Relationship between anxiety, heart rate and efficiency of pistol shootingTabanca atış başarısı, kaygı düzeyi ve kalp atım hızı arasındaki ilişki

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety, heart rate and efficiency of pistol shooting. In this study, 291 male volunteers working for the Turkish National Police within the age range of 20-23 years participated. The efficiency of pistol shooting was evaluated by the total points of the bullets which hit the target from 10 metres. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess anxiety. The “Polar Team2 Pro” device for heart rate was used. Significant differences were found between the sets of participants according to shot accuracy groups for state anxiety level, anxiety variability, average heart rate, maximal heart rate and heart rate changes. The correlation coefficient between the pistol shooting result and change in heart rate, anxiety variability, mean heart rate during shooting, state anxiety and maximal heart rate during shooting was significant. However, there was no significant correlation between shot accuracy and resting heart rate and trait anxiety. Based on the findings, it was concluded that as a result of the higher state anxiety levels, the tremor which is caused by increased heart rate negatively affects the shooting performance in police. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı tabanca atış başarısı, kaygı düzeyi ve kalp atım hızı arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmaya Türk Polis Teşkilatında görev yapan 20-23 yaş arasındaki 291 gönüllü erkek katılmıştır. Tabanca atış başarısı 10 metre mesafeden hedef üzerine isabet eden fişeklerin toplam puanı üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Kaygı düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi için Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri (STAI) kullanılmıştır. Kalp atım hızı ölçümü için “Polar Team2 Pro” cihazı kullanılmıştır. Atış başarısı gruplarına göre katılımcıların durumluk kaygı düzeyi, kaygı düzeyi değişimi, atış ortalama kalp atım hızı, maksimal kalp atım hızı ve kalp atım hızı değişimi arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Tabanca atış başarısı sonuçları ile kalp atım hızı değişimi, kaygı düzeyi değişimi, atış ortalama kalp atım hızı, durumluk kaygı düzeyi, maksimal kalp atım hızı arasındaki korelasyon katsayı anlamlı bulunmuştur. Ancak atış başarısı ile dinlenik kalp atım hızı ve sürekli kaygı düzeyi arasında herhangi korelasyon bulunmamıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına dayanarak, durumluk kaygı düzeyi yükseldikçe artan kalp atım hızının yarattığı sarsıntının polislerin atış yeteneklerini olumsuz etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır

Comparison and evaluation of experimental mediastinitis models: precolonized foreign body implants and bacterial suspension inoculation seems promising

BACKGROUND: Post-sternotomy mediastinitis (PSM) is a devastating surgical complication affecting 1–3% of patients that undergo cardiac surgery. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most commonly encountered bacterial pathogen cultured from mediastinal samples obtained from patients with PSM. A component of the membrane of the gram positive bacteria, lipoteichoic acid, stimulates the blood monocytes and macrophages to secrete cytokines, radicals and nitrogen species leading to oxido-inflammatory damage. This seems to be responsible for the high mortality rate in PSM. For the evaluation of the pathogenesis of infection or for the investigation of alternative treatment models in infection, no standard model of mediastinitis seems to be available. In this study, we evaluated four mediastinitis models in rats. METHODS: The rats were divided into four groups to form different infection models. Group A: A suspension of 1 × 10(7 )colony-forming units Staphylococcus aureus in 0,5 mL was inoculated from the right second intercostal space into the mediastinum. Group B: A hole was created in the right second intercostal space and a piece of stainless-steel implant with a length of 0.5 cm was inserted into the mediastinum and a suspension of 1 × 10(7 )cfu bacteria in 0,5 mL was administered via the tail vein. Group C: Precolonized stainless-steel implant was inserted into the mediastinum. Group D: Precolonized stainless-steel implant was inserted into the mediastinum and the bacteria suspension was also injected into the mediastinum. On the 10(th )day, rats were sacrificed and the extension of infection in the mediastenae was evaluated by quantitative cultures. Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in the sera to evaluate the neutrophil activation and assess the inflammatory oxidation. RESULTS: The degree of infection in group C and D were 83.3% and 100% respectively (P < 0.001). MDA levels were significantly higher in these two groups than the others (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Infected implants and high bacterial concentration administration were the two important components that played a significant role in the outcome of a successful infection in mediastinum in a rat model

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common acute hyperglycaemic emergency in people with diabetes mellitus. A diagnosis of DKA is confirmed when all of the three criteria are present — ‘D’, either elevated blood glucose levels or a family history of diabetes mellitus; ‘K’, the presence of high urinary or blood ketoacids; and ‘A’, a high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Early diagnosis and management are paramount to improve patient outcomes. The mainstays of treatment include restoration of circulating volume, insulin therapy, electrolyte replacement and treatment of any underlying precipitating event. Without optimal treatment, DKA remains a condition with appreciable, although largely preventable, morbidity and mortality. In this Primer, we discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors and diagnosis of DKA and provide practical recommendations for the management of DKA in adults and children

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AKHISM AND 4C MARKETING MIX: A VIEW FROM HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

WOS: 000295652500007Customer-oriented approaches related to solving the administrative and marketing problems of organizations have gained popularity recently. Customers who have become more selective and conscious affect the strategies of enterprise significantly. Thus enterprise's strategies are transformed into customer-oriented bazar. Customer-oriented transformation one of the customer oriented strategies, 4P marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion) has brought to surface 4C marketing mix (customer value, cost to customer, convenience for buyer, customer communication). The present study aims to demonstrate that 4C marketing mix elements introduced at the end of 20th century was already used by Akhism philosophy during and after the 13th century. To that end each element in 4C marketing mix has been associated with its structuring in Akhism. It has been detected that in Akhism organizations, customer value element were reflected as 'customer is our benefactor' attitude, cost to customer element was reflected as supervisory price, convenience for buyer element was reflected as transport easily to product for customer and customer communication element was reflected as communication with market. Within that context we argue that a deeper analysis on Akhism would be assistive in answering several problems associated with management in modern age

Magnetic resonance current density imaging using one component of magnetic flux density

Current density distribution generated inside a volume conductor by externally applied currents can be calculated by using spatial distribution of its magnetic flux density, . The imaging modality used to reconstruct images of the current density distribution is known as magnetic resonance current density imaging (MRCDI). In MRCDI, spatial distribution of the current-induced magnetic flux density is measured on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) platform. Calculation of current density distribution from magnetic flux density measurements requires all three components of . As only the component of which is in parallel with the main field of the MRI system can be measured, rotation of the subject is necessary to be able to acquire all three components of for a given current injection pattern. Rotating the subject inside the magnet is not trivial even for small-sized objects and remains as a strong limitation to clinical applicability of the technique. In this study, a novel MRCDI reconstruction algorithm using only one component of is proposed to eliminate the need for subject rotation. Reconstruction performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on numerical and experimental models. Images obtained by the proposed and the conventional MRCDI algorithms, which utilizes three components of , are compared