Effects of grape seed extract on periodontal disease: an experimental study in rats

Natural compounds capable of modulating the host response have received considerable attention, and herbal products are suggested as adjunctive agents in periodontal disease treatment. Objective This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on periodontitis. Material and Methods Ligature induced periodontitis was created in 40 rats and they were assigned to four equal groups. One group was fed laboratory diet (group A) while three groups received GSE additionally. Silk ligatures were placed around the cervical area of the mandibular first molars for four weeks to induce periodontitis. The GSE groups were reallocated regarding GSE consumption as: for two weeks before ligation (group B; totally eight weeks), from ligation to two weeks after removal of the ligature (group C; totally six weeks), and for two weeks from ligature removal (group D; totally two weeks). Sections were assessed histologically and immunohistochemically. Inflammatory cell number (ICN), connective tissue attachment level (CAL), osteoclast density (OD), IL-10 and TGF-β stainings in gingival epithelium (GE), connective tissue (GC), and periodontal ligament (PL) were used as the study parameters. Results Lower ICN, higher CAL, and lower OD were observed in the GSE groups (

The Usage of new generation antiepileptic drugs during the pregnancy

Epilepsi toplumda sık görülen bir hastalıktır. Hem anne hem de bebeğin hayatını ilgilendiren gebelik sürecinde, epilepsi gibi kronik bir hastalığın takibi ayrı bir önem taşımaktadır. Bu yazıda; gebelikte epilepsi hastalığının seyri, tedavide yeni nesil antiepileptik ilaçların kullanımı, bu ilaçların fetus üzerine etkileri ve farmakokinetiklerindeki değişikliklere değinilmiştir.Epilepsy is a common disease in the community. Chronic illness, such as epilepsy that has been concerning the lives of both mother and baby during pregnancy, following-up is getting more important. In this paper, the course of epilepsy during pregnancy, usage of new- generation antiepileptic drugs for treatment of epilepsy, the effects of these drugs on the fetus and changes of pharmacokinetic are mentioned

Flow cytometric examination of apoptotic effect on brain tissue in postnatal period created by intrauterine oxcarbazepine and gabapentin exposure

WOS: 000395357800008PubMed: 28814092OBJECTIVE: For epileptics, pregnancy contains the balance between no seizure period and antiepileptic use having the least teratogenicity risk. The purpose is to analyse with flow cytometry the apoptotic effects on postnatal brain tissue caused by prenatal use of second generation antiepileptics oxcarbazepine (OXC) and gabapentin (GBP) having different effect mechanisms. METHOD: 30 (n = 5 each group) Wistar albino male rats (45-days-old) are used. First 3 groups are exposed to OXC (100 mg/kg/day), GBP (50 mg/kg/day), and saline, respectively on the 1st-5th prenatal days (preimplantation-implantation period) while the second 3 groups are exposed to the same substances on the 6th-15th prenatal days (organogenesis), respectively. After sacrifice, brain tissue samples were made into suspension with mechanic and enzymatic digestion and examined with flow cytometry. RESULTS: While apoptosis rate appeared high in rats exposed to OXC on the 1st-5th (p < 0.001) and 6th-15th days (p < 0.001), no significant difference occurred for GBP (p = 0.004; p = 0.012) and saline (p = 0.012). Considering time effect in three treatment groups, while difference was not significant for PSS and GBP groups (p = 0.847 and p = 0.934), apoptosis rate was significantly high for OXC on the 6th-15th days compared to the 1st-5th days (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: It is observed that the use of OXC causes neurotoxicity during preimplantation, implantation and, especially, organogenesis period (neurogenesis) whereas GBP does not (Fig. 3, Ref 32). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.Giresun University's Scientific Research Project Office [SAGBAP-A-200515-24]Giresun University's Scientific Research Project Office supported this project (Project number: SAGBAP-A-200515-24)

EXPOSURE TO MELAMINE FROM THE EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD CAUSES NEPROTOXICITY: A HISTOPATHOLOGIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY

