Estudio comparativo de los temas en *-u en griego y latín

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo ilustrar el comportamiento en la morfología nominal de los temas en *-u en griego ―prestando mayor atención al dialecto jónico-ático― y en latín, tomando como punto de partida la lengua indoeuropea siguiendo los métodos de la lingüística histórico-comparada y dando cabida a varias de las principales teorías que se han posicionado con respecto a este tema. Unos cuadros ilustrativos se sucederán a lo largo del trabajo con el propósito de dar cuenta de los ajustes y modificaciones que conllevó la introducción de estos temas heredados del indoeuropeo por parte del griego y el latín a sus respectivos sistemas morfológicos nominales. La cuestión será abordada en todo momento con arreglo a la lingüística diacrónica, es decir, tomando como referencia los criterios históricos. Así pues, la explicación de los múltiples tipos de sustantivos y adjetivos en *-u a que dio lugar la incorporación este tipo de temas a las lenguas clásicas vendrá acompañada de sus correspondientes ejemplos en los paradigmas más recurrentes en las gramáticas al uso, a modo de reflejo de la explicación. Una primera sección se destinará a determinar el rango fonético-fonológico que poseía *-u en indoeuropeo, griego y latín siguiendo las principales teorías, una segunda sección ilustrará el comportamiento de los temas en *-u en griego y una tercera sección lo reflejará en latín. Se precisará allí donde ambas lenguas coincidan o difieran en una determinada formación de interés para la cuestión

Alpha lipoic acid efficacy in burning mouth syndrome: a controlled clinical trial

Background: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and determine the statistical significance of the outcome variables. Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as an oral burning sensation in the absence of clinical signs which could justify the syndrome. Recent studies suggest the existence of neurological factors as a possible cause of the disease. Material and Methods: 60 patients with BMS, in two groups: case group with 600 mg/day and placebo as control group; with follow up of 2 months. Results: 64% of ALA patients reported some level of improvement, with a level of maintenance of 68.75% one month after treatment. 27.6% of the placebo group also demonstrated some reduction in BMS symptoms. Conclusions: Long-term evolution and the intensity of symptoms are variables that reduce the probability of improvement with ALA treatmen

Insights into the structure of MoS2/WS2 nanomaterial catalysts as revealed by aberration corrected STEM

Molybdenum disulfide/Tungsten disulphide (MoS2/WS2) is a compound very useful for its properties; it is used as lubricant, catalyst in hydrodesulfuration, in hydrogen fuel storage, etc. As part of the 2nd Joint Congress of the Portuguese and Spanish Microscopy Societies the present work reports about the different types of MoS2/WS2 nanomaterials which have been investigated by using aberration corrected STEM namely: (1) MoS2 nanotubes (2) MoS2 hexagonal nanoplates, (3) rippled or helical MoS2 nanowires, (4) Co-doped MoS2/WS2 nanowires and (5) fullerene-like WS2 nanoparticle

Efectos del consumo de alcohol etílico en la cavidad oral: relación con el cáncer oral

El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas se encuentra asociado desde un punto de vista epidemiológico con un riesgo aumentado de desarrollar cáncer del tracto gastrointestinal superior. La realización de estudios que establezcan esa asociación resulta complicada, debido tanto a la confluencia de varios factores de riesgo en una misma persona, por ejemplo alcohol y tabaco, como a la falta de datos que puedan ser comprobables por el clínico. Por ello no se conoce con exactitud cual es el mecanismo patogénico responsable de este aumento de riesgo, ya que el etanol per se no ha demostrado ser carcinógeno. Se han propuesto distintas hipótesis que tratan de explicar como el etanol, ya sea por vía local o sistémica puede actuar como factor de riesgo en el desarrollo de un cáncer oral. Este trabajo supone una revisión de la situación actual de los potenciales mecanismos patogénicos, dividiéndolos en efectos locales y sistémicos. Dentro de los primeros se hace especial referencia a la alteración de la permeabilidad de la mucosa oral, a la acción del acetaldehído y al papel de los retinoidesIn an epidemiologic point of view the consumption of alcoholic beverages is found to be associated to an increased risk for developing an upper gastrointestinal tract cancer. The relation of the studies that establish this connection is complicated due to both the confluence of various risk factors within the same person such as alcohol and tobacco, and to the lack of data that can be verifiable by the clinician. For this reason the exact pathogenic mechanism responsible for this increase of risk is not known since ethanol per se was not confirmed to be carcinogenic. Different hypotheses have been proposed, explaining how ethanol, by oral or systemic route, can act as a risk factor for the development of oral cancer. This article serves as a review of the actual situation of the potential pathogenic mechanisms, dividing them in local and systemic effects. Within the aforementioned special reference is made on the alteration of the oral mucosa permeability, the action of acetaldehyde and the role of retinoids

