Beneficial Effects of Quercetin on the Zone of Stasis in an Experimental Burn Model

Objective: In burn injury, the zone of stasis determines the width and depth of the necrosis. Our aim is to show the effectiveness of quercetin on the viability within the zone of stasis in burns of rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight rats were divided into three groups. The rats in Group 1 (control group) were only applied the comb burn model; the rats in Group 2 (post-burn group) were administered 50 mg/kg of quercetin intraperitoneally, every day after the burn procedure until euthanasia; and the rats in Group 3 (pre-burn group) were administered 50 mg/kg of quercetin intraperitoneally, every day for 7 days before and after the burn procedure until euthanasia. Results: The living tissue calculated was 85.41% (+/- 14.06) in Group 3, 40.37% (+/- 9.75) in Group 2, and 16.81% (+/- 9.4) in Group 1. The level of apoptosis was 30.0 (+/- 10.8) in Group 3, 33.8 (+/- 08.7) in Group 2, and 37.4 (+/- 11.5) in Group 1. The level of autophagy was 49.50 (+/- 8.58) in Group 3, 27.17 (+/- 5.53) in Group 2, and 21.00 (+/- 5.66) in Group 1. All the differences between the groups were statistically significant (p< 0.01). Conclusion: Quercetin reduces apoptosis and increases autophagy, thereby increasing tissue viability in the zone of stasis of burn injury.Namik Kemal University Research Center [NKUBAP.00.20.AR.15.01]The article was supported under project NKUBAP.00.20.AR.15.01 by the Namik Kemal University Research Center

Image Analysis for Cystic Fibrosis: Computer-Assisted Airway Wall and Vessel Measurements from Low-Dose, Limited Scan Lung CT Images

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting genetic disease that affects approximately 30,000 Americans. When compared to those of normal children, airways of infants and young children with CF have thicker walls and are more dilated in high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) imaging. In this study, we develop computer-assisted methods for assessment of airway and vessel dimensions from axial, limited scan CT lung images acquired at low pediatric radiation doses. Two methods (threshold- and model-based) were developed to automatically measure airway and vessel sizes for pairs identified by a user. These methods were evaluated on chest CT images from 16 pediatric patients (eight infants and eight children) with different stages of mild CF related lung disease. Results of threshold-based, corrected with regression analysis, and model-based approaches correlated well with both electronic caliper measurements made by experienced observers and spirometric measurements of lung function. While the model-based approach results correlated slightly better with the human measurements than those of the threshold method, a hybrid method, combining these two methods, resulted in the best results

Benzalkonyum Klorür Katkili Pva/Gelatin Nanolif Yapilarinin Antibakteriyel Özellikleri

