Chizhov and Petcov Reply

We have found in [1] new conditions for a total neutrino conversion in the case of neutrino oscillations taking place in a medium, consisting of n = 2 (or 3) alternating layers with constant densities $N_1$ and $N_2$. It is claimed in [4] that our results are particular case of enhancement of neutrino oscillations, which was suggested earlier by other authors and was widely discussed in the literature. We refute these claims, confirming the novelty of our results.Comment: 2 pages, LATEX; concise (essentially 1 page) and somewhat modified version of Ref. SISSA 5/2000/EP (hep-ph/0003110); reply on the ``Comment on New Conditions for a Total Neutrino Conversion in a Medium'', Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 3978; published as ``Chizhov and Petcov Reply'' in Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 397

Respiratory diseases in young cattle

The following review considers modern scientific data on respiratory diseases in young cattle. The problem of respiratory diseases in calves does not lose its relevance, since these pathologies rank second in frequency after diseases of the digestive system. In order to compile the data, the works of domestic and foreign researchers and collectives available in the collections of scientific conferences, seminars, symposiums, as well as in peer-reviewed periodicals, materials of dissertations and abstracts were reviewed. The group of pathologies under consideration is sufficiently diverse and can be caused by high animal density in the premises, overheating, hypothermia, unbalanced feeding, micronutrient deficiency, decreased body resistance, unfavorable epidemic situation and many other factors. However, out of the major calf diseases, particular mention should be made of pneumonia, which is most often caused by viruses. In this case agents can induce bacterial infection which aggravates and complicates the course of viral diseases. Microorganisms, such as Salmonella, Pasteurella and others, contribute to secondary infection and cause mixed forms of pneumonia. Bronchopneumonia is another disease covered in the article. It is a respiratory pathology characterized by inflammation of both the bronchi and lungs. As a rule, such disease types are most common in industrial animal husbandry, they are widespread and cause significant economic damage to the dairy and beef cattle breeding industries. The article pays great attention to these pathologies, justifies the importance of comprehensive preventive measures and timely diagnosis for livestock industries. To reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases in young cattle, it is necessary to strictly follow technological and hygienic standards for animal keeping and feeding. The use of combined medicines and preparations containing microelements increases treatment effectiveness

Could One Find Petroleum Using Neutrino Oscillations in Matter?

In neutrino physics, it is now widely believed that neutrino oscillations are influenced by the presence of matter, modifying the energy spectrum produced by a neutrino beam traversing the Earth. Here, we will discuss the reverse problem, i.e. what could be learned about the Earth's interior from a single neutrino baseline energy spectrum, especially about the Earth's mantle. We will use a statistical analysis with a low-energy neutrino beam under very optimistic assumptions. At the end, we will note that it is hard to find petroleum with such a method, though it is not too far away from technical feasibility.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, EPL LaTeX. Final version to be published in Europhys. Let

The MSW effect and Matter Effects in Neutrino Oscillations

The MSW (Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein) effect is the adiabatic or partially adiabatic neutrino flavor conversion in medium with varying density. The main notions related to the effect, its dynamics and physical picture are reviewed. The large mixing MSW effect is realized inside the Sun providing the solution of the solar neutrino problem. The small mixing MSW effect driven by the 1-3 mixing can be realized for the supernova (SN) neutrinos. Inside the collapsing stars new elements of the MSW dynamics may show up: the non-oscillatory transition, non-adiabatic conversion, time dependent adiabaticity violation induced by shock waves. Effects of the resonance enhancement and the parametric enhancement of oscillations can be realized for the atmospheric and accelerator neutrinos in the Earth. Precise results for neutrino oscillations in the low density medium with arbitrary density profile are presented and the attenuation effect is described. The area of applications is the solar and SN neutrinos inside the Earth, and the results are crucial for the neutrino oscillation tomography.Comment: 18 pages, latex, 6 figures, talk given at the Nobel Symposium 129, ``Neutrino Physics'', Haga Slott, August 19 - 24, 200

Theoretical Prospects of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

The compelling experimental evidences for oscillations of solar and atmospheric neutrinos imply the existence of 3-neutrino mixing in vacuum. We briefly review the phenomenology of 3-neutrino mixing, and the current data on the 3-neutrino mixing parameters. The open questions and the main goals of future research in the field of neutrino mixing and oscillations are outlined. The predictions for the effective Majorana mass || in neutrinoless double beta (bb0nu-) decay in the case of 3-neutrino mixing and massive Majorana neutrinos are reviewed. The physics potential of the experiments, searching for bb0nu-decay and having sensitivity approximately 10 times better than the presently reached, for providing information on the type of the neutrino mass spectrum, on the absolute scale of neutrino masses and on the Majorana CP-violation phases in the PMNS neutrino mixing matrix, is discussed.Comment: 15 pages, 2 postscript figures, LATEX; Invited talk given at the Nobel Symposium (N 129) on Neutrino Physics, August 19 - 24, 2004, Haga Slott, Enkoping, Swede