Improving the thermal performance of indirect evaporative cooling by using a wet fabric device on a concrete roof in hot and humid climates

This study investigated an indirect evaporative cooling system (IECS) to control latent heat loss on roof ponds by increasing the evaporation rates on wet fabric membranes. The cooling potential of the proposed system was experimentally tested in a real environment and it was compared against a roof pond and a floating fiber (gunny bags) to provide an efficient model for buildings in hot and humid climates. Dry bulb temperatures (DBT) are presented for four experimental models. Solar irradiance, ambient and indoor dry bulb temperatures, and relative humidity (RH) were measured for seven days in each of the following climate conditions: hot sub-humid (mean DBT 27.3 °C and mean RH 72%), hot humid (mean DBT 27.1 °C and mean RH 81%), and warm sub-humid (mean DBT 25.2°C and mean RH 68%). There were no significant variations in thermal performance between the examined devices under hot humid conditions; however, the wet fabric device had superior thermal performance under sub-humid conditions when compared to the other IECSs. In the three climatic scenarios where the proposed system was tested, the wet fabric managed to reduce the indoor air temperature by 6.6 °C, 5.3 °C, and 5.1 °C, respectively, as compared to the outdoor air temperatures

Central venous-catheter related bacteremia: incidence and risk factors in a hospital in western Mexico

AbstractBackgroundCentral venous catheters (CVC) are needed for monitoring and treatment of critically ill patients; however, their use increases the risk of bacteremia. The aim of the study was to quantify the incidence of central venous catheter-related bacteremia (CVCRB) and to identify factors associated with this infection.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in a concentration hospital of western Mexico. The association of CVCRB and study variables was investigated using multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsTwo hundred and four patients with CVC were studied. The mean age was 4.6 years; 66.2% were male. Insertion sites of the catheters were subclavian vein 72.5% (n = 148), jugular vein 20.1% (n = 41) and femoral vein 7.4% (n = 15). CVCRB incidence was 6.5 events/1,000 catheter-days; microorganisms identified were gram-positive cocci 37.5% (n = 6), gram-negative bacilli 37.5% (n = 6) and Candida albicans 25% (n = 4). It was observed that the increase in catheter manipulations per day was associated with bacteremia (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.23), whereas the use of intravenous antibiotics showed a protective effect (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76–0.92).ConclusionsIn addition to the strategies of maximum caution when placing or manipulating the catheter, we recommend decreasing, as much as possible, disconnects between the CVC and the infusion line. Antibiotics showed a protective effect, but the outcome is uncertain and the promotion of antimicrobial resistance should be considered

Tratamiento farmacológico para COVID-19 en protocolos latinoamericanos: Una revisión narrativa de la eficacia y seguridad

