Medios de comunicación comunitaria y proyecto de ley de medios audiovisuales

La ley de Radiodifusión estuvo vigente durante menos de cuatro años (1980-1983) en la dictadura y por más de veinticinco (1983-2008) en la democracia. A esta altura, ¿es la ley de la dictadura? Desde 1983 hasta hoy hubo 37 proyectos de Ley de Radiodifusión que lograron estado parlamentario. Cada vez que uno de esos proyectos fue debatido, la cercanía de las elecciones justificó que los legisladores cajonearan el texto por temor a represalias de los medios de difusión. De las radios comunitarias que surgieron de a cientos en los ochenta y comienzos de los noventa, han logrado sobrevivir sólo aquellas que se insertaron en sus comunidades. Tuvieron que afrontar enormes dificultades, muchas de ellas derivadas de la falta de una ley: ahogo económico por ausencia de apoyo estatal, ilegalidad que impide realizar gestiones para la búsqueda de fondos genuinos, persecución de los organismos que controlan la radiodifusión. Así, el punto más destacado en el proyecto de la nueva ley es el que plantea que un tercio del espectro será para medios de comunicación gestionados por entidades sin fines de lucro.The Radio Broadcasting Law was in force less than four years (1980-1983) during the dictatorship and more than twenty five years (1983-2008) in democracy. So, at this point, is the Law of the dictatorship period? From 1983 up today there were 37 projects for a new Broadcasting Law that entered in the Parliament. Each time that one of those projects was in debate, the elections proximity justified the legislators “to put the text in the drawer” afraid of having mass media reprisals. From the radios in the communities that have been sprung up by the hundreds in the eighties and the early nineties, only those ones that have been inserted in the community could survive. They has to face many difficulties, most of them came from the lack of a law: economical necessity given by the lack of government help, illegality that impedes to do business in order to look for genuine monetary funds, persecution from the organisms that control the broadcasting. So, the most highlighted point in the new law project is the one that outlines that one third of the spectrum will be for the mass media negotiated by organizations without profitable goals.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Medios de comunicación comunitaria y proyecto de ley de medios audiovisuales

La ley de Radiodifusión estuvo vigente durante menos de cuatro años (1980-1983) en la dictadura y por más de veinticinco (1983-2008) en la democracia. A esta altura, ¿es la ley de la dictadura? Desde 1983 hasta hoy hubo 37 proyectos de Ley de Radiodifusión que lograron estado parlamentario. Cada vez que uno de esos proyectos fue debatido, la cercanía de las elecciones justificó que los legisladores cajonearan el texto por temor a represalias de los medios de difusión. De las radios comunitarias que surgieron de a cientos en los ochenta y comienzos de los noventa, han logrado sobrevivir sólo aquellas que se insertaron en sus comunidades. Tuvieron que afrontar enormes dificultades, muchas de ellas derivadas de la falta de una ley: ahogo económico por ausencia de apoyo estatal, ilegalidad que impide realizar gestiones para la búsqueda de fondos genuinos, persecución de los organismos que controlan la radiodifusión. Así, el punto más destacado en el proyecto de la nueva ley es el que plantea que un tercio del espectro será para medios de comunicación gestionados por entidades sin fines de lucro.The Radio Broadcasting Law was in force less than four years (1980-1983) during the dictatorship and more than twenty five years (1983-2008) in democracy. So, at this point, is the Law of the dictatorship period? From 1983 up today there were 37 projects for a new Broadcasting Law that entered in the Parliament. Each time that one of those projects was in debate, the elections proximity justified the legislators “to put the text in the drawer” afraid of having mass media reprisals. From the radios in the communities that have been sprung up by the hundreds in the eighties and the early nineties, only those ones that have been inserted in the community could survive. They has to face many difficulties, most of them came from the lack of a law: economical necessity given by the lack of government help, illegality that impedes to do business in order to look for genuine monetary funds, persecution from the organisms that control the broadcasting. So, the most highlighted point in the new law project is the one that outlines that one third of the spectrum will be for the mass media negotiated by organizations without profitable goals.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Development and test of resistive superconducting fault current limiter; acting time and its recovery conditions

