años, la nosemosis debida a N. apis se manifiesta exclusivamente de forma crónica, sin síntomas aparentes y sin mortalidad o debilidad asociada en las colmenas, a diferencia de la nosemosis debida a N. ceranae que provoca despoblamiento de las colmenas y muerte en un periodo variable de tiempo. La muestra de abejas adultas fue positiva a BQCV, mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, y se secuenció un fragmento de 700 pb (N.º acc. DQ132875). Esta muestra también poseía un elevado recuento de esporos de N. apis, microsporidio relacionado epidemiológicamente con BQCV. Se discute en el presente trabajo el posible papel de BQCV en la mortalidad y en los signos asociados

Widespread infection with hemotropic mycoplasmas in bats in Spain, including a hemoplasma closely related to "Candidatus Mycoplasma hemohominis"

Molecular analyses of blood samples revealed infection with hemoplasmas in 97% of 31 cave bats captured in three caves in North-Eastern Spain. The characterization of 1250. bp of the 16S rRNA gene in 29 of the positive bats identified two different groups of sequences. Twenty-two Schreibers' bats (Miniopterus schreibersii) and one long-eared bat (Myotis capaccinii) shared one group, composed of seven closely related sequences. These sequences showed an identity of about 97% with ". Candidatus Mycoplasma hemohominis" and the phylogenetic branch including bat and human sequences showed a 100% bootstrap value, supporting a close phylogenetic relationship between these hemoplasmas. The second group, representing a potentially novel species, was composed of a single sequence shared by six Schreibers' bats that had 91% identity with the recently reported hemoplasma from little brown bats in North America. Large bat aggregations in roosting caves probably benefits intra and inter-species transmission explaining the high observed prevalence. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd

Molecular diagnosis of lobomycosis-like disease in a bottlenose dolphin in captivity

We report the diagnosis and molecular characterization of lobomycosis-like lesions in a captive bottlenose dolphin. The clinical picture and the absence of growth in conventional media resembled the features associated with Lacazia loboi. However sequencing of ribosomal DNA and further phylogenetic analyses showed a novel sequence more related to Paracoccidioides brasilensis than to L. loboi. Moreover, the morphology of the yeast cells differed from those L. loboi causing infections humans. These facts suggest that the dolphin lobomycosis-like lesions might have been be caused by different a different fungus clustered inside the order Onygenales. A successful treatment protocol based on topic and systemic terbinafine is also detailed. © 2012 ISHAM

Molecular identification of a novel gammaherpesvirus in the endangered Darwin's fox (Lycalopex fulvipes)

We report the detection and characterization of a novel gammaherpesvirus in the critically endangered Darwin's fox (Lycalopex fulvipes; syn. Pseudalopex fulvipes) on Chiloé Island, Chile. Out of 28 analysed blood samples stored in alcohol, four were positive for this herpesvirus using a previously described pan-herpesvirus PCR assay targeting the herpesvirus DNA polymerase. Positive samples were subsequently characterized by means of a PCR targeting a 500 bp fragment of the glycoprotein B of the gammaherpesviruses. This novel herpesvirus was most closely related to other gammaherpesviruses from terrestrial carnivores, and is tentatively named Darwin's fox gammaherpesvirus. No apparent lesions were observed in the surveyed foxes. This is the first report of a gammaherpesvirus infecting a canid worldwide, and also of one infecting a carnivore from South America. © 2013 SGM