Objective: Melamine (mel), which is illegally added to formula to providing false-positive protein content, has caused acute renal failure in infants due to crystal formation. This study aimed to investigate the nephrotoxic effects of chronic low-dose mel exposure from the weaning period (supplementary food period)

Histopathological effects of shilajit on methotrexate induced testicular damage in rats

AMAÇ: Günümüzde antimetabolit grubunun kullanılan tek formu olan Metotreksat (MTX) meme, mesane ve testis kanserlerinin tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada MTX kullanımına bağlı, testiste oluşan histopatolojik değişikliklere karşı Shilajitin (PS)’in etkilerinin histopatolojik olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Yirmi dört adet Spraque Dawley erkek sıçan 4 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubuna herhangi bir uygulama yapılmadı. MTX grubuna, tek doz intra peritoneal (i.p.) 20 mg/kg MTX, MTX+PS grubuna deney süresinin (7 gün) ilk gününde tek doz i.p. 20 mg/kg MTX ve MTX verilmeden 15 dk önce 2 ml/kg distile suda 100 mg/kg PS çözülerek gavaj yoluyla verildi. İlk günü takiben gün aşırı, toplamda üç kez olacak şekilde 2 kez daha 2 ml/kg distile suda 100 mg/kg PS çözülerek gavaj yoluyla verildi. PS grubuna, ilk gün ve akabinde gün aşırı toplamda üç kez olacak şekilde sadece 2 ml/kg distile suda 100 mg/kg PS çözülerek gavaj yoluyla verildi. Yedinci günün sonunda, hayvanların tümü sakrifiye edilerek sol testisleri alındı. Testis doku örnekleri ışık mikroskobunda histopatolojik olarak değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Gruplar arası, vücut ve testis ağırlıkları karşılaştırıldığında kontrol ve deney grupları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadı (p>0.05). Histopatolojik değerlendirmede; MTX grubunda seminifer tübül çapında ve tübül epitel kalınlığında anlamlı derecede azalma gözlenirken (p<0.04), MTX+PS grubunda MTX grubuna göre seminifer tübül çapında ve tübül epitel kalınlığında ki azalmanın daha az olduğu gözlendi (p<0.04). Morfolojik değerlendirmede; MTX grubuna ait testis kesitlerinde, lümende olgunlaşmamış seminifer tübülepitel hücreleri ve spermatozoa azlığı, seminifer tübül epitelinde ve bazal membranında düzensizlikler ve interstisyel alanda ödem izlendi. MTX+PS grubuna ait testis kesitlerinde ise, seminifer tübül epitelinde düzensizlik olan ve lümenine olgunlaşmamış seminifer tübül epitel hücrelerinin dökülmüş olduğu birkaç tübül dışında herhangi bir patolojiye rastlanmadı. SONUÇ: Bulgularımız, MTX’in testiküler dokuda hasar meydana getirdiğini ve PS uygulamasının bu hasarı önemli ölçüde düzeltebileceğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak PS’nin, MTX tedavisinde oluşan testis hasarının önlenmesinde yararlı olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.OBJECTIVE: Methotrexate, only using form of antimetabolite group, has been used for breast, bladder and testicular cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to examine histopathologicly the effects of Shilajit (PS) on Methotrexate (MTX) induced testis damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty four Spraque Dawley male rats were divided up four groups. Control group was not treated. Group MTX was exposed to a single dose intraperitoneal (i.p.) 20 mg/ kg MTX, Group MTX+PS was exposed to 100 mg/kg PS in 2ml/kg saline by gava-ge before 15 minutes and then a single dose i.p. 20 mg/kg MTX. After first dosage of PS, it was given at the same dosage two times at the every other day during the expe-riment (7days). Group PS was exposed to only 100 mg/kg PS in 2ml/kg saline by gavage. At the end of experiement (7th day), all animals were sacrificed and left testises were taken. Testicular tissue samples were evaluated as histopatologically on the light microscope. RESULTS: When all groups compared with each other according to testicular and body weights, there was no statistically significant difference between all groups (p> 0.05). At the histopathological evaluation; the diamater and epithelial thickness of seminiforus tubules significantly decreased in Group MTX (p<0.04) and reduction was less in Group MTX+ PS compared with Group MTX (p<0.04). At the morfological evaluation; immature tubular epithelial cells, decreasing of sperm amount in the lumen, irregularities in the tubule epithelium and in the basal membrane, and edema in the interstitial space were observed in Group MTX. İt was observed no pathological changes in the seminiforus tubules except a few ones that represented irregularities and immature tubular epithelial cells in Group MTX+ PS. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that (MTX) might give rise to testicular damage and the treatment of PS may prevent this damage. As a result, PS may be useful for the prevention of testicular damage after MTX treatment