Resistive-type of superconducting fault current limiters (RSFCL) have been developed for medium voltage class aiming to operate at 1 MVA power capacity and short time recovery (< 2 s). A RSFCL in form of superconducting modular device was designed and constructed using 50 m-length of YBCO coated conductor tapes for operation under 1 kV / 1 kA and acting time of 0.1 s. In order to increase the acting time the RSFCL was combined with an air-core reactor in parallel to increase the fault limiting time up to 1 s. The tests determined the electrical and thermal characteristics of the combined resistive/ inductive protection unit. The combined fault current limiter reached a limiting current of 583 A, corresponding to a limiting factor of 3.3 times within an acting time of up to 1 s

Crystallographic and theoretical studies on a coupled chain of AF binuclear Cu(II)-fluoraspirinate complexes

We present here the low temperature (116K) crystal and molecular structure of poly-[μ-pyrazine{tetrakis-fluoraspirinate-dicopper(II)}]diacetonitrile, for short [Cu(Fasp)4Cu(pyz)]n, a 5-halogenated derivative of pharmacologically relevant copper aspirinates. We also discuss the theoretically expected magnetic and thermodynamic behavior of this interesting system for molecular magnetism.Instituto de Física La Plat

Prevalence and caries-related risk factors in schoolchildren of 12-and 15-year-old: a cross-sectional study

Background: To assess the prevalence and severity of caries in 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren, and to analyse the related risk factors. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on a random sample of 1843 schoolchildren aged 12 and 15 from Galicia (northwest of Spain). Self-administered questionnaire and dental clinical examination were performed to obtain information about oral health habits, dental caries and oral hygiene. A logistic regression model including dental-caries-related variables was generated for each age group. Results: The respective findings for 12- and 15-years-old were as follows: decayed, missing, filled teeth index both for permanent and temporary dentition (DMFT/dmft) of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.87–0.91) and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.33–1.43), respectively; caries prevalence 39.6% (95% CI, 36.3–42.9) and 51.7% (95% CI, 48.0–55.4), respectively. In the 12-yearold group, individuals who occasionally, never or hardly ever brushed their teeth had higher values of caries (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.07–3.15, and OR = 9.14, 95% CI1.63–51.17, respectively). Also, the presence of plaque on more than 1/3 gingival was statistically associated with an increase of caries (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.11–3.70), and living in a rural environment was a risk factor (OR = 1.3; 95% CI,1.02–1.80). In the 15-year-old group, higher caries risk was found when brushing was performed once a day (OR = 1.61; 95% CI,1.03–2.50), and among individuals who visited private clinics (OR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.17–2.66), while electric toothbrush was associated with a lower caries risk (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.29–0.86). Conclusions: This study revealed that risk factors of dental caries showed differences in schoolchildren of 12- and 15-year-old. Strongest evidence related to caries in 12-year-old group were found in frequency of toothbrushing and dental plaque. In 15-year old group, electric toothbrush, time since the last visit to the dentist and type of dental care (public/private) had a stronger association with dental caries. Caries prevalence and mean DMFT/dmft increased from 12- to 15-year-old, in spite of improvement in oral hygiene at the age of 15This study was authorised and funded by the Galician Regional Health Administration (Consellería de Sanidade, Dirección Xeral de Innovación e Xestión da Saúde Publica, Xunta de Galicia), as coordinated by the Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department of Santiago de Compostela UniversityS

Crystallographic and theoretical studies on a coupled chain of AF binuclear Cu(II)-fluoraspirinate complexes

We present here the low temperature (116K) crystal and molecular structure of poly-[μ-pyrazine{tetrakis-fluoraspirinate-dicopper(II)}]diacetonitrile, for short [Cu(Fasp)4Cu(pyz)]n, a 5-halogenated derivative of pharmacologically relevant copper aspirinates. We also discuss the theoretically expected magnetic and thermodynamic behavior of this interesting system for molecular magnetism.Instituto de Física La Plat

Avaliação das consequências de galgamento sobre estruturas portuárias: caso de estudo da praia da Vitória, Açores