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a hydrophilous and semi-crystallized. It has attracted much relevancy due to its pretty chemical endurance, fine thermal determination, decent physical specialities, wonderful bio-compatibility and cheapness. Gelatin (G) is a natural polymer and that are interesting materials for biomedical applications. Electrospinning is a simple method that provides very porous nanofiber production with high surface area. It is possible to produce biomedical, filtration, energy storage and protective materials by using electrospinning method. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a kind of anti-microbial cationic surface-active agent, which has been pretty used in merchant wound dressings and has a powerful status toward Gr+ bacteria. In this study, nanofibers were produced from electrospinning of BAC, PVA and G containing solutions at various concentrations. The fibers of obtained nanofiber structure were uniform, continuous and intensive. The optimum parameters in terms of good mechanical and antibacterial properties were determined. S2 sample, electrospun from 11.63% PVA + 1.0% G +1.0% BAC containing solution, had the best morphological and mechanical properties due to having the thinnest fiber diameter (51±13nm) and the highest vertical strength (4.299MPa) and horizontal strength (4.058MPa). It also had antibacterial activity against all the bacteria tested (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and S. aureus). Due to owning good mechanical and antibacterial properties, S2 sample can have many uses in medical sector.Poli (vinil alkol) (PVA), iyi kimyasal dayanımı, iyi termal kararlılığı, iyi fiziksel özellikleri, mükemmel biyouyumluluğu ve ucuzluğu nedeniyle çok dikkat çeken hidrofilik, yarı kristalli bir polimerdir. Jelatin (G) biyomedikal uygulamalar için ilginç ve doğal bir polimerdir. Elektroeğirme, yüksek yüzey alanına sahip çok gözenekli nano elyaf üretimi sağlayan basit bir yöntemdir. Elektrospinning yöntemi kullanılarak biyomedikal, filtrasyon, enerji depolama ve koruyucu malzemeler üretmek mümkündür. Benzalkonyum klorür (BAC), ticari yara sargısında yaygın olarak kullanılan ve Gram-pozitif bakterilere karşı güçlü bir role sahip olan bir tür antimikrobiyal katyonik yüzey aktif malzemedir. Bu çalışmada, çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda BAC, PVA ve G içeren çözeltilerin nano lifler üretilmiştir. Elde edilen nano lif yapısının lifleri homojen, sürekli ve yoğundur. İyi mekanik ve antibakteriyel özellikler açısından optimum parametreler belirlenmiştir. 11.63% PVA + 1.0% G +1.0% BAC içeren S2 örneği en iyi morfolojik ve mekanik özellikler göstermesinin yanında en ince elyaf çapına (51 ± 13nm) ve en yüksek dikey dayanıma (4.299MPa) ve yatay dayanıma (4.058MPa) sahiptir. Ayrıca test edilen tüm bakterilere (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis ve S. aureus) karşı antibakteriyel aktiviteye sahiptir. İyi mekanik ve antibakteriyel özelliklere sahip olması nedeniyle, S2 örneğinin tıbbi sektörde birçok kullanımı olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

How An Emergency Can Effect Urological Emergencies: COVID-19

Objective:Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has caused many changes in the health services since its inception. The change in the functioning of the emergency services and the decrease in admissions have also changed the form of consultations requested from the urology clinic. This study aims to reveal how the consultations requested from the urology clinic of a large hospital were affected during the COVID-19 period.Materials and Methods:In our study, one year before and after March 10, 2020, was divided into two groups as “pre-covid” and “covid era”. The gender, age, reason for consultation, result, date and time, hospitalization status of the patients were examined.Results:A total of 2018 consultations, 1242 in the pre-COVID period and 776 during the COVID period, were analyzed in the study. Although renal colic was the most common reason for consultation in both periods, its number and rate decreased significantly during the COVID period [384 (30.9%) vs. 165 (21.3%), p≤0.0001]. Proportionally, more patients were hospitalized during the COVID period [196 (15.8%) vs. 161 (20.7%), p=0.02]. In both periods, the most common reason for hospitalization was hematuria, but the difference was not statistically significant [26 (29.5%) vs. 20 (27.8%), p=0.261].Conclusion:COVID-19 has turned all health parameters upside down and has been one of the biggest factors affecting public health since the day it started. While the density and form of consultation requested from the urology clinic changed during the pandemic period, the hospitalization rates increased, so urology clinics should adapt accordingly for possible pandemic waves or epidemics in the future

