Sinan Yapılarında Yakın ve Uzak Çevre İlişkileri Üzerine Düşünceler

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Unknown Istanbul: Zeyrek

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 12-Fatih-Edirnekapıİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS OF THREE-ROOTED MANDIBULAR MOLARS IN ANCIENT ANATOLIAN POPULATIONS (DILKAYA MOUND, VAN, TURKEY): A LITERATURE REVIEW ON WORLD POPULATIONS

WOS: 000343272400001This study reports the first recorded discovery of three-rooted mandibular molars (3RM) from a Middle Age archaeological population unearthed in Van, Eastern Anatolia. A historical context is given for the research site, Dilkaya Mound, which has a history of approximately 2500 years. In total 462 permanent first and second teeth, 219 deciduous teeth, and a total of 682 mandibular teeth belonging to 358 individuals from Early Iron Age and Middle Age populations were included in this study. The earliest recorded population on site which dates to the Early Iron Age shows no sign of 3RM1 and 3RM2. The 3RM1 feature first appears in Anatolia at a rate of 1,05% by the Middle Age. The frequency of 3RM2 was found at a rate of 0,67%, and 3RM3 at a rate of 2,44 % in the population. Three rooted deciduous lower first molar teeth (3rm1) were observed at a rate of 2,44%; a new feature in the literature. The results of our study support the existing explanation that genetic drift plays a significant role in the distribution of 3RM via the wave of migration to the west from Asia during the Middle Age

A spatially explicit life cycle inventory of the global textile chain

Background, aim, and scope: Life cycle analyses (LCA) approaches require adaptation to reflect the increasing delocalization of production to emerging countries. This work addresses this challenge by establishing a country-level, spatially explicit life cycle inventory (LCI). This study comprises three separate dimensions. The first dimension is spatial: processes and emissions are allocated to the country in which they take place and modeled to take into account local factors. Emerging economies China and India are the location of production, the consumption occurs in Germany, an Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development country. The second dimension is the product level: we consider two distinct textile garments, a cotton T-shirt and a polyester jacket, in order to highlight potential differences in the production and use phases. The third dimension is the inventory composition: we track CO2, SO2, NO x , and particulates, four major atmospheric pollutants, as well as energy use. This third dimension enriches the analysis of the spatial differentiation (first dimension) and distinct products (second dimension). Materials and methods: We describe the textile production and use processes and define a functional unit for a garment. We then model important processes using a hierarchy of preferential data sources. We place special emphasis on the modeling of the principal local energy processes: electricity and transport in emerging countries. Results: The spatially explicit inventory is disaggregated by country of location of the emissions and analyzed according to the dimensions of the study: location, product, and pollutant. The inventory shows striking differences between the two products considered as well as between the different pollutants considered. For the T-shirt, over 70% of the energy use and CO2 emissions occur in the consuming country, whereas for the jacket, more than 70% occur in the producing country. This reversal of proportions is due to differences in the use phase of the garments. For SO2, in contrast, over two thirds of the emissions occur in the country of production for both T-shirt and jacket. The difference in emission patterns between CO2 and SO2 is due to local electricity processes, justifying our emphasis on local energy infrastructure. Discussion: The complexity of considering differences in location, product, and pollutant is rewarded by a much richer understanding of a global production-consumption chain. The inclusion of two different products in the LCI highlights the importance of the definition of a product's functional unit in the analysis and implications of results. Several use-phase scenarios demonstrate the importance of consumer behavior over equipment efficiency. The spatial emission patterns of the different pollutants allow us to understand the role of various energy infrastructure elements. The emission patterns furthermore inform the debate on the Environmental Kuznets Curve, which applies only to pollutants which can be easily filtered and does not take into account the effects of production displacement. We also discuss the appropriateness and limitations of applying the LCA methodology in a global context, especially in developing countries. Conclusions: Our spatial LCI method yields important insights in the quantity and pattern of emissions due to different product life cycle stages, dependent on the local technology, emphasizing the importance of consumer behavior. From a life cycle perspective, consumer education promoting air-drying and cool washing is more important than efficient appliances. Recommendations and perspectives: Spatial LCI with country-specific data is a promising method, necessary for the challenges of globalized production-consumption chains. We recommend inventory reporting of final energy forms, such as electricity, and modular LCA databases, which would allow the easy modification of underlying energy infrastructur

Amelogenezis İmperfektalı Çocuk Hastada Estetik ve Fonksiyonun Sağlanması ile Elde Edilen Memnuniyet: Olgu Sunumu

Amelogenezis imperfekta (Aİ) süt ve daimi dentisyonda diş minesinin formasyonunu tahrip eden kalıtsal bir hastalıktır. Aİ'li hastaların tedavisi hem hekim hem de hasta açısından zorlu bir süreçtir. Bu olgu sunumunda Aİ tanısı konulan altı yaşında bir kız hastanın tedavi süreci sunulmaktadır. Tedavi planlamasında, hastanın yaşı göz önüne alınarak ve büyüme ve gelişimi etkilemekten kaçınmak amacıyla hastaya hareketli protezler yapılmasına karar verilmiştir. Konvansiyonel tam protezler yapılarak, vertikal boyut artırılmış, istenilen estetik ve fonksiyon kazanılmıştır. Ayrıca protetik tedaviden memnuniyet, bir anket yardımıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Hasta ve ebeveyn memnuniyetinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aİ'li hastalarda tedavi planlamasında; hastanın yaşı, sosyo-ekonomik durumu, hastalığın şiddeti ve tipi, planlama yapıldığı süreçteki intraoral durum ve en önemlisi hasta kooperasyonu gibi pek çok faktör rol oynamaktadır.Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary disorder that disrupts the formation of enamel in both primary and permanent dentition. Management of AI is a challenge for the patient and the clinician. This case report presents the management of AI in a sixyear-old female patient. Considering the patient's age, we decided to make removable dentures in order to avoid growth and development problems. Conventional complete dentures were made, vertical dimension was increased, and the desired aesthetics and function were gained. Additionally, satisfaction with prosthodontic rehabilitation was evaluated using a questionnaire. A high level of patient and parent satisfaction was obtained. Treatment planning for patients with AI is related to many factors including the age and socioeconomic status of the patient, the type and severity of the disorder, the intraoral situation at the time the treatment is planned and most importantly, cooperation of the patient plays a major role