On the New Conditions for a Total Neutrino Conversion in a Medium

We show that the arguments forming the basis for the claim that the conditions for total neutrino conversion derived and studied in detail in [1,2] ``are just the conditions of the parametric resonance of neutrino oscillations supplemented by the requirement that the parametric enhancement be complete'', given in [4] have flaws which make the claim physically questionable. We show also that in the case of the transitions in the Earth of the Earth-core-crossing solar and atmospheric neutrinos the peaks in the relevant transitions probabilities $P_{a b}$, associated with the new conditions, $max P_{a b} = 1$, are of physical relevance - in contrast to what is suggested in [4]. Actually, the enhancement of $P_{a b}$ in any region of the corresponding parameter space are essentially determined by these absolute maxima of $P_{a b}$. We comment on few other aspects of the results derived in [1,2,3] which have been misunderstood and/or misinterpreted in [4].Comment: 8 pages, late

A Study of the Day - Night Effect for the Super - Kamiokande Detector: I. Time Averaged Solar Neutrino Survival Probability

This is the first of two articles aimed at providing comprehensive predictions for the day-night (D-N) effect for the Super-Kamiokande detector in the case of the MSW \nu_e \to \numt transition solution of the solar neutrino problem. The one-year averaged probability of survival of the solar \nue crossing the Earth mantle, the core, the inner 2/3 of the core, and the (core + mantle) is calculated with high precision (better than 1%) using the elliptical orbit approximation (EOA) to describe the Earth motion around the Sun. Results for the survival probability in the indicated cases are obtained for a large set of values of the MSW transition parameters $\Delta m^2$ and $sin^22\theta_{V}$ from the ``conservative'' regions of the MSW solution, derived by taking into account possible relatively large uncertainties in the values of the $^{8}$B and $^{7}$Be neutrino fluxes. Our results show that the one-year averaged D-N asymmetry in the $\nu_e$ survival probability for neutrinos crossing the Earth core can be, in the case of $sin^22 \theta_{V} \leq 0.13$, larger than the asymmetry in the probability for (only mantle crossing + core crossing) neutrinos by a factor of up to six. The enhancement is larger in the case of neutrinos crossing the inner 2/3 of the core. This indicates that the Super-Kamiokande experiment might be able to test the $sin^22\theta_{V} \leq 0.01$ region of the MSW solution of the solar neutrino problem by performing selective D-N asymmetry measurements.Comment: LaTeX2e - 18 Text Pages + 21 figures = 39 Pages. - Figures in PS + text file sk1b14.tex requires two auxiliary files (included

Event Reconstruction in the PHENIX Central Arm Spectrometers

The central arm spectrometers for the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have been designed for the optimization of particle identification in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The spectrometers present a challenging environment for event reconstruction due to a very high track multiplicity in a complicated, focusing, magnetic field. In order to meet this challenge, nine distinct detector types are integrated for charged particle tracking, momentum reconstruction, and particle identification. The techniques which have been developed for the task of event reconstruction are described.Comment: Accepted for publication in Nucl. Instrum. A. 34 pages, 23 figure

Majorana Neutrinos, Neutrino Mass Spectrum and the |<m>| ~ 0.001 eV Frontier in Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

If future neutrino oscillation experiments show that the neutrino mass spectrum is with normal ordering, m1 < m2 < m3, and the searches for neutrinoless double beta-decay with sensitivity to values of the effective Majorana mass || > 0.01 eV give negative results, the next frontier in the quest for neutrinoless double beta-decay will correspond to || ~ 0.001 eV. Assuming that massive neutrinos are Majorana particles and their exchange is the dominant mechanism generating neutrinoless double beta-decay, we analise the conditions under which ||, in the case of three neutrino mixing and neutrino mass spectrum with normal ordering, would satisfy || > 0.001 eV. We consider the specific cases of i) normal hierarchical neutrino mass spectrum, ii) of relatively small value of the CHOOZ angle theta13 as well as iii) the general case of spectrum with normal ordering, partial hierarchy and a value of theta13 close to the existing upper limit. We study the ranges of the lightest neutrino mass m1 and/or of sin^2 theta13, for which ||> 0.001 eV and discuss the phenomenological implications of such scenarios. We provide also an estimate of || when the three neutrino masses and the neutrino mixing originate from neutrino mass term of Majorana type for the (left-handed) flavour neutrinos and m1 Ue1^2 + m2 U_e2^2 + m3 Ue3^2 =0, but there does not exist a symmetry which forbids the neutrinoless double beta-decay.Comment: 29 pages, 6 eps figure

Floquet theory of neutrino oscillations in the earth

We review the Floquet theory of linear differential equations with periodic coefficients and discuss its applications to neutrino oscillations in matter of periodically varying density. In particular, we consider parametric resonance in neutrino oscillations which can occur in such media, and discuss implications for oscillations of neutrinos traversing the earth and passing through the earth's core.Comment: LaTeX, 28 pages, 8 eps figures. Contribution to the special issue of Yad. Fiz. dedicated to the memory of A.B. Migda