5 research outputs found

    Zebrafish patient-derived xenograft models predict lymph node involvement and treatment outcome in non-small cell lung cancer

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    Background Accurate predictions of tumor dissemination risks and medical treatment outcomes are critical to personalize therapy. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in mice have demonstrated high accuracy in predicting therapeutic outcomes, but methods for predicting tumor invasiveness and early stages of vascular/lymphatic dissemination are still lacking. Here we show that a zebrafish tumor xenograft (ZTX) platform based on implantation of PDX tissue fragments recapitulate both treatment outcome and tumor invasiveness/dissemination in patients, within an assay time of only 3 days. Methods Using a panel of 39 non-small cell lung cancer PDX models, we developed a combined mouse-zebrafish PDX platform based on direct implantation of cryopreserved PDX tissue fragments into zebrafish embryos, without the need for pre-culturing or expansion. Clinical proof-of-principle was established by direct implantation of tumor samples from four patients. Results The resulting ZTX models responded to Erlotinib and Paclitaxel, with similar potency as in mouse-PDX models and the patients themselves, and resistant tumors similarly failed to respond to these drugs in the ZTX system. Drug response was coupled to elevated expression of EGFR, Mdm2, Ptch1 and Tsc1 (Erlotinib), or Nras and Ptch1 (Paclitaxel) and reduced expression of Egfr, Erbb2 and Foxa (Paclitaxel). Importantly, ZTX models retained the invasive phenotypes of the tumors and predicted lymph node involvement of the patients with 91% sensitivity and 62% specificity, which was superior to clinically used tests. The biopsies from all four patient tested implanted successfully, and treatment outcome and dissemination were quantified for all patients in only 3 days. Conclusions We conclude that the ZTX platform provide a fast, accurate, and clinically relevant system for evaluation of treatment outcome and invasion/dissemination of PDX models, providing an attractive platform for combined mouse-zebrafish PDX trials and personalized medicine

    Relatives experiences of the restraining order and visit restrictions on nursing homes during the covid-19 pandemic - a qualitative interview study

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    Bakgrund:  I december 2019 började ett coronavirus spridas. SARS-CoV-2 Àr det virus som orsakar sjukdomen covid-19. Sjukdomen fick snabb spridning och klassades som pandemi kort dÀrefter. PÄ sÀrskilda boenden bor mÀnniskor som har stort behov av stöd och omvÄrdnad. De Àr den frÀmsta riskgruppen för covid-19. Sveriges regering fattade den 30 mars 2020 ett beslut om besöksförbud pÄ alla Sveriges sÀrskilda boenden för att skydda de Àldre frÄn covid-19, förbudet upphörde 30 september. Besöksförbudet har för mÄnga Àldre inneburit en saknad efter nÀrstÄende som inte tillÄtits komma pÄ besök.   Motiv: Ett besöksförbud pÄ sÀrskilt boende för Àldre har aldrig tidigare existerat i Sverige. Föreliggande studie kommer att kunna leda till kunskap om hur besöksförbudet har upplevts av nÀrstÄende.   Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa nÀrstÄendes upplevelser av besöksförbudet och besöksrestriktioner pÄ sÀrskilt boende under covid-19 pandemin.   Metod: En kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats valdes. Individuella intervjuer genomfördes för att samla in data. Kvalitativ innehÄllsanalys anvÀndes för att analysera materialet.   Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i tvÄ kategorier; att hantera en prövande vardag, att kÀnna tillförsikt och sex underkategorier; att kÀnna vanmakt, att tappa kontakten, att uppleva oklara rutiner, att kÀnna hopp, att uppleva positiv kontakt och att acceptera besöksförbudet.   Konklusion: NÀrstÄende upplevde ett hinder i att upprÀtthÄlla kontakt med sin anhörig. KÀnslor av vanmakt och hopplöshet uppstod dÄ. NÀrstÄende kÀnde tillförsikt nÀr de kunde upprÀtthÄlla en god kontakt. NÀrstÄende upplevde oklara regler och rutiner men accepterade samtidigt besöksförbudet.

    Relatives experiences of the restraining order and visit restrictions on nursing homes during the covid-19 pandemic - a qualitative interview study