Kersetinin Ratlarda, Yanık Staz Bölgesi Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yanık tedavisinde esas amaç hasarlanan doku miktarının minimal seviyede tutmaktır. Yanık alanın genişlik ve derinliğinin miktarı hastaların mortalite ve morbiditesini belirleyen temel faktördür. Staz zonu olarak tanımlanan ve koagulasyon alanını çevreleyen alan yanık sonrası oluşacak nekrozun derinlik ve genişliğini belirleyen kritik bölgedir. Birçok ajan staz zonundaki dokularının korunması için denenmiştir. Bu deneysel çalışmada birçok değişik doku üzerinde antioksidan, antiinflamatuar ve antiapoptotik etkisi olduğu bilen kersetinin yanık staz zonu üzerindeki etkisi incelenmektedir. Çalışmada kersetin tedavisi yapılmayan, akut(yanık sonrası tedaviye başlanan) kersetin tedavisi yapılan ve kronik(yanık öncesi tedaviye başlanan) kersetin tedavisi yapılan gruplar karşılaştırıldı. Tedavi sonrası yanık yarası genişliği planimetrik ve sintigrafik olarak değerlendirildi. Ek olarak doku örnekleri alınarak malondialdehyde(MDA), myeloperoksidaz(MPO) ve nitrotirozin seviyeleri, kersetinin antiinflamatuar ve antioksidan etkisinin gösterilmesi için ölçüldü ve doku örneklerinde apoptoz ve otofaji seviyesi belirlendi. Kersetin ile tedavi edilen gruplarda nekroz miktarının ve apoptozun kontrole göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olacak şekilde daha az olduğu, otofajinin de kontrol grubunda, kersetin ile tedavi edilen gruplara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olacak şekilde daha fazla olduğu görüldü. MDA,MPO and nitrotirozin ölçüm değerlerini bakımında gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olacak şekilde bir fark tespit edilmedi. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma da kersetinin staz zonu üzerinde koruyucu etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir.Keeping the amount of damaged tissue at a minimum is one of the primary goals of treatment in burns. The width and depth of the burned area is at the top of the factors affecting mortality and morbidity in patients.The zone of stasis, the encircling area of the zone of coagulation, is a critical area which determines the depth and width of the necrosis in burns. Many agents were proposed to salvage the zone of stasis. Due to the known antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of quercetin on multiple tissue, the effect of quercetin on saving the zone of stasis was investigated in this experimental study. No quercetin treatment, acute (treatment started after burn injury) quercetin treatment and chronic(treatment started before burn injury) quercetin treatment was compared in a rat comb-burn model. The extent of burn wounds was evaluated by planimetry and scintigraphy in the groups. Additionally, skin samples were obtained to analyze malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitrotyrosine to see antiinflamatuary and antioxidant effect of quercetin and apoptosis and autophagy levels were evaluate. Necrosis rate and apoptosis were statisticaly significant lower in quercetin treatment groups and autophagy level were statisticaly significant lower in control group. There were no difference between the groups in terms of MDA,MPO and nitrotyrosine concentrations. In conclusion, this study showed us the possible saving effect of quercetin on the zone of stasis

The Role of 18F-Flourodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in Pelvic and Paraaortic Lymph Node Staging of Uterine Cervical Cancer

 Abstract: Aim: We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of 18F-Flourodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the detection of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastases of uterine cervical cancer.Material and Method: 32 female patients (mean age: 56.1±12.6) who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for preoperative staging of uterine cervical cancer between April 2009 and October 2013 were included to the study. Ethical committee approval was taken from Ankara University Medical Faculty Ethics Committee. All the patients had been performed trans-vaginal examination and diagnosed as uterine cervical cancer before 18F-FDG PET/CT. 18F-FDG PET/CT findings were compared with histopathological examination results. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of pelvic MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT were calculated in the detection of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastases.Results: 18F-FDG uptake was seen in primary cervical lesions of all the patients. Mean SUV max of primary cervical lesions was calculated as 13.6±6.6 (range: 6.7-25). In 16 (50%) patients, 18F-FDG uptake was not seen in pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes. In the remaining patients, 18F-FDG uptake was detected in pelvic nodes in all the patients (50%) and in paraaortic nodes in 6 (18%) patients. Mean SUV max of pelvic lymph nodes were calculated as 8.4±5.2 and of paraaortic lymph nodes 12.45±6.41. 18F-FDG uptake was detected in a total of 47 lymph node stations in 16 patients. Mean SUVmax of all lymph nodes were calculated as 8.9±5.83 (range: 2.6-21.9). According to 18F-FDG PET/CT findings, disease was upstaged from I to IV in 1 (3%) patient, II to III in 2 (6%) patients, III to IV in 1 (3%) patients and I to III in 2 (6%) patients, and down staged from III to I in 1 (3%) patient, respectively. In the patient-based analysis, 18F-FDG PET/CT was TP, TN, FP and FN in 14 (%44), 14 (44%), 2 (6%) and 2 (6%) patients, respectively. Patients based sensitivity; specificity and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT were calculated as 87%, 87% and 87%, respectively. In the lesion-based analysis, 18F-FDG PET/CT was TP, FP, TN and FN in 30, 7, 37 and 5 lymph node stations, respectively. Lesion based sensitivity; specificity and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT were calculated as 85%, 84% and 84%, respectively.Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT is a reliable imaging tool with its high sensitivity and specificity in the pelvic and paraaortic lymph node staging of uterine cervical cancer. When performed in the preoperative staging it changes disease stage about in ¼ of patients. In combination of pelvic MRI, primary staging of primary cervical lesions and also pelvic/paraaortic lymph nodes can be done successfully