Histopathological effects of shilajit on methotrexate induced testicular damage in rats

AMAÇ: Günümüzde antimetabolit grubunun kullanılan tek formu olan Metotreksat (MTX) meme, mesane ve testis kanserlerinin tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada MTX kullanımına bağlı, testiste oluşan histopatolojik değişikliklere karşı Shilajitin (PS)’in etkilerinin histopatolojik olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Yirmi dört adet Spraque Dawley erkek sıçan 4 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubuna herhangi bir uygulama yapılmadı. MTX grubuna, tek doz intra peritoneal (i.p.) 20 mg/kg MTX, MTX+PS grubuna deney süresinin (7 gün) ilk gününde tek doz i.p. 20 mg/kg MTX ve MTX verilmeden 15 dk önce 2 ml/kg distile suda 100 mg/kg PS çözülerek gavaj yoluyla verildi. İlk günü takiben gün aşırı, toplamda üç kez olacak şekilde 2 kez daha 2 ml/kg distile suda 100 mg/kg PS çözülerek gavaj yoluyla verildi. PS grubuna, ilk gün ve akabinde gün aşırı toplamda üç kez olacak şekilde sadece 2 ml/kg distile suda 100 mg/kg PS çözülerek gavaj yoluyla verildi. Yedinci günün sonunda, hayvanların tümü sakrifiye edilerek sol testisleri alındı. Testis doku örnekleri ışık mikroskobunda histopatolojik olarak değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Gruplar arası, vücut ve testis ağırlıkları karşılaştırıldığında kontrol ve deney grupları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadı (p>0.05). Histopatolojik değerlendirmede; MTX grubunda seminifer tübül çapında ve tübül epitel kalınlığında anlamlı derecede azalma gözlenirken (p<0.04), MTX+PS grubunda MTX grubuna göre seminifer tübül çapında ve tübül epitel kalınlığında ki azalmanın daha az olduğu gözlendi (p<0.04). Morfolojik değerlendirmede; MTX grubuna ait testis kesitlerinde, lümende olgunlaşmamış seminifer tübülepitel hücreleri ve spermatozoa azlığı, seminifer tübül epitelinde ve bazal membranında düzensizlikler ve interstisyel alanda ödem izlendi. MTX+PS grubuna ait testis kesitlerinde ise, seminifer tübül epitelinde düzensizlik olan ve lümenine olgunlaşmamış seminifer tübül epitel hücrelerinin dökülmüş olduğu birkaç tübül dışında herhangi bir patolojiye rastlanmadı. SONUÇ: Bulgularımız, MTX’in testiküler dokuda hasar meydana getirdiğini ve PS uygulamasının bu hasarı önemli ölçüde düzeltebileceğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak PS’nin, MTX tedavisinde oluşan testis hasarının önlenmesinde yararlı olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.OBJECTIVE: Methotrexate, only using form of antimetabolite group, has been used for breast, bladder and testicular cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to examine histopathologicly the effects of Shilajit (PS) on Methotrexate (MTX) induced testis damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty four Spraque Dawley male rats were divided up four groups. Control group was not treated. Group MTX was exposed to a single dose intraperitoneal (i.p.) 20 mg/ kg MTX, Group MTX+PS was exposed to 100 mg/kg PS in 2ml/kg saline by gava-ge before 15 minutes and then a single dose i.p. 20 mg/kg MTX. After first dosage of PS, it was given at the same dosage two times at the every other day during the expe-riment (7days). Group PS was exposed to only 100 mg/kg PS in 2ml/kg saline by gavage. At the end of experiement (7th day), all animals were sacrificed and left testises were taken. Testicular tissue samples were evaluated as histopatologically on the light microscope. RESULTS: When all groups compared with each other according to testicular and body weights, there was no statistically significant difference between all groups (p> 0.05). At the histopathological evaluation; the diamater and epithelial thickness of seminiforus tubules significantly decreased in Group MTX (p<0.04) and reduction was less in Group MTX+ PS compared with Group MTX (p<0.04). At the morfological evaluation; immature tubular epithelial cells, decreasing of sperm amount in the lumen, irregularities in the tubule epithelium and in the basal membrane, and edema in the interstitial space were observed in Group MTX. İt was observed no pathological changes in the seminiforus tubules except a few ones that represented irregularities and immature tubular epithelial cells in Group MTX+ PS. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that (MTX) might give rise to testicular damage and the treatment of PS may prevent this damage. As a result, PS may be useful for the prevention of testicular damage after MTX treatment

