The Privatization Process of Early Childhood Education within the Scope of Fundeb

Este artigo desvela o processo de privatização na educação infantil por meio do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (Fundeb) em duas capitais: Campo Grande (MS) e Porto Alegre (RS) de 2009 a 2020. Trabalhamos com a legislação educacional, dados do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação, dados do Laboratório de Políticas Educacionais da UFPR, dados dos sistemas de ensino nas respectivas capitais e material de imprensa. Constatamos que os dois casos apresentaram, no período em tela, processos distintos no que tange ao processo de privatização da educação infantil por meio do Fundeb.This paper reveals the privatization process of early childhood education through the Fund for Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and Valorization of Education Professionals (Fundeb) in two capitals: Campo Grande (MS) and Porto Alegre (RS) between 2009 and 2020. We have worked based on the educational legislation, data from the National Fund for the Development of Education, data from the UFPR educational policies laboratory, data from the educational systems from both capitals and press material. We verified during the period of the research that both cases had different processes regarding the early childhood privatization process through the Fundeb

The privatization process of early childhood education within the scope of Fundeb

Este artigo desvela o processo de privatização na educação infantil por meio do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (Fundeb) em duas capitais: Campo Grande (MS) e Porto Alegre (RS) de 2009 a 2020. Trabalhamos com a legislação educacional, dados do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação, dados do Laboratório de Políticas Educacionais da UFPR, dados dos sistemas de ensino nas respectivas capitais e material de imprensa. Constatamos que os dois casos apresentaram, no período em tela, processos distintos no que tange ao processo de privatização da educação infantil por meio do Fundeb.This paper reveals the privatization process of early childhood education through the Fund for Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and Valorization of Education Professionals (Fundeb) in two capitals: Campo Grande (MS) and Porto Alegre (RS) between 2009 and 2020. We have worked based on the educational legislation, data from the National Fund for the Development of Education, data from the UFPR educational policies laboratory, data from the educational systems from both capitals and press material. We verified during the period of the research that both cases had different processes regarding the early childhood privatization process through the Fundeb

Potentials of three-dimensional versus two-dimensional models in project compatibilization

Quanto mais complexas as edificações, maior o nível de detalhes do seu projeto. E, nos padrões tradicionais de desenvolvimento de projeto, quanto maior esta complexidade, maior é a probabilidade de incompatibilidades entre suas disciplinas. Estas incompatibilidades causam problemas na execução da obra, com consequentes atrasos e prejuízos. No Brasil, não é comum ocorrer a compatibilização de projetos. E, quando essa ocorre, é feita com projetos bidimensionais. Este método de análise pode ter limitações e deixar passar inconsistências que, provavelmente, seriam identificadas em três ou mais dimensões. Então, este artigo propõe uma análise comparativa entre os métodos de compatibilização bidimensional e tridimensional para verificar a eficácia de ambos. Para isto, compara-se o projeto de uma edificação residencial que foi compatibilizado por uma empresa em duas dimensões no software Autodesk Autocad 2017 com o modelo tridimensional desenvolvido pelos autores desse mesmo projeto no software Autodesk Revit 2016. Como resultado, apontam-se as incompatibilidades entre disciplinas do projeto.The more complex are the buildings, more details their project must have. In the usual pattern of designing, when the complexity of the project increases, the incompatibility increases too, which causes problems on construction sites, delays and losses. In Brazil, the project compatibilization is not usual, and when it happens, it occurs in two-dimensional way. This method may have limitations and could permit inconsistencies that would probably be identified in three or more dimensions. This article proposes to compare two compatibilizations method, one of them in a two-dimensional model and the other one in three-dimensional model to verify their efficiency. For this, it was compared the project of a house that was compatibilized in a two-dimensional way using the software Autodesk Autocad 2017 and a three-dimensional model of the same project, made by the authors, using the software Autodesk Revit 2016. As a result, incompatibilities between the projects are appointed

The National System of Education and the National Plan for Education : notes on conceptualization, the public/private relationship, and financing

Problematiza as articulações entre o Sistema Nacional de Educação (SNE) e o Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE 2011-2020), analisando a legislação educacional e os documentos da Conferência Nacional de Educação (Conae 2010), cotejados com as fontes secundárias. Nesse processo, destacam-se três contradições: a primeira inclui a definição acerca do que seria o SNE; a segunda, as relações entre público e privado, mostrando a ascendência deste último na política educacional; e a terceira abrange o financiamento, revelando um Estado que atende o mercado e administra com escassez monetária.The paper deals with the articulations between the National System of Education (SNE) and the National Plan for Education (PNE 2011-2020), by analyzing the educational legislation and documents from Conae 2010, and by comparing them with secondary sources. Three contradictions are highlighted in the process. The first one includes the definition of the SNE. The second one shows the relationships between public and private, with an indication that the latter influences on educational policies. The third contradiction refers to financing, and unveils the fact that the State meets the market demands and administers with monetary scarcity

