758 research outputs found
Myocardial recovery in peri-partum cardiomyopathy after continuous flow left ventricular assist device
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) offer effective therapy for severe heart failure (HF) as bridge to transplantation or destination therapy. Rarely, the sustained unloading provided by the LVAD has led to cardiac reverse remodelling and recovery, permitting explantation of the device. We describe the clinical course of a patient with severe peri-partum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) rescued with a continuous flow LVAD, who experienced recovery and explantation. We discuss assessment of and criteria for recovery
Oral Health in Women with a History of High Gestational Diabetes Risk
We studied oral health in 115 women with and without a history of gestational diabetes (GDM), expecting poorer oral health in the GDM group. Full-mouth examinations were performed 5 years postpartum and the number of teeth, total dental index (TDI) and decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index were calculated. Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), visible plaque index (VPI), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. The periodontal inflammatory burden index (PIBI) was calculated. Panoramic radiographs were taken and signs of infections recorded. Oral health habits, symptoms and participantsâ own opinion of oral health were recorded with questionnaires. At the time of examination, 45% of the women had a history of GDM in the index pregnancy. Mild periodontitis (62%) and bleeding on probing (46%) were common. VPI (13% and 17%, p = 0.009) and PIBI (13.1 and 17.5, p = 0.041) were lower among women with a history of GDM compared with those with no history of GDM. There was no difference between groups in DMFT scores. All women reported good subjective oral health. Thus, contrary to our hypothesis, women with a history of GDM showed better oral health parameters than women without a history of GDM
Interlaboratory comparison to evaluate the methodology for determination of the media filtration efficiency against nanoparticles
Current international standards dealing with efficiency test for filters and filter media focus on measurement of the minimum efficiency at the most penetrating particle size. The available knowledge and instruments provide a solid base for development of test methods to determine the effectiveness of filtration media against airborne nanoparticles down to single-digit nanometer range.
An interlaboratory evaluation was performed in the framework of the European Mandate M/461 activities, within the Technical Committee 195 of European Committee for Standardization (CEN/TC195). The purpose was to develop a methodology to determine effectiveness of filtration media against air-borne particles in the 3 â 500 nm range.
Five different laboratories (Camfil, ETH/Empa, Politecnico di Torino, University of Minnesota, Unifil) participate in the round robin test in order to verify the repeatability and reproducibility of the test method. The qualification of test rig and apparatus was performed prior of the filtration efficiency and air flow resistance measurement tests.Twilled dutch weave wire mesh was chosen to perform the validation filtration efficiency tests so as to ensure high uniformity of the samples being tested by each different laboratory. We present the experimental data with the discussion about their validity
Sleep homeostasis, seizures, and cognition in children with focal epilepsy
AIM: To investigate the link between sleep disruption and cognitive impairment in childhood epilepsy by studying the effect of epilepsy on sleep homeostasis, as reflected in slow-wave activity (SWA). METHOD: We examined SWA from overnight EEG-polysomnography in 19 children with focal epilepsy (mean [SD] age 11âyears 6âmonths [3âyears], range 6âyears 6âmonths-15âyears 6âmonths; 6 females, 13 males) and 18 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls, correlating this with contemporaneous memory consolidation task scores, full-scale IQ, seizures, and focal interictal discharges. RESULTS: Children with epilepsy did not differ significantly from controls in overnight SWA decline (p = 0.12) or gain in memory performance with sleep (p = 0.27). SWA was lower in patients compared to controls in the first hour of non-rapid eye movement sleep (p = 0.021), although not in those who remained seizure-free (p = 0.26). Full-scale IQ did not correlate with measures of SWA in patients or controls. There was no significant difference in SWA measures between focal and non-focal electrodes. INTERPRETATION: Overnight SWA decline is conserved in children with focal epilepsy and may underpin the preservation of sleep-related memory consolidation in this patient group. Reduced early-night SWA may reflect impaired or immature sleep homeostasis in those with a higher seizure burden
Sleep homeostasis, seizures, and cognition in children with focal epilepsy
AIM
To investigate the link between sleep disruption and cognitive impairment in childhood epilepsy by studying the effect of epilepsy on sleep homeostasis, as reflected in slow-wave activity (SWA).
METHOD
We examined SWA from overnight EEG-polysomnography in 19 children with focal epilepsy (mean [SD] age 11âyears 6âmonths [3âyears], range 6âyears 6âmonths-15âyears 6âmonths; 6 females, 13 males) and 18 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls, correlating this with contemporaneous memory consolidation task scores, full-scale IQ, seizures, and focal interictal discharges.
RESULTS
Children with epilepsy did not differ significantly from controls in overnight SWA decline (p = 0.12) or gain in memory performance with sleep (p = 0.27). SWA was lower in patients compared to controls in the first hour of non-rapid eye movement sleep (p = 0.021), although not in those who remained seizure-free (p = 0.26). Full-scale IQ did not correlate with measures of SWA in patients or controls. There was no significant difference in SWA measures between focal and non-focal electrodes.