Ad Tümcesindeki Yalın Tümlecin Yönetici Ad Olma Koşulları

Geleneksel dilbilgisi yapıtlarında, bu tip tümceler "ad tümcesi" adı altında anılır. Bunlara "ad tümcesi" denmesinin nedeni, bu tip tümcelerde sözlük anlamı olan, bağımsız bir fiilin bulunmayışıdır. Bu tip tümcelerde fiil çekim takıları doğrudan doğruya, tümleci oluşturan birime takılır. Ne var ki, böyle doğrudan tümlece bitiştirilen takıların sayısı sınırlıdır. Bu takılarla, Türkçeniıı ful çekim çizelgesinde bulunan tüm işlevleri karşılamak olanaksızdır. Eğer, bu takıların sınırlı işlevlerinin ötesinde bir işlev aktarmak istersek /ol/ fiiline başvururuz

The role of the landmarks in the legibility of holiday villages

Bu çalışmada mimari çevrenin okunabilirliğinde önemli bir bileşen olan “çevre işaretleri”nin turizm amaçlı bir yerleşme türü olan “tatil köyleri”nin  mekansal olarak okunmasındaki rolü değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme için Antalya İli Belek beldesinden üç adet tatil köyü seçilmiş, seçilen tatil köylerinde çevre işaretlerinin bireyler tarafından seçimini tespit etmek için anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Anket bireyin tatil köyü ile ilgili hatırladığı elemanların açık uçlu sorularla ve “bilişsel harita” çizimi ile tespitini sağlamıştır. Buna göre bir tatil köyünde, sahip olduğu rekreasyon ve dinlenme amaçlarına bağlı olarak bireylerin tespit ettikleri çevre işaretleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu veriler bize yeni bir tatil köyü tasarımında yüksek düzeyde okunabilirlik sağlanmasında çevre işaretlerinin ne tür özelliklere sahip olması gerektiği ile ilgili birtakım sonuçlar sunmaktadır.In this study the role of the "landmarks" which are one of the most important components in the legibility of an architectural environment has been evaluated in the spatial reading of the resort type "holiday village". Legibility means the ease of recognition and organization of parts of an urban space. Theoretically it has six components: landmarks, routes, nodes, edges, districts and complexity . Landmark is one and most important organizer of this process. A legible space rescues from being lost, eases quick move, develops a common sense psychology, gives emotional trust, increases potential density in experience and decreases chaos, anger and unconscious crowd in space. Landmarks helps to decrease all negative space effects on human psychology. In an urban design all the elements to be selected as a landmarks have to be found out. These findings can guide a new design to be much more legible and preferred. One of the methods of this kind of research is a case study in that environment. As an urban environment three holiday villages in the Mediterranean shores of Antalya-Belek have been selected for this evaluation. A questionnaire that determined the architectural elements chosen by the subject with open-ended question types and a "cognitive map" drawing exercise has been used. As a result the landmarks with relation to all recreation and resting facilities have been found out. These data have given us conclusion on the features of landmarks to develop a high level legibility for a holiday village settlement design study

The additional ımpact of simulation based medical training to traditional medical training alone in advanced cardiac life support: a scenario based evaluation

Objectives. The principal aim of medical education is to provide medical student with the fundamental knowledge and required skills that can be specifically used in real-life conditions such as high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Traditional medical training (TMT) is an effective method in Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) training. Simulation-based medical training (SBMT), with the advancements in technology, is a relatively new, but a preferred ACLS training method since it implements a safe educational environment. We planned a scenario-based study to evaluate the additional impact of SBMT to TMT alone in ACLS training. Methods. This before-after type, comparative, cohort study was performed in a simulation center. One hundred thirty-six 6th grade medical students who took ACLS training with TMT on their emergency medicine clerkship were enrolled in 34 teams. All students managed a specific ACLS scenario before and after SBMT with a high-fidelity manikin. All data regarding chest compression, airway management, defibrillation and drug administration were recorded by the sensors of the high-fidelity manikin. Results. Median age was 23 and 51.5% were male. After SBMT, we found significant increases in the successful CPR cycle rate and successful scenario completion rate (60.3%; 61.8%, respectively). Median time to chest compression (Tcc) and defibrillation (Tdef) were significantly decreased after SBMT (1 sec., 1 sec., respectively). For the adequacy of chest compressions, compression depth, recoil, and frequency are all significantly increased after SBMT, 7.0 mm, 6.0 mm and 8.5/min, respectively. Conclusion. SBMT in combination with TMT is a promising ACLS training method when compared to TMT alone