Itinerarios turísticos y cambio climático: un análisis en Porto Seguro (Bahia – Brasil)

Tour Itinerary and Climate Change: An Analysis of Porto Seguro (Bahia – Brazil) The objective of this study was to identify the effects of climate change on the natural resources used by the tourist routes of Porto Seguro, Bahia - Brazil. The methodology of the Brazilian Tourism Inventory, the theory of the Quadruple Botton Line and the norms of the Davos Declaration, are used for collecting and interpreting data, resulting in the elaboration of a conceptual framework. This table identified 9 parameters: name; theme; itinerary; ecosystem; Frequency; number of visitors; legal instrument of protection; factors of climate change and risks, which were replicated in the districts of the municipality. The tables were completed in two stages, the first exploratory and the second through interviews with semi-structured routes carried out in travel agencies, tourism operators and association of municipal tourism guides. For this, natural and cultural routes were formatted and marketed at the destination. The most used ecosystem is terrestrial. Of the attractions that compose the itineraries, 98% do not have a study of carrying capacity and are concentrated in environmentally fragile areas. All areas have a federal, state and / or municipal protection instrument. Nature road maps are vulnerable to the factors of climate change (rising sea levels, rising temperatures and changes in the rainfall regime), impacting greatly on the reception of company revenues. The risks range from cultural to habitat loss and species in addition tourism entrepreneurs have not adopted sustainable practices to reduce identified risks.El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los efectos del cambio climático sobre los recursos naturales utilizados en los itinerarios turísticos de Porto Seguro (Bahia – Brasil). Para la recolección e interpretación de los datos se utilizó la metodología del Inventario del Turismo Brasileño, las bases teóricas del Cuádruple Botton Line y de la Declaración de Davos, resultando en la elaboración de un cuadro conceptual. El mismo identificó 9 parámetros: nombre, tema, itinerario, ecosistema, periodicidad, número de visitantes, instrumento jurídico de protección, factores del cambio climático y riesgos, los cuales fueron replicados en los distritos del municipio. Los cuadros fueron completados en dos etapas, la primera exploratoria y la segunda a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas en agencias de viaje, transportadoras de turismo y asociaciones de guías de turismo municipales. Para esto se obtuvieron itinerarios naturales y culturales creados y comercializados en el destino. El ecosistema terrestre es el más utilizado. De los atractivos que componen los itinerarios, el 98% no posee un estudio de capacidad de carga y están concentrados en áreas ambientalmente frágiles. Todas las áreas poseen un instrumento de protección federal, estadual y/o municipal. Los itinerarios de naturaleza están vulnerables a los factores del cambio climático (aumento del nivel del mar, aumento de la temperatura y cambio en el régimen de lluvias), impactando en los ingresos de las empresas. Los riesgos varían desde los culturales hasta la pérdida de hábitats y especies, pero los empresarios no adoptan prácticas sustentables para reducir los riesgos identificados

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data