    No full text
    Bakgrund:  I december 2019 började ett coronavirus spridas. SARS-CoV-2 Àr det virus som orsakar sjukdomen covid-19. Sjukdomen fick snabb spridning och klassades som pandemi kort dÀrefter. PÄ sÀrskilda boenden bor mÀnniskor som har stort behov av stöd och omvÄrdnad. De Àr den frÀmsta riskgruppen för covid-19. Sveriges regering fattade den 30 mars 2020 ett beslut om besöksförbud pÄ alla Sveriges sÀrskilda boenden för att skydda de Àldre frÄn covid-19, förbudet upphörde 30 september. Besöksförbudet har för mÄnga Àldre inneburit en saknad efter nÀrstÄende som inte tillÄtits komma pÄ besök.   Motiv: Ett besöksförbud pÄ sÀrskilt boende för Àldre har aldrig tidigare existerat i Sverige. Föreliggande studie kommer att kunna leda till kunskap om hur besöksförbudet har upplevts av nÀrstÄende.   Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa nÀrstÄendes upplevelser av besöksförbudet och besöksrestriktioner pÄ sÀrskilt boende under covid-19 pandemin.   Metod: En kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats valdes. Individuella intervjuer genomfördes för att samla in data. Kvalitativ innehÄllsanalys anvÀndes för att analysera materialet.   Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i tvÄ kategorier; att hantera en prövande vardag, att kÀnna tillförsikt och sex underkategorier; att kÀnna vanmakt, att tappa kontakten, att uppleva oklara rutiner, att kÀnna hopp, att uppleva positiv kontakt och att acceptera besöksförbudet.   Konklusion: NÀrstÄende upplevde ett hinder i att upprÀtthÄlla kontakt med sin anhörig. KÀnslor av vanmakt och hopplöshet uppstod dÄ. NÀrstÄende kÀnde tillförsikt nÀr de kunde upprÀtthÄlla en god kontakt. NÀrstÄende upplevde oklara regler och rutiner men accepterade samtidigt besöksförbudet.

    Novel zebrafish patient-derived tumor xenograft methodology for evaluating efficacy of immune-stimulating bcg therapy in urinary bladder cancer

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    BACKGROUND: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is the standard-of-care adjuvant therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in patients at considerable risk of disease recurrence. Although its exact mechanism of action is unknown, BCG significantly reduces this risk in responding patients but is mainly associated with toxic side-effects in those facing treatment resistance. Methods that allow the identification of BCG responders are, therefore, urgently needed. METHODS: Fluorescently labelled UM-UC-3 cells and dissociated patient tumor samples were used to establish zebrafish tumor xenograft (ZTX) models. Changes in the relative primary tumor size and cell dissemination to the tail were evaluated via fluorescence microscopy at three days post-implantation. The data were compared to the treatment outcomes of the corresponding patients. Toxicity was evaluated based on gross morphological evaluation of the treated zebrafish larvae. RESULTS: BCG-induced toxicity was avoided by removing the water-soluble fraction of the BCG formulation prior to use. BCG treatment via co-injection with the tumor cells resulted in significant and dose-dependent primary tumor size regression. Heat-inactivation of BCG decreased this effect, while intravenous BCG injections were ineffective. ZTX models were successfully established for six of six patients based on TUR-B biopsies. In two of these models, significant tumor regression was observed, which, in both cases, corresponded to the treatment response in the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The observed BCG-related anti-tumor effect indicates that ZTX models might predict the BCG response and thereby improve treatment planning. More experiments and clinical studies are needed, however, to elucidate the BCG mechanism and estimate the predictive value

    Zebrafish patient-derived xenograft models predict lymph node involvement and treatment outcome in non-small cell lung cancer

    No full text
    Background Accurate predictions of tumor dissemination risks and medical treatment outcomes are critical to personalize therapy. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in mice have demonstrated high accuracy in predicting therapeutic outcomes, but methods for predicting tumor invasiveness and early stages of vascular/lymphatic dissemination are still lacking. Here we show that a zebrafish tumor xenograft (ZTX) platform based on implantation of PDX tissue fragments recapitulate both treatment outcome and tumor invasiveness/dissemination in patients, within an assay time of only 3 days. Methods Using a panel of 39 non-small cell lung cancer PDX models, we developed a combined mouse-zebrafish PDX platform based on direct implantation of cryopreserved PDX tissue fragments into zebrafish embryos, without the need for pre-culturing or expansion. Clinical proof-of-principle was established by direct implantation of tumor samples from four patients. Results The resulting ZTX models responded to Erlotinib and Paclitaxel, with similar potency as in mouse-PDX models and the patients themselves, and resistant tumors similarly failed to respond to these drugs in the ZTX system. Drug response was coupled to elevated expression of EGFR, Mdm2, Ptch1 and Tsc1 (Erlotinib), or Nras and Ptch1 (Paclitaxel) and reduced expression of Egfr, Erbb2 and Foxa (Paclitaxel). Importantly, ZTX models retained the invasive phenotypes of the tumors and predicted lymph node involvement of the patients with 91% sensitivity and 62% specificity, which was superior to clinically used tests. The biopsies from all four patient tested implanted successfully, and treatment outcome and dissemination were quantified for all patients in only 3 days. Conclusions We conclude that the ZTX platform provide a fast, accurate, and clinically relevant system for evaluation of treatment outcome and invasion/dissemination of PDX models, providing an attractive platform for combined mouse-zebrafish PDX trials and personalized medicine
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