La accesibilidad universal y su gestión como elementos imprescindibles para el ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es el estudio crítico del modelo de gestión como paso necesario para una adecuada concreción de la accesibilidad universal, partiendo de una premisa teórica, fundamentada en la primera parte, que aquilata la estrecha vinculación entre la accesibilidad universal y el ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales. Para ello se ha medido y contrastado la fuerza de los argumentos teóricos y normativos con la realidad empírica

La accesibilidad universal y su gestión como elementos imprescindibles para el ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales

El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar la realidad sobre la gestión para lograr la adecuada consecución de la accesibilidad universal (AU). Con este fin, es necesaria la aplicación de una metodología científica que permita, una vez contemplados y analizados los aspectos teóricos y prácticos más importantes del objeto de estudio, extraer conclusiones respecto a la distorsión, y también tensión, que se produce entre el derecho y el hecho, entre lo que debe ser y lo que es. Interesan sobre todo en esta investigación los resultados obtenidos, las conclusiones del análisis de campo y su impacto sobre el sujeto de derecho.La ciencia es el conjunto de técnicas y métodos que nos permiten organizar el conocimiento sobre la estructura de hechos objetivos y al alcance de distintos observadores. Pue bien, aquí se trata de aplicar los recursos de científicos objetivos disponibles para encontrar la respuesta a las preguntas que se plantean.Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas (RD 1393/2007)Gizarte Zientzietako eta Zientzia Juridikoetako Doktoretza Programa Ofiziala (ED 1393/2007

Working in the 21st century. The coronavirus crisis: a driver of digitalisation, teleworking, and innovation, with unintended social consequences

Background: this article seeks to shed a light on the innovation, digitalisation, and teleworking processes that have occurred because of the coronavirus crisis. Methods: to this end, we analyse data from Eurostat (2020), the European Companies Survey (2013; 2019) and the Living, Working and COVID-19 Dataset (2020), the latter two gathered by Eurofound. Results: our main findings reveal that COVID-19 has accelerated a process of digitalisation that has produced relevant changes in labour relations and, consequently, in companies’ organisation. Conclusions: in short, home confinement has had a profound impact on work and occupational risks.This research was funded by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), grant number ECO2017-86305-C4-4-R. The APC was funded by UNED

EFHB is a novel cytosolic Ca²+ sensor that modulates STIM1-SARAF interaction

FUNDAMENTOS/OBJETIVOS: STIM1 y Orai1 son los componentes clave de la entrada de Ca2+ en la tienda (SOCE). Entre las proteínas que participan en la regulación de la SOCE, la SARAF previene la activación espontánea de la SOCE y modula la función de STIM1. MÉTODOS: Se estimó la movilización de Ca2+ citosólico en células cargadas de fura-2 usando un microscopio invertido de epifluorescencia. La interacción de STIM1 con Orai1, EFHB (miembro de la familia B del dominio de la mano EF, también conocido como CFAP21) y SARAF se detectó mediante inmunoprecipitación seguida de Western blotting utilizando anticuerpos específicos. La participación de EFHB en la translocación de NFAT al núcleo se detectó mediante microscopía confocal. RESULTADOS: Aquí reportamos la identificación del EFHB como un nuevo regulador SOCE. El EFHB interactúa con el STIM1 al agotarse el almacenamiento y se disocia a través de un mecanismo dependiente de Ca2+-. El silenciamiento mediado por el ARNi así como los estudios de sobreexpresión revelaron que el EFHB juega un papel relevante en la interacción de STIM1 y Orai1 al agotarse las reservas, la activación de la translocación de SOCE y NFAT del citosol al núcleo. El silenciamiento de la expresión de la EFHB suprimió la disociación de la SARAF de la STIM1, lo que indica que la EFHB podría desempeñar un papel importante en la interacción dinámica entre ambas proteínas, lo que es pertinente para la activación de los canales de Orai1 al agotarse el almacenamiento de Ca2+ y su posterior modulación mediante la inactivación lenta dependiente del Ca2+. CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados indican que el EFHB es un nuevo regulador SOCE que modula la interacción STIM1-SARAF.BACKGROUND/AIMS: STIM1 and Orai1 are the key components of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Among the proteins involved in the regulation of SOCE, SARAF prevents spontaneous activation of SOCE and modulates STIM1 function. METHODS: Cytosolic Ca2+ mobilization was estimated in fura-2-loaded cells using an epifluorescence inverted microscope. STIM1 interaction with Orai1, EFHB (EF-hand domain family member B, also known as CFAP21) and SARAF was detected by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting using specific antibodies. The involvement of EFHB in the translocation of NFAT to the nucleus was detected by confocal microscopy. RESULTS: Here, we report the identification of EFHB as a new SOCE regulator. EFHB interacts with STIM1 upon store depletion and dissociates through a Ca2+- dependent mechanism. RNAi-mediated silencing as well as overexpression studies revealed that EFHB plays a relevant role in the interaction of STIM1 and Orai1 upon store depletion, the activation of SOCE and NFAT translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. Silencing EFHB expression abolished the dissociation of SARAF from STIM1, which indicates that EFHB might play an important role in the dynamic interaction between both proteins, which is relevant for the activation of Orai1 channels upon Ca2+ store depletion and their subsequent modulation via slow Ca2+-dependent inactivation. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that EFHB is a new SOCE regulator that modulates STIM1-SARAF interaction.• Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Contrato Juan de la Cierva IJCI-2015-25665, para Isaac Jardín Polo • Junta de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER. Contrato IB16046, para José Javier López Barba • Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Subvención BFU2016-74932-C2-1-P, para Letizia Albarrán Alonso • Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Subvenciones Subvenciones BFU2013-45564-C2-1-P/2-P y BFU2016-74932-C2-1-P/2-P • Junta de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER. Subvenciones IB16046 y GR18061peerReviewe