Introduction: The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has put the global scientific community in an accelerated pace of research for an effective treatment for COVID-19. Objective: To identify and evaluate drugs in Latin American protocols of pharmacological treatment for COVID-19. Method: The evidence and mega trial results available to date on the most frequent medications are analyzed. Results: The most common drugs in national protocols are hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and remdesivir. None of the drugs that collect the most data from clinical studies, with the except for dexamethasone in a small subgroup of patients, so far showed significant differences in mortality. Conclusions: The emerging situation of COVID-19 has determined hasty and controversial decision-making based on questionable and/or low-quality studies. This highlights the provisional nature of the information and the possibility of generating changes as more results become available. Advance medication authorization exposes a known problem. Although regulatory agility is required at this time, speed should not overlap with basic ethical standards and trust in evidence.TÍTULO PT: Tratamento farmacológico para COVID-19 em protocolos latinoamerica: uma revisão narrativa da eficácia e da segurança Introducción: La pandemia causada por el SARS-Cov-2 ha puesto a la comunidad científica mundial en ritmo acelerado de investigación y busca por un tratamiento efectivo para COVID-19. Objetivo: Identificar y evaluar medicamentos en protocolos latinoamericanos de tratamiento farmacológico para el COVID-19. Método: Se analiza la evidencia y resultados de mega ensayo disponibles hasta la fecha sobre los medicamentos más frecuentes. Resultados: Los medicamentos más frecuentes en protocolos nacionales son hidroxicloroquina, lopinavir/ritonavir y remdesivir. Ninguno de los medicamentos que recopilan mayor cantidad de datos provenientes de estudios clínicos, a excepción de la dexametasona en un subgrupo reducido de pacientes, mostró, hasta el momento, diferencias significativas en la mortalidad. Conclusión: La situación emergente de la COVID-19 ha determinado la toma de decisiones apresuradas y controversiales con base a estudios cuestionables y/o de baja calidad. Esto pone de relieve el carácter provisorio de la información y la posibilidad de generar cambios a medida que se dispongan de más resultados. La autorización anticipada de medicamentos expone un problema conocido. A pesar de que la agilidad regulatoria es necesaria en este momento, la velocidad no debe sobreponerse a los patrones básicos éticos y de confianza en la evidencia.Título PT: Tratamento farmacológico para COVID-19 em protocolos Latinoamérica: Uma revisão narrativa da eficácia e da segurança Introducción: La pandemia causada por el SARS-Cov-2 ha puesto a la comunidad científica mundial en ritmo acelerado de investigación y busca por un tratamiento efectivo para COVID-19. Objetivo: Identificar y evaluar medicamentos en protocolos latinoamericanos de tratamiento farmacológico para el COVID-19. Método: Se analiza la evidencia y resultados de mega ensayo disponibles hasta la fecha sobre los medicamentos más frecuentes. Resultados: Los medicamentos más frecuentes en protocolos nacionales son hidroxicloroquina, lopinavir/ritonavir y remdesivir. Ninguno de los medicamentos que recopilan mayor cantidad de datos provenientes de estudios clínicos, a excepción de la dexametasona en un subgrupo reducido de pacientes, mostró, hasta el momento, diferencias significativas en la mortalidad. Conclusiones: La situación emergente de la COVID-19 ha determinado la toma de decisiones apresuradas y controversiales con base en estudios cuestionables y/o de baja calidad. Esto pone de relieve el carácter provisorio de la información y la posibilidad de generar cambios a medida que se dispongan de más resultados. La autorización anticipada de medicamentos expone un problema conocido. A pesar de que la agilidad regulatoria es necesaria en este momento, la velocidad no debe sobreponerse a los patrones básicos éticos y de confianza en la evidencia