INTERPRETATION
Overnight SWA decline is conserved in children with focal epilepsy and may underpin the preservation of sleep-related memory consolidation in this patient group. Reduced early-night SWA may reflect impaired or immature sleep homeostasis in those with a higher seizure burden
Adenoviral CD40 Ligand Immunotherapy in 32 Canine Malignant Melanomas-Long-Term Follow Up
Malignant melanoma is a serious disease in both humans and dogs, and the high metastatic potential results in poor prognosis for many patients. Its similarities with human melanoma make spontaneous canine melanoma an excellent model for comparative studies of novel therapies and tumor biology. Gene therapy using adenoviruses encoding the immunostimulatory gene CD40L (AdCD40L) has shown promise in initial clinical trials enrolling human patients with various malignancies including melanoma. We report a study of local AdCD40L treatment in 32 cases of canine melanoma (23 oral, 5 cutaneous, 3 ungual and 1 conjunctival). Eight patients were World Health Organization (WHO) stage I, 9 were stage II, 12 stage III, and 3 stage IV. One to six intratumoral injections of AdCD40L were given every seven days, combined with cytoreductive surgery in 20 cases and only immunotherapy in 12 cases. Tumor tissue was infiltrated with T and B lymphocytes after treatment, suggesting immune stimulation. The best overall response based on result of immunotherapy included 7 complete responses, 5 partial responses, 5 stable and 2 progressive disease statuses according to the World Health Organization response criteria. Median survival was 285 days (range 20-3435 d). Our results suggest that local AdCD40L therapy is safe and could have beneficial effects in dogs, supporting further treatment development. Clinical translation to human patients is ongoing.Peer reviewe
Psychometric Evaluation of the HIV Stigma Scale in a Swedish Context
Background
HIV-related stigma has negative consequences for infected people's lives and is a barrier to HIV prevention. Therefore valid and reliable instruments to measure stigma are needed to enable mapping of HIV stigma. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the HIV stigma scale in a Swedish context with regard to construct validity, data quality, and reliability.
Methods
The HIV stigma scale, developed by Berger, Ferrans, and Lashley (2001), was distributed to a cross-sectional sample of people living with HIV in Sweden (n = 194). The psychometric evaluation included exploratory factor analysis together with an analysis of the distribution of scores, convergent validity by correlations between the HIV stigma scale and measures of emotional well-being, and an analysis of missing items and floor and ceiling effects. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α.
Results
The exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor solution, similar to the original scale, with the dimensions personalised stigma, disclosure concerns, negative self-image, and concerns with public attitudes. One item had unacceptably low loadings and was excluded. Correlations between stigma dimensions and emotional well-being were all in the expected direction and ranged between â0.494 and â0.210. The instrument generated data of acceptable quality except for participants who had not disclosed their HIV status to anybody. In line with the original scale, all subscales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach's α 0.87â0.96.
Conclusion
A 39-item version of the HIV stigma scale used in a Swedish context showed satisfactory construct validity and reliability. Response alternatives are suggested to be slightly revised for items assuming the disclosure of diagnosis to another person. We recommend that people that have not disclosed should skip all questions belonging to the dimension personalised stigma. Our analysis confirmed construct validity of the instrument even without this dimension
Altered glucose-dependent secretion of glucagon and ACTH is associated with insulin resistance, assessed by population analysis
This study aimed to characterize how the dysregulation of counter-regulatory hormones can contribute to insulin resistance and potentially to diabetes. Therefore, we investigated the association between insulin sensitivity and the glucose- and insulin-dependent secretion of glucagon, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol in non-diabetic individuals using a population model analysis. Data, from hyperinsulinemicâhypoglycemic clamps, were pooled for analysis, including 52 individuals with a wide range of insulin resistance (reflected by glucose infusion rate 20â60 min; GIR 20â60min). Glucagon secretion was suppressed by glucose and, to a lesser extent, insulin. The GIR20â60min and BMI were identified as predictors of the insulin effect on glucagon. At no rmoglycemia (5 mmol/L), a 90% suppression of glucagon was achieved at insulin concentrations of 16.3 and 43.4 ÎŒU/mL in individuals belonging to the highest and lowest quanti les of insulin sensitivity, respectively. Insulin resistance of glucagon secretion explained the elevated fasting glucagon for individuals with a low GIR20â60min. ACTH secretion was suppressed by glucose and not affected by insulin. The GIR20â60min was superior to other measures as a predictor of glucose-dependent ACTH secretion, with 90% suppression of ACTH secretion by glucose at 3.1 and 3.5 mmol/L for insulin-sensitive and insulin-resista nt individuals, respectively. This difference may appear small but shifts the suppression rang e into normoglycemia for individuals with insulin resistance, thus, leading to earli er and greater ACTH/cortisol response when the glucose falls. Based on modeling of pooled glucose-clamp data, insulin resistance was associated with generally elevated glucagon and a potentiated cortisol-axis response to hypoglycemia, and over time both hormonal pathways may therefore contribute to dysglycemia and possibly type 2 diabetes
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