Features of verbal communication of the Tajik youth in social networks

Within the framework of this article, the author presents materials of empirical research on the features of verbal communication of Tajik youth in social networks. Data of content analysis is given. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the written speech of the Tajik users of social networks is different. Written speech of Tajik users of networks in their native language is diverse, in Russian it is simple, monotonous

Perinatal Exogenous Nitric Oxide in Fawn-Hooded Hypertensive Rats Reduces Renal Ribosomal Biogenesis in Early Life

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to depress ribosome biogenesis in vitro. In this study we analyzed the influence of exogenous NO on ribosome biogenesis in vivo using a proven antihypertensive model of perinatal NO administration in genetically hypertensive rats. Fawn-hooded hypertensive rat (FHH) dams were supplied with the NO-donor molsidomine in drinking water from 2 weeks before to 4 weeks after birth, and the kidneys were subsequently collected from 2 day, 2 week, and 9 to 10-month-old adult offspring. Although the NO-donor increased maternal NO metabolite excretion, the NO status of juvenile renal (and liver) tissue was unchanged as assayed by EPR spectroscopy of NO trapped with iron-dithiocarbamate complexes. Nevertheless, microarray analysis revealed marked differential up-regulation of renal ribosomal protein genes at 2 days and down-regulation at 2 weeks and in adult males. Such differential regulation of renal ribosomal protein genes was not observed in females. These changes were confirmed in males at 2 weeks by expression analysis of renal ribosomal protein L36a and by polysome profiling, which also revealed a down-regulation of ribosomes in females at that age. However, renal polysome profiles returned to normal in adults after early exposure to molsidomine. No direct effects of molsidomine were observed on cellular proliferation in kidneys at any age, and the changes induced by molsidomine in renal polysome profiles at 2 weeks were absent in the livers of the same rats. Our results suggest that the previously found prolonged antihypertensive effects of perinatal NO administration may be due to epigenetically programmed alterations in renal ribosome biogenesis during a critical fetal period of renal development, and provide a salient example of a drug-induced reduction of ribosome biogenesis that is accompanied by a beneficial long-term health effect in both males and females

ПРО ОДИН З АСПЕКТІВ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ВИРІШЕННЯ ПИТАННЯ БУДІВНИЦТВА КАНАЛУ АЗОВСЬКЕ МОРЕ – МОЛОЧНИЙ ЛИМАН

Молочний лиман – один з найбільш цінних водно-болотних угідь Приа-зов’я, який увійшов до Міжнародного кадастру Рамсарських територій. Згідно з фізико-географічним районуванням України, Молочний лиман відноситься до Присивасько-Приазовської степової області Причорноморської південно-степової провінції. Адміністративно ця акваторія знаходиться в Запорізькій об-ласті і розташована на територіях Якимівського, Приазовського та Мелітополь-ського районів. Довжина лиману складає 32 км, максимальна ширина 8 км, гли-бина до 3 м, площа 170 км2. Від Азовського моря Лиман відділений косою Пе-ресип зі штучно створеною протокою (промоїною). Останнім часом, з`єднувальний канал Молочного лиману практично не функціонує

Endothelial NOS (NOS3) impairs myocardial function in developing sepsis

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS)3-derived nitric oxide (NO) modulates inotropic response and diastolic interval for optimal cardiac performance under non-inflammatory conditions. In sepsis, excessive NO production plays a key role in severe hypotension and myocardial dysfunction. We aimed to determine the role of NOS3 on myocardial performance, NO production, and time course of sepsis development. NOS3(−/−) and C57BL/6 wildtype mice were rendered septic by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP). Cardiac function was analyzed by serial echocardiography, in vivo pressure and isolated heart measurements. Cardiac output (CO) increased to 160 % of baseline at 10 h after sepsis induction followed by a decline to 63 % of baseline after 18 h in wildtype mice. CO was unaltered in septic NOS3(−/−) mice. Despite the hyperdynamic state, cardiac function and mean arterial pressure were impaired in septic wildtype as early as 6 h post CLP. At 12 h, cardiac function in septic wildtype was refractory to catecholamines in vivo and respective isolated hearts showed impaired pressure development and limited coronary flow reserve. Hemodynamics remained stable in NOS3(−/−) mice leading to significant survival benefit. Unselective NOS inhibition in septic NOS3(−/−) mice diminished this survival benefit. Plasma NO(x)- and local myocardial NO(x)- and NO levels (via NO spin trapping) demonstrated enhanced NO(x)- and bioactive NO levels in septic wildtype as compared to NOS3(−/−) mice. Significant contribution by inducible NOS (NOS2) during this early phase of sepsis was excluded. Our data suggest that NOS3 relevantly contributes to bioactive NO pool in developing sepsis resulting in impaired cardiac contractility. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00395-013-0330-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Citrulline a More Suitable Substrate than Arginine to Restore NO Production and the Microcirculation during Endotoxemia