The Role of 18F-Flourodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in Pelvic and Paraaortic Lymph Node Staging of Uterine Cervical Cancer

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of 18F-Flourodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the detection of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastases of uterine cervical cancer.  Material and Method: 32 female patients (mean age: 56.1±12.6) who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for preoperative staging of uterine cervical cancer between April 2009 and October 2013 were included to the study. Ethical committee approval was taken from Ankara University Medical Faculty Ethics Committee. All the patients had been performed trans-vaginal examination and diagnosed as uterine cervical cancer before 18F-FDG PET/CT. 18F-FDG PET/CT findings were compared with histopathological examination results. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of pelvic MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT were calculated in the detection of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastases.  Results: 18F-FDG uptake was seen in primary cervical lesions of all the patients. Mean SUV max of primary cervical lesions was calculated as 13.6±6.6 (range: 6.7-25). In 16 (50%) patients, 18F-FDG uptake was not seen in pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes. In the remaining patients, 18F-FDG uptake was detected in pelvic nodes in all the patients (50%) and in paraaortic nodes in 6 (18%) patients. Mean SUV max of pelvic lymph nodes were calculated as 8.4±5.2 and of paraaortic lymph nodes 12.45±6.41. 18F-FDG uptake was detected in a total of 47 lymph node stations in 16 patients. Mean SUVmax of all lymph nodes were calculated as 8.9±5.83 (range: 2.6-21.9). According to 18F-FDG PET/CT findings, disease was upstaged from I to IV in 1 (3%) patient, II to III in 2 (6%) patients, III to IV in 1 (3%) patients and I to III in 2 (6%) patients, and down staged from III to I in 1 (3%) patient, respectively. In the patient-based analysis, 18F-FDG PET/CT was TP, TN, FP and FN in 14 (%44), 14 (44%), 2 (6%) and 2 (6%) patients, respectively. Patients based sensitivity; specificity and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT were calculated as 87%, 87% and 87%, respectively. In the lesion-based analysis, 18F-FDG PET/CT was TP, FP, TN and FN in 30, 7, 37 and 5 lymph node stations, respectively. Lesion based sensitivity; specificity and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT were calculated as 85%, 84% and 84%, respectively.  Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT is a reliable imaging tool with its high sensitivity and specificity in the pelvic and paraaortic lymph node staging of uterine cervical cancer. When performed in the preoperative staging it changes disease stage about in ¼ of patients. In combination of pelvic MRI, primary staging of primary cervical lesions and also pelvic/paraaortic lymph nodes can be done successfully

A Rare Complication of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Intrarenal Hematoma Mimicking Pelvis Renalis Tumor