Improvement of nutritional quality of greenhouse-grown lettuce by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is conditioned by the source of phosphorus nutrition

The improvement of the nutritional quality of lettuce by its association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been recently reported in a previous study. The aim of this research was to evaluate if the fertilization with three P sources differing in water solubility affects the effectiveness of AMF for improving lettuce growth and nutritional quality. The application of either water-soluble P sources (Hewitt's solution and single superphosphate) or the water-insoluble (WI) fraction of a “rhizosphere-controlled fertilizer” did not exert negative effects on the establishment of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. AMF improved lettuce growth and nutritional quality. Nevertheless, the effect was dependent on the source of P and cultivar. Batavia Rubia Munguía (green cultivar) benefited more than Maravilla de Verano (red cultivar) in terms of mineral nutrients, total soluble sugars, and ascorbate contents. The association of lettuce with AMF resulted in greater quantities of anthocyanins in plants fertilized with WI, carotenoids when plants received either Hewitt's solution or WI, and phenolics regardless of the P fertilizer applied

MgO-mediated activation of active carbon as an affordable strategy to “in situ” degradation of lindane in contaminated soils

The accumulation in soil landfills of toxic and persistent lindane, widely used as an insecticide, triggers the risk of leaching with the concomitant contamination of surrounding rivers. Thus, viable remediation to eliminate in situ high concentrations of lindane in soil and water becomes an urgent demand. In this line, a simple and costeffective composite is proposed, including the use of industrial wastes. It includes reductive and non-reductive base-catalyzed strategies to remove lindane in the media. A mixture of magnesium oxide (MgO) and activated carbon (AC) was selected for that purpose. The use of MgO provides a basic pH. In addition, the specific selected MgO forms double-layered hydroxides in water which permits the total adsorption of the main heavy metals in contaminated soils. AC provides adsorption microsites to hold the lindane and a reductive atmosphere that was increased when combined with the MgO. These properties trigger highly efficient remediation of the composite. It permits a complete elimination of lindane in the solution. In soils doped with lindane and heavy metals, it produces a rapid, complete, and stable elimination of lindane and immobilization of the metals. Finally, the composite tested in lindane-highly contaminated soils permits the “in situ” degradation of nearly 70% of the initial lindane. The proposed strategy opens a promising way to face this environmental issue with a simple, costeffective composite to degrade lindane and fix heavy metals in contaminated soils

Dynamic interaction of SARAF with STIM1 and orai1 to modulate store-operated calcium entry

El flujo de Ca2+ por almacenado por canales de Ca2+ es un mecanismo importante para la homeostasis intracelular de Ca2+ y la función celular. Aquí presentamos la evidencia de la interacción dinámica entre el factor regulador asociado SOCE (SARAF), STIM1 y Orai1. La expresión atenuada SARAF y la interacción SOCE STIM1-Orai1 en células expresan endógenamente a STIM1 y Orai1 mientras RNAi está condicionada por silenciamiento de SARAF induciendo efectos opuestos. SARAF menoscaba la asociación entre Orai1 y la activación de Orai1 del pequeño fragmento de STIM1 expresada en la STIM1-L115-401NG deficiente de células. En tratamiento de la celda con agonistas o thapsigargin fisiológico resulta en asociación directa de SARAF con Orai1. La interacción de ESTIMI1 independiente de SARAF con Orai1 conduce a la activación de este canal. Las células expresan endógenamente STIM1 y el agotamiento del almacenado de Orai1, Ca2+ conduce a la disociación de SARAF de STIM1 a los 30 segundos después del tratamiento con thapsigargin, paralelo al aumento de SARAF en la interacción con Orai1, seguido por reinteracción con STIM1 y la disociación desde Orai1. La expresión de SARAF y Orai1 o la supresión de diversos N-terminal de mutantes de Orai1 no altera la interacción de SARAF-Orai1; sin embargo, la expresión de eliminación de C-terminal y los mutantes de Orai1 bloquean la C-terminal de Orai1 y menoscaban la interacción con SARAF. Estas observaciones sugieren que SARAF ejerce un papel positivo inicial en la activación de SOCE seguida por la facilitación del SCDI de Orai1.Ca2+ influx by store-operated Ca2+ channels is a major mechanism for intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and cellular function. Here we present evidence for the dynamic interaction between the SOCE associated regulatory factor (SARAF), STIM1 and Orai1. SARAF overexpression attenuated SOCE and the STIM1-Orai1 interaction in cells endogenously expressing STIM1 and Orai1 while RNAi-mediated SARAF silencing induced opposite effects. SARAF impaired the association between Orai1 and the Orai1-activating small fragment of STIM1 co-expressed in the STIM1-deficient NG115-401L cells. Cell treatment with thapsigargin or physiological agonists results in direct association of SARAF with Orai1. STIM1-independent interaction of SARAF with Orai1 leads to activation of this channel. In cells endogenously expressing STIM1 and Orai1, Ca2+ store depletion leads to dissociation of SARAF withSTIM1 approximately 30s after treatment with thapsigargin, which paralleled the increase in SARAFOrai1 interaction, followed by reinteraction with STIM1 and dissociation from Orai1. Co-expression of SARAF and either Orai1 or various N-terminal deletion Orai1 mutants did not alter SARAF-Orai1 interaction; however, expression of C-terminal deletion Orai1 mutants or blockade of the C-terminus of Orai1 impair the interaction with SARAF. These observations suggest that SARAF exerts an initial positive role in the activation of SOCE followed by the facilitation of SCDI of Orai1.• Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Becas BFU2013-45564-C2-1-P, BFU2013-45564-C2-2-P, BFU2011-24365 and RD12-0043-0016 (RETICEF) • Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Programa Juan de la Cierva para José Javier López Barba • Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Beca BES-2011-043356 para Letizia Albarrán Alonso • Junta de Extremadura y Fondos FEDERpeerReviewe

