The Regulation of International Navigation through the Northern Sea Route. Russian Legislation and International Law

The objectives of this paper are to: examine and clarify the legal framework regarding the regulation of international navigation on the Northern Sea Route; determine and analyze policy and national legislation of the Russian Federation and its development since Soviet times; identify the international legal basis on which the position of the Russian Federation is based that support its unilateral regulation of international navigation on the Northern Sea Route, and last but not least analyze and assess this regulation with compliance or possible incongruence with the applicable international law, especially the International Law of the Sea

Implementasi Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Berbasis Syariat Islam Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah Daerah

AbstractClear regulation is needed regarding the arrangement in term of authority and the process of establishing regional regulations based on Islamic sharia. This is aimed at avoiding contradictions with the legislation established by the central government. Islamic sharia- based on regional regulation are made in order to implemention freedom of regulation in religion as guaranteed on 1945 constitution Article 29. So that regional regulations are able to make a positive contribution to the development of national law in Indonesia. Keywords: Regional Regulations, Islamic Sharia AbstrakDiperlukan  pengaturan yang jelas tentang tatanan dari segi kewenangan dan proses pembentukan Peraturan daerah yang berbasis syariat Islam. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menghindari pertentangan dengan aturan perundang-undangan yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah pusat. Perda yang berbasis syariat Islam dibuat dalam rangka untuk mengimplementasikan kebebasan pengaturan dalam beragama sebagaimana yang telah dijamin dalam Pasal 29 UUD 1945. Sehingga  Perda tersebut mampu memberikan kontribusi yang positif bagi pembangunan hukum nasional di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Peraturan Daerah, Syariat Isla

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ADVANCE ORGANIZER DENGAN MENERAPKAN MIND MAP UNTUK PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang pengaruh siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran matematika yang menggunakan model Advance Organizer dengan menerapkan mind map dan siswa dengan pembelajaran direct instruction untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman matematis, serta respons siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan. model Advance Organizer dengan menerapkan mind map. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitiannya adalah non equivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X di salah satu SMA Negeri di Kota Cimahi, tahun ajaran 2019/2020, selanjutnya diambil dua kelas sebagai sampel dari sejumlah kelas X dengan teknik purposive sampling. Satu kelas sebagai kelas eksperimen yang mengikuti pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model Advance Organizer dengan menerapkan mind map dan satu kelas lainnya sebagai kelas kontrol yang mengikuti pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model direct instruction. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa pada kelas eksperimen yang mendapatkan pembelajaran matematika dengan model Advance Organizer dengan menerapkan mind map lebih baik daripada siswa pada kelas kontrol yang mendapatkan pembelajaran model direct instruction; (2) respons siswa secara keseluruhan memberikan respon yang tergolong cukup baik terhadap proses pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model Advance Organizer dengan menerapkan mind map.-------------This research aims to gain the view of students’ infuence who learned mathematics through advance organizer model implementing mind map and those learning through direct instruction method to improve the ability of mathematical understanding, along with students’ response of mathematics teaching learning using advance organizer model implementing mind map. The method used in this research is quasi experimental research by designing research by non- equivalent control group research design. The population of this research are the X grade students of a certain state Senior High School (SMA) in Cimahi, in academic year 2019/2020. The sample of this research are two grade X classes obtained by purposive sampling method. One class, with mathematics teaching learning advance organizer model implementing mind map,the other a control class using direct instruction mathematics teaching learning.. Based on this research, it can be concluded that: (1) the improvement ability of mathematical understanding in the experimental class which get mathematics teaching learning by using advance organizer model implementing mind map is better than students in the control class that implemented conventional teaching learning; (2) all students give good enough responses to the mathematics teaching learning using advance organizer model by applying mind map

Uji Kualitatif Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Pada Daun Palado (Agave Angustifolia) Yang Diekstraksi Dengan Pelarut Air Dan Etanol

Study on qualitative test of secondary metabolites compounds has been done on Palado leaves (Agave angustifolia) extracted in water and ethanol by maceration technique. The aim of this research was to determine the chemical content of Palado leaves. The methode used was phytochemical scrinning (qualitative test) using test tube to determine type of the active compounds contained in the plant. Chemicals tested in this study were alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, and tannins. Components of Palado leaves extracted in water and ethanol were analysed by colour test using several reagents to determine alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, and tannins. Specific reagents used in this study interacted with the sample based on the principle of ‘like dissolve like’. The results showed that the water and ethanol extracts of Palado leaves contained alcaloids, flavonoids dan tannins