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização em HidráulicaA presente dissertação, inserida na área de especialização de hidráulica de engenharia civil, procura avaliar o risco de galgamento sobre estruturas portuárias. Devido à ocorrência de galgamentos, há necessidade em garantir a segurança de bens, pessoas, equipamentos, estruturas e atividades junto a elas desenvolvidas e, ainda, em precaver gastos a nível económico. Nesse sentido, recorre-se neste trabalho a previsões da agitação marítima em águas profundas fornecidas pelo modelo WAM que, acoplado aos modelos SWAN e DREAMS, permite a caracterização do estado de agitação do mar junto à estrutura portuária. Posteriormente, aplica-se a ferramenta neuronal NN_OVERTOPPING2 que fornece os caudais médios galgados nas estruturas. Seguidamente, recorre-se a três metodologias distintas para avaliar as consequências do galgamento: uma metodologia simples, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) e Analytic Network Process (ANP). As metodologias multicritério AHP e ANP tornam-se mais vantajosas em relação à metodologia simples, na medida em que permitem análises espaciais definindo o risco a que cada área está sujeita. Estas melhorias sustentam uma avaliação do risco mais fiável, o que é fundamental para o apoio à tomada de decisão e numa gestão eficaz das zonas costeiras e portuárias. Por fim, aplica-se o procedimento descrito ao porto da Praia da Vitória (Açores, Portugal).Abstract: This dissertation, developed within the hydraulics branch of civil engineering, aims at contributing to the assessment of the risk associated to the wave overtopping of port structures. Due to the occurrence of overtopping, there is a requirement to ensure the safety of goods, people, equipment, structures and activities developed in their surroundings and, still, avoid economic spending. Therefore, the study uses forecast wave conditions in deep water, provided by the WAMmodel, which coupled to SWAN and DREAMS models, allows to characterize the sea state near the port structure. Subsequently, the NN_OVERTOPPING2 artificial neuronal tool is applied, which provides the mean flow overtopping discharge over the structures. Finally, three different methodologies to assess the consequences of wave overtopping are used: a simple methodology, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Analytic Network Process (ANP). The multi-criteria AHP and ANP methodologies are more advantageous in comparison with the simplistic methodology, since they allow spatial analysis and definition of the risk that each area is subject to. These improvements support a more reliable risk assessment, which is essential in the decision-making process and in a effective management of coastal and port areas. The procedure in this study is applied in the port of Praia da Vitória (Azores, Portugal).N/

Bipolar versus unipolar energy in the surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with mitral valve surgery

Objective: To evaluate the presence of sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients who had mitral valve surgery with concomitant surgical ablation of AF, by unipolar or bipolar radiofrequency. Methods: Adults patients who had mitral valve replacement or mitral valvuloplasty with concomitant surgical ablation of AF, either by unipolar or bipolar radiofrequency, were consecutively included between the 2008 and 2012. Surgery was done by conventional median sternotomy. Results: A total of 99 patients were included; 20 (20.2%) had surgical ablation by unipolar energy and 79 (79.8%) by bipolar energy. There were 76 (76.8%) women, and mean age± SD was 51 ±11 years.  The median duration of AF before surgery was 41 months. Type of AF was paroxysmal in 21 (21%), persistent in 11 (11%), and long-standing persistent in 67 (67%). Mean left atrium size in the preoperative period was 5.54 ± 0.82 cm. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 58±12.4%. Types of mitral valve surgery were valvuloplasty (n=10), mechanical valve replacement in 30, and bioprosthesis replacement in 59. Concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty was performed in 39 patients. Thirty- day mortality was 8/99 (8%). Mean follow-up time was 1274 days (3.49 years). Survival was 92%. After 4 years no patient who had had unipolar ablation was in sinus rhythm, whilst 67% of those who had bipolar energy ablation were in sinus rhythm (p<0.001). Conclusion: The use of bipolar energy is superior to unipolar energy in the surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients submitted to mitral valve surgery

Diez aprendizajes de la Asociación Mundial de Radios Comunitarias, América Latina y Caribe (AMARCALC)

Aprendizajes y retos de las radios comunitarias a lo largo de las dos décadas y más de creación de AMARC ALC