BACKGROUND: Impaired microcirculation during endotoxemia correlates with a disturbed arginine-nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and is associated with deteriorating organ function. Improving the organ perfusion in endotoxemia, as often seen in patients with severe infection or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is, therefore, an important therapeutic target. We hypothesized that supplementation of the arginine precursor citrulline rather than arginine would specifically increase eNOS-induced intracellular NO production and thereby improve the microcirculation during endotoxemia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To study the effects of L-Citrulline and L-Arginine supplementation on jejunal microcirculation, intracellular arginine availability and NO production in a non-lethal prolonged endotoxemia model in mice. C57/Bl6 mice received an 18 hrs intravenous infusion of endotoxin (LPS, 0.4 µg • g bodyweight(-1) • h(-1)), combined with either L-Citrulline (6.25 mg • h-1), L-Arginine (6.25 mg • h(-1)), or L-Alanine (isonitrogenous control; 12.5 mg • h(-1)) during the last 6 hrs. The control group received an 18 hrs sterile saline infusion combined with L-Alanine or L-Citrulline during the last 6 hrs. The microcirculation was evaluated at the end of the infusion period using sidestream dark-field imaging of jejunal villi. Plasma and jejunal tissue amino-acid concentrations were measured by HPLC, NO tissue concentrations by electron-spin resonance spectroscopy and NOS protein concentrations using Western blot. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: L-Citrulline supplementation during endotoxemia positively influenced the intestinal microvascular perfusion compared to L-Arginine-supplemented and control endotoxemic mice. L-Citrulline supplementation increased plasma and tissue concentrations of arginine and citrulline, and restored intracellular NO production in the intestine. L-Arginine supplementation did not increase the intracellular arginine availability. Jejunal tissues in the L-Citrulline-supplemented group showed, compared to the endotoxemic and L-Arginine-supplemented endotoxemic group, an increase in degree of phosphorylation of eNOS (Ser 1177) and a decrease in iNOS protein level. In conclusion, L-Citrulline supplementation during endotoxemia and not L-Arginine reduced intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction and increased intracellular NO production, likely via increased intracellular citrulline and arginine availability

Detection of basal NO production in rat tissues using iron-dithiocarbamate complexes

We probe endogenous NO production in WKY rats by trapping NO with iron-dithiocarbamate complexes. The aim was to detect non-stimulated NO production in small organs like kidneys of juvenile rats. The yields of mononitrosyl Fe-dithiocarbamate complexes are small and difficult to quantify in the presence of strong contaminating signals from Cu2+-DETC complexes. We evaluate four methods to improve the detection of mononitrosyl Fe-dithiocarbamate adducts: progressive microwave saturation, tissue perfusion, spectral subtraction, and finally, reduction of the tissue with sodium dithionite. While the first three were only moderately useful, reduction was very helpful for quantification of the mononitrosyl Fe-dithiocarbamate yield. The increase in sensitivity allows the detection of non-stimulated NO release in small organs of juvenile rats. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Critical Limits for Hg(II) in soils, derived from chronic toxicity data

Published chronic toxicity data for Hg(II) added to soils were assembled and evaluated to produce a data set comprising 52 chronic endpoints, five each for plants and invertebrates and 42 for microbes. With endpoints expressed in terms of added soil Hg(II) contents, Critical Limits were derived from the 5th percentiles of species sensitivity distributions, values of 0.13 μg (g soil)-1 and 3.3 μg (g soil organic matter)-1 being obtained. The latter value exceeds the currently-recommended Critical Limit, used to determine Hg(II) Critical Loads in Europe, of 0.5 μg (g soil organic matter)-1. We also applied the WHAM/Model VI chemical speciation model to estimate concentrations of Hg2+ in soil solution, and derived an approximate Critical Limit Function (CLF) that includes pH; log [Hg2+]crit = - 2.15 pH – 17.10. Because they take soil properties into account, the soil organic matter-based limit and the CLF provide the best assessment of toxic threat for different soils. For differing representative soils, each predicts a range of up to 100-fold in the dry weight-based content of mercury that corresponds to the Critical Limit