Soil development on the Crimean peninsula in the late holocene

The study of soils of different ages in different physiographic regions of the Crimean Peninsula made it possible to reveal the main regularities of pedogenesis in the Late Holocene (in the past 2800 years)yesBelgorod State Universit

Challenges in evaluating surgical innovation

Research on surgical interventions is associated with several methodological and practical challenges of which few, if any, apply only to surgery. However, surgical evaluation is especially demanding because many of these challenges coincide. In this report, the second of three on surgical innovation and evaluation, we discuss obstacles related to the study design of randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies assessing surgical interventions. We also describe the issues related to the nature of surgical procedures—for example, their complexity, surgeon-related factors, and the range of outcomes. Although difficult, surgical evaluation is achievable and necessary. Solutions tailored to surgical research and a framework for generating evidence on which to base surgical practice are essential.The Balliol Colloquium has been supported by Ethicon UK with unrestricted educational grants and by the National Institute of Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme. The Balliol Colloquium was administratively and financially supported by the Nuffield Department of Surgery at the University of Oxford and the Department of Surgery at McGill University. JAC holds a Medical Research Council UK special training fellowship. The University of Aberdeen’s Health Services Research Unit is core funded by the Chief Scientist Offi ce of the Scottish Government Health Directorates. IB is supported by a grant from the Société Française de Rhumatologie and Lavoisier Program (Ministère des Aff aires Etrangères et Européennes). PLE is a DPhil Candidate in Evidence-Based Health Care at Oxford University

The Lost Fresco Paintings of the Inkerman Cave Churches (“Temple with Baptistery”, “Church of Geography”, Monastery of Saint Sophia)

Introduction. Among the “cave towns” of Mountainous Southwestern Crimea, there are monuments located in the lower reaches of the Black River valley. There are no less than 9 rock-cut monastic complexes which include about 30 temples. Methods. Some churches of the 13th–15th centuries were decorated with fresco paintings. Today, frescoes have been preserved only in one church. Sources of the 18th–20th centuries indicate traces of paintings in more than five temples. Frescoes inside the “temple with baptistery”, “Church of Geography (Eugraphy)”, and the Monastery of St. Sophia have not survived. Archival materials that expose the plots and compositions are published in this work. Analysis. The frescoes of the “temple with baptistery” date back to the 13th century. The Deesis composition is reconstructed in the apse conch. In the “Church of Geography (Eugraphy)” (the 13th century), on each side of the throne, four figures of saints are depicted (The Holy Fathers composition). This is probably: John Chrysostom, Gregory the Theologian, Basil the Great, Cyril of Alexandria, Gregory of Nyssa, Athanasius of Alexandria and two more saints from among the Cappadocian Fathers. One of them is obviously St. Blaise. This painting in general terms repeats the traditional scheme of the lower register of the painting of the apses of the cave temples of the mountainous Crimea. The monastery of St. Sofia should be dated back to the 14th–15th centuries. During the period of the monastery’s functioning, there were fresco paintings in the Main Church and Church no. 3, but all the attempts to attribute them were unsuccessful. Results. The analyzed frescoes show themes of Deesis and the Great Cappadocians. They are common for altar compositions in cave temples in South-West Crimea. In the interiors of the cave temples of Inkerman, there are: simple linear ornaments, complex plant reports, linear ornaments with complex weaving and plant elements

Reassessing the Periodization of Mural Paintings in the Cave Church of the Southern Mangup Monastery

Introduction. The Southern Monastery is located in the southern part of the Mangup plateau in a natural rock grotto. The cave church is in the eastern side of the grotto. It is decorated with mural paintings. The murals of the church are concentrated in the altar. Frescos are divided into the images on the apse, on the altar arch and on the vaults of the church. Methods. Authors give the periodization of frescos comparing iconography and stylistics. Analysis. The images on the apse are flat. The eaves of the altar arch are similar to the icon row. Saints on the arches of the church have their original compositional solution. The apse’s painting was formed earlier than other architectural divisions of the church interior. The fundamentally different organization of the tectonics of the pictorial surface of the altar arch eave and vaults suggests that different artists made these images at short intervals. Results. The church’s murals of the Southern Mangup Monastery were probably formed in three stages. Different artists, who were the representatives of various eastern Christian schools of sacred painting, made the murals. Due to the closed compositional scheme the painting system appears as an indissoluble whole, despite the definite duration of the murals’ formation in the church of the Southern Mangup Monastery. In general, the paintings of the church of the Southern Mangup Monastery date from the early – the third quarter of the 15th century. Probably this monastery is associated with the ruling dynasty of Theodoro