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is a very commonly used treatment modality for appropriate sized stones. Even though it is a noninvasive treatment technique, major complications may occur following SWL sessions. Herein, we report a 17-year-old male patient, who received 2 sessions of SWL treatment for his left kidney stone, 4 months before his admission. Imaging methods showed an enhanced left renal pelvis mass with contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) and this finding raised a suspicion of pelvis renalis tumor. Diagnostic ureterorenoscopy was planned for the patient and operation revealed a left intrarenal hematoma, which was drained percutaneously during the same operation. Careful history should be taken from patients with renal pelvis masses and intrarenal hematoma formation should be kept in mind, especially if the patient has a previous SWL history

The prevalence of nutritional anemia in pregnancy in an east Anatolian province, Turkey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Anemia is considered a severe public health problem by World Health Organization when anemia prevalence is equal to or greater than 40% in the population. The purpose of this study was to determine the anemia prevalence with the associated factors in pregnant women and to determine the serum iron, folate and B12 vitamin status in anaemic pregnants in Malatya province.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This is a cross-sectional survey. A multi-sage stratified probability-proportional-to-size cluster sampling methodology was used. A total of 823 pregnant women from sixty clusters were studied. Women were administered a questionnaire related with the subject and blood samples were drawn. Total blood count was performed within four hours and serum iron, folate and B12 vitamin were studied after storing sera at -20 C for six months.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Anemia prevalence was 27.1% (Hb < 11.0 gr/dl). Having four or more living children (OR = 2.2), being at the third trimester (OR = 2.3) and having a low family income (OR = 1.6) were determined as the independent predictors of anemia in pregnancy. Anemia was also associated with soil eating (PICA) in the univariate analysis (p < 0.05). Of anaemic women, 50.0% had a transferrin saturation less than 10% indicating iron deficiency, 34.5% were deficient in B12 vitamin and 71.7% were deficient in folate. Most of the anemias were normocytic-normochromic (56.5%) indicating mixed anemia.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In Malatya, for pregnant women anemia was a moderate public health problem. Coexisting of iron, folate and B vitamin deficiencies was observed among anaemics. To continue anemia control strategies with reasonable care and diligence was recommended.</p

Gelibolu Mevlevihanesi iç mimari tezyinat programı

Gelibolu Mevlevihanesi’ni araştırmamdaki amacım, yapının mimari estetiğini ve iç mekânlarda bulunan ‘iç mimari tezyinat’ (kalemişi süslemeler) konularını ele almaktır. Dini yapılarda mimari oluşumun görkemi ve estetik biçimini destekleyen ve bütünleyen bir diğer öğe de, mistik görsellik sağlayan kalemişi dekorasyonlarıdır. Mimari tanımlamalarda çokça değinilmeyen kalemişi süsleme programları, kuşkusuz uygulandığı mekânlarda tamamlayıcı özellik göstermektedir. Çalışmamızın konusu olan Gelibolu Mevlevihanesi’nde, Mevlana’nın yaşam felsefesini ve öğretilerini, yapının mimari biçiminde, üzerindeki estetik değerlerde ve detaylarda görerek yaşamak mümkündür. Bu doğrultuda, Gelibolu Mevlevihanesi’nin iç mekânlarında bulunan kalemişi süslemeler ele alındığında yapılan tespitler doğrultusunda mevcut kalemişlerinin orijinal halleri ve restorasyon sonrasındaki durumları araştırmamızın yönünü belirleyecektir. Mevlevihanenin son olarak 1994–2004 tarihleri arasında Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından onarım ve restorasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2004 yılında tamamlanan restorasyon çalışması sonrasında, neredeyse tümü yeniden yapılmış ve restorasyon öncesinden, usul gereği örnek teşkil etmesi için bırakılması gereken numune alanların azlığı dikkat çekmektedir. Geçmişteki orjinal renk ve motiflerinin aynı şekilde yeniden uygulandığı konusunda tereddüt yaşanılan iç mekân kalemişi süslemelerinin oldukça canlı ve mübalağalı frapan renkleri dikkat çekmektedir