Management of Constipation in Children Under 6 Years

Introducción: El estreñimiento pediátrico, es una de las principales causas de consulta en el área de pediatría; es un síntoma que se define como “la dificultad para vaciar de manera completa y placentera el contenido del recto” y para fines etiológicos es un síndrome. Se estima que la prevalencia mundial del estreñimiento en pacientes pediátricos es de 0.7 al 29.6%, con predominio en el sexo femenino. Objetivo: Se analizó el Manejo del Estreñimiento en niños menores de 6 años, durante el año 2022, en la UMF 9, IMSS, Villa Frontera, Coahuila, México. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo de diseño observacional, retrospectivo. Se estudiaron 48 niños a través de expedientes clínicos y se identificaron pautas higiénico dietéticas, actividad física y farmacológica acorde a la edad del paciente. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva para su análisis. Resultados: Se obtuvo una frecuencia de 60.4% para las medidas higiénico dietéticas únicas, 18.8% para las medidas acompañadas del envío a 2do nivel de atención, 10.4% para tratamiento con Psyllium Plántago y medidas higiénico dietéticas, 4.2% para el tratamiento con senósidos AB y medidas higiénico dietéticas. Conclusiones: El principal manejo, fue la modificación de los hábitos higiénicos dietéticos como lo es: dieta rica en frutas y fibra, una ingesta de agua, actividad física; en niños que ya van al baño se recomienda que se sienten en el inodoro después de la comida hasta 5 minutos, y con el apoyo de un banquito para promover el pujo. Introduction: Pediatric constipation is one of the main causes of consultation in the pediatric area; it is a symptom that is defined as "the difficulty to completely and pleasantly empty the contents of the rectum" and for etiological purposes it is a syndrome. It is estimated that the worldwide prevalence of constipation in pediatric patients is from 0.7 to 29.6%, with predominance in the female sex. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the Management of Constipation in children under 6 years of age, during the year 2022, at UMF 9, IMSS, Villa Frontera, Coahuila, Mexico. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, observational design study was carried out. Forty-eight children were studied through clinical records and hygienic, dietary, physical activity and pharmacological guidelines were identified according to the patient's age. Descriptive statistics were applied for analysis. Results: A frequency of 60.4% was obtained for single hygienic dietary measures, 18.8% for measures accompanied by referral to 2nd level of care, 10.4% for treatment with Psyllium plantain and hygienic dietary measures, 4.2% for treatment with AB sennosides and hygienic dietary measures. Conclusions: The main management, was the modification of hygienic dietary habits such as: diet rich in fruits and fiber, a water intake, physical activity; in children who already go to the toilet it is recommended that they sit on the toilet after the meal for up to 5 minutes, and with the support of a stool to promote pushing.&nbsp

Antibodies to endothelial cells in Behçet's disease: cell-binding heterogeneity and association with clinical activity

OBJECTIVES--To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of antibodies to endothelial cells (aEC) from large vessel and from microvasculature in a group of patients with Behçet's disease (BD) to determine the relationship of these antibodies with clinical and laboratory features of the disease. METHODS--Thirty patients with BD were prospectively and consecutively studied. The aEC were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein (large vessel) as well as from retroperitoneal adipose tissue (microvasculature). RESULTS--Fifteen patients (50%) had aEC, either directed to large vessel [8(26%) patients] or microvascular [13(43%) patients] endothelial cells. The percentage of active patients was significantly higher in the aEC-positive group [12(80%) patients] compared with the aEC-negative group [5(33%) patients] (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS--Patients with BD have a high prevalence of aEC when microvascular endothelial cells are used in the assay. These antibodies seem to be a marker of disease activity in this condition, previously considered as negative for autoantibodies

Atomic surface segregation and structural characterization of PdPt bimetallic nanoparticles

"Bimetallic nanoparticles are of interest since they lead to many interesting electrical, chemical, catalytic, and optical properties. They are particularly important in the field of catalysis since they show superior catalytic properties than their monometallic counterparts. The structures of bimetallic nanoparticles depend mainly on the synthesis conditions and the miscibility of the two components. In this work, PdPt alloyed-bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through the polyol method, and characterized using spherical aberration (Cs) corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF)-STEM images of bimetallic nanoparticles were obtained. The contrast of images shows that nanoparticles have an alloy structure with an average size of 8.2 nm. Together with the characterization of nanoparticles, a systematic molecular dynamics simulations study focused on the structural stability and atomic surface segregation trends in 923-atom PdPt alloyed-bimetallic NPs was carried out.