A nature-inspired design yields a new class of steroids against trypanosomatids

This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Discovery for Neglected DiseasesChagas disease and Leishmaniasis are neglected endemic protozoan diseases recognized as public health problems by the World Health Organization. These diseases affect millions of people around the world however, efficient and low-cost treatments are not available. Different steroid molecules with antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity were isolated from diverse organisms (ticks, plants, fungi). These molecules have complex structures that make de novo synthesis extremely difficult. In this work, we designed new and simpler compounds with antiparasitic potential inspired in natural steroids and synthesized a series of nineteen steroidal arylideneketones and thiazolidenehydrazines. We explored their biological activity against Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in vivo. We also assayed their genotoxicity and acute toxicity in vitro and in mice. The best compound, a steroidal thiosemicarbazone compound 8 (ID_1260) was active in vitro (IC50 200 nM) and in vivo (60% infection reduction at 50 mg/kg) in Leishmania and T. cruzi. It also has low toxicity in vitro and in vivo (LD50 >2000 mg/kg) and no genotoxic effects, being a promising compound for anti-trypanosomatid drug development

Study protocol for the multicentre cohorts of Zika virus infection in pregnant women, infants, and acute clinical cases in Latin America and the Caribbean: The ZIKAlliance consortium

Background: The European Commission (EC) Horizon 2020 (H2020)-funded ZIKAlliance Consortium designed a multicentre study including pregnant women (PW), children (CH) and natural history (NH) cohorts. Clinical sites were selected over a wide geographic range within Latin America and the Caribbean, taking into account the dynamic course of the ZIKV epidemic. Methods: Recruitment to the PW cohort will take place in antenatal care clinics. PW will be enrolled regardless of symptoms and followed over the course of pregnancy, approximately every 4 weeks. PW will be revisited at delivery (or after miscarriage/abortion) to assess birth outcomes, including microcephaly and other congenital abnormalities according to the evolving definition of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). After birth, children will be followed for 2 years in the CH cohort. Follow-up visits are scheduled at ages 1-3, 4-6, 12, and 24 months to assess neurocognitive and developmental milestones. In addition, a NH cohort for the characterization of symptomatic rash/fever illness was designed, including follow-up to capture persisting health problems. Blood, urine, and other biological materials will be collected, and tested for ZIKV and other relevant arboviral diseases (dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever) using RT-PCR or serological methods. A virtual, decentralized biobank will be created. Reciprocal clinical monitoring has been established between partner sites. Substudies of ZIKV seroprevalence, transmissio

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

O Processo de Privatização da Educação Infantil no Âmbito do Fundeb

This paper reveals the privatization process of early childhood education through the Fund for Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and Valorization of Education Professionals (Fundeb) in two capitals: Campo Grande (MS) and Porto Alegre (RS) between 2009 and 2020. We have worked based on the educational legislation, data from the National Fund for the Development of Education, data from the UFPR educational policies laboratory, data from the educational systems from both capitals and press material. We verified during the period of the research that both cases had different processes regarding the early childhood privatization process through the Fundeb.Este artigo desvela o processo de privatização na educação infantil por meio do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (Fundeb) em duas capitais: Campo Grande (MS) e Porto Alegre (RS) de 2009 a 2020. Trabalhamos com a legislação educacional, dados do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação, dados do Laboratório de Políticas Educacionais da UFPR, dados dos sistemas de ensino nas respectivas capitais e material de imprensa. Constatamos que os dois casos apresentaram, no período em tela, processos distintos no que tange ao processo de privatização da educação infantil por meio do Fundeb

Building design process models and the potential of BIM tools

Estudos apontam que o processo de projeto de edificações nas empresas é praticado comumente de forma linear. Como consequência, tem-se incompatibilidades entre as disciplinas do projeto. Progressivamente, visando este problema, novas tecnologias no desenvolvimento de projetos, especialmente o Building Information Modeling (BIM), vem exigindo alterações em como se pensa e se faz o projeto. Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida para trabalho de conclusão de curso e seu objetivo é demonstrar como a simultaneidade e a integração de atividades no desenvolvimento de projetos já era proposta em diversas publicações acadêmicas nacionais relevantes antes da popularização das ferramentas BIM. Este estudo elabora uma comparação de modelos teóricos de processo de projeto de edificações desenvolvidos entre os anos 1990 e 2000. As etapas do processo de cada modelo são organizadas e equiparadas, identificando suas semelhanças e diferenças. O resultado desta análise permite notar como as ferramentas BIM podem propiciar a prática destes modelos.Studies show that the building design process in the market is commonly practiced in a linear way. As consequence, there are incompatibilities among the design’s disciplines. Progressively, aiming this issue, new technologiesin the design development, especially the Building Information Modeling (BIM), has been demanding changes in the way to do and to think the design. The article objective is to demonstrate that the simultaneity and the activities integration in the design development were proposed in various national academical publications even before the popularization of the BIM tools. This study elaborates a comparison of building design process theoretical models developed in the 90’s and the 00’s. Each model’s processes steps are organized and equated, identifying their resemblances and differences. This analysis’ result allows to notice how the BIM tools can propitiate those models practice