19 research outputs found

    Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions and Global Warming Potential of Wolfberry Production in Jingtai Oasis, Gansu Province, China

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    During the last decade, China's agro-food production has increased rapidly and been accompanied by the challenge of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other environmental pollutants from fertilizers, pesticides, and intensive energy use. Understanding the energy use and environmental impacts of crop production will help identify environmentally damaging hotspots of agro-production, allowing environmental impacts to be assessed and crop management strategies optimized. Conventional farming has been widely employed in wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) cultivation in China, which is an important cash tree crop not only for the rural economy but also from an ecological standpoint. Energy use and global warming potential (GWP) were investigated in a wolfberry production system in the Yellow River irrigated Jingtai region of Gansu. In total, 52 household farms were randomly selected to conduct the investigation using questionnaires. Total energy input and output were 321,800.73 and 166,888.80 MJ ha−1, respectively, in the production system. The highest share of energy inputs was found to be electricity consumption for lifting irrigation water, accounting for 68.52%, followed by chemical fertilizer application (11.37%). Energy use efficiency was 0.52 when considering both fruit and pruned wood. Nonrenewable energy use (88.52%) was far larger than the renewable energy input. The share of GWP of different inputs were 64.52% electricity, 27.72% nitrogen (N) fertilizer, 5.07% phosphate, 2.32% diesel, and 0.37% potassium, respectively. The highest share was related to electricity consumption for irrigation, followed by N fertilizer use. Total GWP in the wolfberry planting system was 26,018.64 kg CO2 eq ha−1 and the share of CO2, N2O, and CH4 were 99.47%, 0.48%, and negligible respectively with CO2 being dominant. Pathways for reducing energy use and GHG emission mitigation include: conversion to low carbon farming to establish a sustainable and cleaner production system with options of raising water use efficiency by adopting a seasonal gradient water pricing system and advanced irrigation techniques; reducing synthetic fertilizer use; and policy support: smallholder farmland transfer (concentration) for scale production, credit (small- and low-interest credit) and tax breaks

    Factors affecting preference for homemade or manufactured yoghurt consumption in Turkey

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    Yoghurt is a basic food that can be enjoyed by people of all age groups for a healthy life. Yoghurt is known and consumed all over the world. However, its consumption can be traced back to very early times in Turkey. Both homemade and manufactured yoghurts are consumed in Turkey. Average yearly yoghurt consumption in Turkey is about 17.6 kg/capita. Spending on yoghurt constitutes 2.8% of total household food expenses. The aim of this study was to analyse socio-economical factors that affect homemade or manufactured yoghurt consumption of households. Data from a questionnaire conducted on 302 families living in Tokat Province of Turkey in 2005 were used. Data were analysed using binomial logit model. Of the variables used in the model, household income, work status of woman and number of elderly people in the household were significant in affecting the preference for homemade or manufactured yoghurt consumption. It was concluded that governments should make decisions to promote yoghurt manufacturing having better hygienic conditions and to facilitate the production of reasonably cheaper yoghurt

    Economic analysis of agricultural enterprises in Turkey according to their level of success Análise econômica de empresas agrícolas na Turquia de acordo com seu nível de sucesso

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    In this study, agricultural enterprises in Turhal, Tokat were grouped based on their degree of success, their structural characteristics have been identified and their outcomes of activities discussed. The objective of the study was to determine the aspects that render successful agricultural enterprises different from other agricultural enterprises. The point to be achieved through the study is to assist agricultural enterprises with a more effective utilization of existing means in order to help them to develop. Data has been collected from 71 agricultural enterprises, which have been determined by Neyman's Method that is a stratified sampling method, via questionnaires. The Criterion of Agricultural Income Per Enterprise Land Decar has been applied for the classification of the enterprises according to their level of success. When the agricultural income was sufficiently examined in the enterprises, moderate successful and unsuccessful enterprises cannot obtain agricultural income to meet family labor force cost. Their agricultural level is quite below the sum of the family labour wage equivalent and the real interest of the equivalent capital. Therefore, the agricultural income of the examined enterprises is considered insufficient. The rate of the net product to the active capital is 3.45% in successful enterprises, 0.57% in those with moderate success, and for the unsuccessful ones, it has a negative value of -2.22%. This ratio for successful enterprises is close to 5%. Accordingly, the successful enterprises work more efficiently in comparison to the other enterprise groups.<br>Neste estudo, empresas agrícolas de Turhal, Tokat foram agrupadas com base em seu grau de sucesso, suas características foram identificadas e seus resultados de atividades discutidos. O objetivo do estudo é determinar os aspectos que diferenciam empresas agrícolas de sucesso das demais. O ponto a ser alcançado pelo estudo é assistir as empresas agrícolas com um uso mais efetivo. O ponto a ser alcançado pelo estudo é assistir as empresas agrícolas com um uso mais efetivo dos meios existentes, para ajudar a desenvolvê-las. Foram utilizados dados de 71 empresas selecionadas pelo método estratificado de Neyman, através de questionários. O "Criterion of Agricultural Income Per Interprise Land Decar" foi aplicado para a classificação em relação ao nível de sucesso. Quando a renda agrícola foi suficientemente examinada, as empresas de sucesso moderado e as sem sucesso não podem obter renda agrícola suficiente para atender ao custo do trabalho familiar. Seu nível agrícola está muito abaixo da soma dos salários familiares e do juro real do capital equivalente. Por isso, a renda agrícola das empresas examinadas é considerada insuficiente. A relação entre o produto líquido e o capital ativo é 3,45% nas empresas de sucesso, 0,57% nas de moderado sucesso e -2,22% nas sem sucesso. Nesta relação, o limite do juro normal é de 5% para empresas de sucesso. Assim, empresas de sucesso trabalham mais eficientemente em comparação a outros grupos empresarias
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