The effect of beta glucan on MTX induced testicular damage in rats

WOS: 000432534800008PubMed: 29363342We investigated the histopathological effects of methotrexate (MTX), a chemotherapeutic agent, and beta glucan (BG), an antioxidant, on rat testis. We used four groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats: MTX, MTX + BG, BG, and control. The MTX group was exposed to a single dose of MTX on the first day of experiment. The MTX + BG group was exposed to a single dose of MTX and BG on the first day of experiment followed by BG for 4 additional days. The BG group was exposed to BG for 5 days. The control group was given saline for 5 days. On day five, all animals were sacrificed and testicular tissue was evaluated for histopathology and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay (TUNEL) was used to detect apoptosis. The apoptotic index (AI) and testicular damage increased in the MTX group compared to the other three groups. Histopathology was reduced in the MTX + BG group compared to the MTX group. Seminiferous tubule diameter was reduced in the MTX group compared to the BG group; we found no difference between control and BG groups. The thickness of th e germinal epithelium was reduced in the MTX group compared to the other groups. We found no difference in testicular weight among the groups. We compared body weight before and after the experiment; weights in the MTX and MTX + BG groups were significantly reduced compared to controls. In the control groups, we found a statistically significant increase in body weight, whereas there was no change in the BG group. We found that MTX causes deleterious effects on testicular tissue and that beta glucan may be protective.Blacksea Technical University's Scientific Research Project Office [BAP02-11940]Blacksea Technical University's Scientific Research Project Office supported this project (Project number: BAP02-11940)

Effects of intravitreous sodium hydrosulfide on intraocular pressure and retinopathy in ocular hypertensive rats

Erisgin, Zuleyha/0000-0003-3523-6542WOS: 000432534800002PubMed: 29215307We investigated the possible neuroprotectant and intraocular pressure (TOP) lowering effects of intravitreous injection of sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) in a rodent model of experimental glaucoma. Glaucoma currently is treated by controlling TOP using medications and/or surgery. These methods are not entirely adequate for all patients. We divided 24 rats into three groups. For the control group, the right eye was treated with intravitreous saline. For the glaucoma group, ocular hypertension was induced by photocoagulating three episcleral veins and the limbal plexus of the right eye using an argon laser, then saline was injected into the vitreous of these eyes during the third week. For the NaSH group, rats were treated with intravenous NaSH 3 weeks after photocoagulation. IOP was measured each week during the 6 week experimental period. Coagulating the episcleral veins rapidly increased the IOP of rat eyes. Intravitreous injection of NaSH significantly reduced IOP. Intravitreous NaSH prevented degeneration of the retina and decreased the number of apoptotic cells. Intravitreous NaSH appeared to reduce IOP and to prevent IOP induced retinopathy in rats