The molecular conformation, but not disaggregation, of humic acid in water solution plays a crucial role in promoting plant development in the natural environment

Many studies have shown the capacity of soil humic substances (HS) to improve plant growth in natural ecosystems. This effect involves the activation of different processes within the plant at different coordinated molecular, biochemical, and physiological levels. However, the first event triggered by plant root-HS interaction remains unclear. Some studies suggest the hypothesis that the interaction of HS with root exudates involves relevant modification of the molecular conformation of humic self-assembled aggregates, including disaggregation, which might be directly involved in the activation of root responses. To investigate this hypothesis, we have prepared two humic acids. A natural humic acid (HA) and a transformed humic acid obtained from the treatment of HA with fungal laccase (HA enz). We have tested the capacity of the two humic acids to affect plant growth (cucumber and Arabidopsis) and complex Cu. Laccase-treatment did not change the molecular size but increased hydrophobicity, molecular compactness and stability, and rigidity of HA enz. Laccase-treatment avoided the ability of HA to promote shoot- and root-growth in cucumber and Arabidopsis. However, it does not modify Cu complexation features. There is no molecular disaggregation upon the interaction of HA and HA enz with plant roots. The results indicate that the interaction with plant roots induced in both HA and laccase-treated HA (HA enz), changes in their structural features that showed higher compactness and rigidity. These events might result from the interaction of HA and HA enz with specific root exudates that can promote intermolecular crosslinking. In summary, the results indicate that the weakly bond stabilized aggregated conformation (supramolecular-like) of HA plays a crucial role in its ability to promote root and shoot growth. The results also indicate the presence of two main types of HS in the rhizosphere corresponding to those non-interacting with plant roots (forming aggregated molecular assemblies) and those produced after interacting with plant root exudates (forming stable macromolecules)

Non-motor symptom burden in patients with Parkinson's disease with impulse control disorders and compulsive behaviours : results from the COPPADIS cohort

The study was aimed at analysing the frequency of impulse control disorders (ICDs) and compulsive behaviours (CBs) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in control subjects (CS) as well as the relationship between ICDs/CBs and motor, nonmotor features and dopaminergic treatment in PD patients. Data came from COPPADIS-2015, an observational, descriptive, nationwide (Spain) study. We used the validated Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) for ICD/CB screening. The association between demographic data and ICDs/CBs was analyzed in both groups. In PD, this relationship was evaluated using clinical features and treatment-related data. As result, 613 PD patients (mean age 62.47 ± 9.09 years, 59.87% men) and 179 CS (mean age 60.84 ± 8.33 years, 47.48% men) were included. ICDs and CBs were more frequent in PD (ICDs 12.7% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001; CBs 7.18% vs. 1.67%, p = 0.01). PD patients had more frequent previous ICDs history, premorbid impulsive personality and antidepressant treatment (p < 0.05) compared with CS. In PD, patients with ICDs/CBs presented younger age at disease onset, more frequent history of previous ICDs and premorbid personality (p < 0.05), as well as higher comorbidity with nonmotor symptoms, including depression and poor quality of life. Treatment with dopamine agonists increased the risk of ICDs/CBs, being dose dependent (p < 0.05). As conclusions, ICDs and CBs were more frequent in patients with PD than in CS. More nonmotor symptoms were present in patients with PD who had ICDs/CBs compared with those without. Dopamine agonists have a prominent effect on ICDs/CBs, which could be influenced by dose