Carriers—Collection of Charges—Estoppel; Community Property—Effect of Commingling; Contract for Payment of Wages—Statutory Interpretation; Conversion—Measure of Damages; Evidence—Expert Witnesses—Opinion on the Ultimate Fact; Habitual Criminal—Void Sentence—Discharge Procedure; Workmen\u27s Compensation—Appeal—Review—Jury Trials

Short summaries of recent cases

The discontinuous Galerkin method for fractional degenerate convection-diffusion equations

We propose and study discontinuous Galerkin methods for strongly degenerate convection-diffusion equations perturbed by a fractional diffusion (L\'evy) operator. We prove various stability estimates along with convergence results toward properly defined (entropy) solutions of linear and nonlinear equations. Finally, the qualitative behavior of solutions of such equations are illustrated through numerical experiments

The production of trust during organizational change

This paper investigates the relationships between organizational change and trust in management. It is argued that organizational change represents a critical episode for the production and destruction of trust in management. Although trust in management is seen as a semi stable psychological state, changes in organizations make trust issues salient and organizational members attend to and process trust relevant information resulting in a reassessment of their trust in management. The direction and magnitude of change in trust is dependent on a set of change dimensions that reflect trust relevant experiences and information. We distinguish between dimensions related to trust relevant consequences of the change and trust relevant aspects of how the change process is performed. Empirical results indicate that increases in post change emotional stress and the use of referential accounts for justifying change are both negatively related to post change trust in management. The use of ideological accounts and participation were found to be positively related to post change trust in management, so was perceived decision quality. Findings also indicate that the effects of change on trust are negatively moderated by tenure

Fully adaptive multiresolution schemes for strongly degenerate parabolic equations with discontinuous flux

A fully adaptive finite volume multiresolution scheme for one-dimensional strongly degenerate parabolic equations with discontinuous flux is presented. The numerical scheme is based on a finite volume discretization using the Engquist--Osher approximation for the flux and explicit time--stepping. An adaptivemultiresolution scheme with cell averages is then used to speed up CPU time and meet memory requirements. A particular feature of our scheme is the storage of the multiresolution representation of the solution in a dynamic graded tree, for the sake of data compression and to facilitate navigation. Applications to traffic flow with driver reaction and a clarifier--thickener model illustrate the efficiency of this method

A test of migratory coupling in the salmon-trout predator-prey complex of a subarctic fjord

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts are vulnerable to predators during their seaward migration. To determine whether sea trout (Salmo trutta) exhibit a coupled migration to exploit the smolt run, we tracked Atlantic salmon smolts exiting the Vosso River in 2012 (n = 40) and 2013 (n = 50) as well as sea trout tagged in 2012 (n = 40) within an array of acoustic receivers. Spatial survival analysis was used to investigate patterns in smolt mortality, revealing no difference in survival between 2012 and 2013. In both years, losses were greatest in the rivers and their estuaries compared with the inner and outer fjord areas. Sea trout were predominantly detected in the area used by smolts in autumn, after the spring smolt run concluded and coinciding with the spawning migration of sea trout. High rates of smolt mortality merit further investigation to resolve low smolt survival in this region.publishedVersio

Overlapping Domain Decomposition and Multigrid Methods for Inverse Problems

Introduction This work continues our earlier investigations [2], [3] and [8]. The intention is to develop efficient numerical solvers to recover the diffusion coefficient, using observations of the solution u, from the elliptic equation \Gammar \Delta (q(x)ru) = f(x) in\Omega ; u = 0 on @\Omega : (1) Our emphasis is on the numerical treatment of discontinuous coefficient and efficiency of the numerical methods. It is well known that such an inverse problem is illposed. Its numerical solution often suffers from undesirable numerical oscillation and very slow convergence. When the coefficient is smooth, successful numerical methods have been developed in [5] [7]. When the coefficient has large jumps, the numerical problem is much

COASTWATCH'95: ERS 1/2 SAR detection of natural film on the ocean surface

Ocean mesoscale phenomena such as eddies and current convergence zones can often be seen in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images due to characteristic patterns caused by natural film induced damping of the waves. Such films have also been found to exert a significant effect on air-sea gas exchange, which may be important for the global scale climate system. Satellite SAR may prove very useful to quantify the extent of natural film. To investigate the composition of these films and their effect on radar return, we compared samples of the sea surface with ERS 1/2 SAR images of coastal ocean areas during the COASTWATCH’95 experiment. Simultaneous observations were made with a shipmounted C band dual-polarized Doppler radar, and surface drifters were deployed to investigate the surface current variations in the vicinity of different slicks (areas where the short surface waves sensed by a radar are damped). One confirmed case of natural film was thus verified to be caused by a convergence zone. The study also showed that the films investigated during COASTWATCH’95 were generally less concentrated and originated from marine organisms, compared to the films with terrestrial influences found in a previous experiment in a fjord [Espedal et al., 1996]. The dependence of the existence of the films on wind speed is also investigated, and an estimate of natural film distribution during the experiment period is given, using a total of 71 ERS 1/2 SAR images collected over the same coastal area under a variety of wind conditions. Up to 40% natural film coverage was found for 2.5 m/s wind speeds, while already at 5–10 m/s all SAR imagery had under 5% film coverage

A test of migratory coupling in the salmon-trout predator-prey complex of a subarctic fjord

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts are vulnerable to predators during their seaward migration. To determine whether sea trout (Salmo trutta) exhibit a coupled migration to exploit the smolt run, we tracked Atlantic salmon smolts exiting the Vosso River in 2012 (n = 40) and 2013 (n = 50) as well as sea trout tagged in 2012 (n = 40) within an array of acoustic receivers. Spatial survival analysis was used to investigate patterns in smolt mortality, revealing no difference in survival between 2012 and 2013. In both years, losses were greatest in the rivers and their estuaries compared with the inner and outer fjord areas. Sea trout were predominantly detected in the area used by smolts in autumn, after the spring smolt run concluded and coinciding with the spawning migration of sea trout. High rates of smolt mortality merit further investigation to resolve low smolt survival in this region