Institutional Influences on strategic entrepreneurial Behaviours

The purpose of this paper is to examine the existence of cross-level moderating effects between national appropriability conditions, individual level predictors and entrepreneurial growth aspirations. We test a multi-level model that connects the determinants of strategic resource allocation decisions at the individual level with the strength of the intellectual property rights regime at the national level. The results suggest that the strengths of the intellectual property regime will moderate negatively the relationship between an individual's education and her growth aspirations and moderate positively the relationship between an individual's income and her growth aspirations. The findings support claims that strategic entrepreneurial behavior cannot be fully understood without giving attention to the context in which those behaviors are observed.strategic entrepreneurship, multi-level analysis, intellectual property protection, growth aspirations

The Finnish paradox: The curious absence of high-growth entrepreneurship in Finland

This paper looks at how well Finland performs in high growth entrepreneurship and uses data from the Global Entrepreneurship monitor to benchmark Finland against other European countries. It is found that Finland's prevalence rate of high growth entrepreneurial activity lags significantly behind most of its European and all of its Scandinavian peers. That this weak performance in high-growth entrepreneurship goes hand in hand with Finland being a world leader in per capita investment in R&D may be described as a paradox. The reasons underlying the underperformance of Finland remain however unclear. At this point, explanations should be sought in culture, industrial traditions and systemic experience in high growth entrepreneurship

Institutional influences on strategic entrepreneurial behaviours

The purpose of this paper is to examine the existence of cross-level moderating effects between national appropriability conditions, individual level predictors and entrepreneurial growth aspirations. We test a multi-level model that connects the determinants of strategic resource allocation decisions at the individual level with the strength of the intellectual property rights regime at the national level. The results suggest that the strengths of the intellectual property regime will moderate negatively the relationship between an individual's education and her growth aspirations and moderate positively the relationship between an individual's income and her growth aspirations. The findings support claims that strategic entrepreneurial behavior cannot be fully understood without giving attention to the context in which those behaviors are observed

The role of prior domestic experience and prior shared experience in young firm internationalization

This article examines how the prior domestic experience of a founding team influences an entrepreneurial firm's ability to grow international sales. We argue that such experience leads to domestic mind-sets, which limit a team's ability to perceive and interpret international stimuli and impact negatively upon international sales growth. Previous studies have overlooked the shared component of such experience. Prior shared experience allows ventures to learn faster from internationalization as a result of team familiarity and transactive memory systems. In uncertain environments, such as geographically distant regions, ventures that have founding teams with prior shared experience are able to outperform those without such experience

The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor United Kingdom 2008 Executive Report

This report compares Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) measures of entrepreneurial attitudes, activity and aspiration in the UK with participating G7 countries and the large industrialized or industrializing countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China ('BRIC'). It also summarizes entrepreneurial attitudes, activity and aspiration within Government Official Regions of the UK and, for the first time, demonstrates the pattern of entrepreneurial activity at the sub-regional (NUTS2) level

Entrepreneurial profile of the UK in the light of the global entrepreneurship and development index

In this research summary, we provide a novel look into the entrepreneurial profile of the UK in an international context. We use a new method – the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index GEDI [1] – to identify the entrepreneurial strengths and weaknesses of the UK economy, as well as to identify potential bottlenecks that hold back the performance of the UK relative to other advanced economies. We begin by providing an overview of the main findings

The Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index – Measuring regional entrepreneurship

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY From a Managed to an Entrepreneurial Economy The shift from a ‘managed’ economy to an ‘entrepreneurial’ economy is among the most important challenges developed economies have faced over the last few decades. This challenge is closely coupled with the increasing importance of non-physical capital, such as human and intellectual capital for wealth creation. The most notable signs of this shift are the following: 1. knowledge is increasingly replacing physical capital and labor as the key driving force of economic growth; 2. individuals rather than large firms are the leading factor in new knowledge creation; 3. alongside with large conglomerates, new and small firms play a dominant role in translating newly created knowledge into marketable goods and services; 4. traditional industrial policy, with antitrust laws and small business protection, has been replaced by a much broader entrepreneurship policy aiming to promote entrepreneurial innovation and facilitate high-growth potential start-ups. Entrepreneurship Policy Three distinct foci can be identified in EU entrepreneurship policy, as it has evolved over time: 1. focus on SMEs; 2. focus on innovation through SMEs; 3. focus on high-growth SMEs. These co-existing foci reflect evolution in the understanding of the varied roles that entrepreneurship can play in economic development. However, although each of these focus areas adds important elements to the European economic policy toolbox, none of them alone provides a definitive answers to the diverse and varied challenges that different European regions face, as they seek to implement policies to enhance regional dynamism and competitiveness. The most recent evolution in entrepreneurship policy – an increasing emphasis on taking a more holistic and multi-pronged view of entrepreneurship, as advocated by the ‘entrepreneurship support ecosystem’ thinking – represents yet another evolution in European policy thinking. The focus on ‘entrepreneurship ecosystems’ calls attention to entrepreneurship support policies and initiatives over the entire lifecycle of the new venture, the key insight being that entrepreneurship support should be considered in a wider regional context. Thus, this emphasis naturally shifts focus towards a regional level of analysis, consistent with the focus of this current report and its ‘Systems of Entrepreneurship’ approach. Yet, although similar on the surface, the two concepts are fundamentally different. Whereas the notion of ‘Entrepreneurship Ecosystems’ focuses on entrepreneurship support policies and initiatives from a policy perspective, the notion of ‘Systems of Entrepreneurship’ draws attention to the entrepreneurial dynamic that ultimately drives productivity growth in regions. The two approaches therefore complement one 2 another, and the REDI index should provide important guidance for the design of entrepreneurship support ecosystems

Internationalization as a Business Model Design Process

Digitalization is transforming the dynamic of entrepreneurial opportunity pursuit to the extent that traditional theories of internationalization may no longer effectively explain firms’ internationalization patterns. To test alternative perspectives, we introduce a business model design lens to the study of entrepreneurial internationalization in the digital age. Drawing on a multiple case study research of six new ventures, we induct a three-layer model of internationalization process, which distinguishes between digital, ecosystem, and country layers. While the country layer is extensively studied in traditional internationalization models, the digital and ecosystem layers are new. Our case evidence shows that the digitalization of the firm’s context enables it to extend interactions beyond domestic borders already at the value discovery stage, thereby enabling internationalization in the formative stages of business model design process. The internationalization layers also demonstrate how new ventures that start as global, narrow their foreign market scope at later states

Internationalization as a Business Model Design Process

Digitalization is transforming the dynamic of entrepreneurial opportunity pursuit to the extent that traditional theories of internationalization may no longer effectively explain firms’ internationalization patterns. To test alternative perspectives, we introduce a business model design lens to the study of entrepreneurial internationalization in the digital age. Drawing on a multiple case study research of six new ventures, we induct a three-layer model of internationalization process, which distinguishes between digital, ecosystem, and country layers. While the country layer is extensively studied in traditional internationalization models, the digital and ecosystem layers are new. Our case evidence shows that the digitalization of the firm’s context enables it to extend interactions beyond domestic borders already at the value discovery stage, thereby enabling internationalization in the formative stages of business model design process. The internationalization layers also demonstrate how new ventures that start as global, narrow their foreign market scope at later states