Enzymatic glyceride synthesis in a foam reactor

We report the results of our study on Rhizomucor miehei lipaseâ catalyzed lauric acidâ glycerol esterification in a foam reactor. A satisfactory yield of glyceride synthesis can be achieved with an unusually high initial water content (50% w/w). We found that product formation could be regulated by controlling foaming. Foaming was a function of the air flow rate, reaction temperature, pH value, ionic strength, and substrate molar ratio. Monolaurin and dilaurin, which constituted nearly 80% of the total yield, were the two dominant products in this reaction; trilaurin was also formed at the initial stages of the reaction. A study of pH and ionic strength effects on an independent basis revealed that they affect the interfacial mechanism in different manners. On varying the ratio of lauric acid and glycerol, only a slight change in the degree of conversion was detected and the consumption rate of fatty acid was approximately the same.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141443/1/aocs0643.pd

Global mortality and readmission rates following COPD exacerbation-related hospitalisation: a meta-analysis of 65 945 individual patients

\ua9 2024, European Respiratory Society. All rights reserved.Background Exacerbations of COPD (ECOPD) have a major impact on patients and healthcare systems across the world. Precise estimates of the global burden of ECOPD on mortality and hospital readmission are needed to inform policy makers and aid preventive strategies to mitigate this burden. The aims of the present study were to explore global in-hospital mortality, post-discharge mortality and hospital readmission rates after ECOPD-related hospitalisation using an individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA) design. Methods A systematic review was performed identifying studies that reported in-hospital mortality, postdischarge mortality and hospital readmission rates following ECOPD-related hospitalisation. Data analyses were conducted using a one-stage random-effects meta-analysis model. This study was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA-IPD statement. Results Data of 65 945 individual patients with COPD were analysed. The pooled in-hospital mortality rate was 6.2%, pooled 30-, 90- and 365-day post-discharge mortality rates were 1.8%, 5.5% and 10.9%, respectively, and pooled 30-, 90- and 365-day hospital readmission rates were 7.1%, 12.6% and 32.1%, respectively, with noticeable variability between studies and countries. Strongest predictors of mortality and hospital readmission included noninvasive mechanical ventilation and a history of two or more ECOPD-related hospitalisation

Mycobacterium smegmatis pneumonia

Mycobacterium smegmatis is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium that is usually associated with soft tissue or wound infections in humans. Pulmonary infections secondary to this pathogen are rarely seen and occur only in patients with an underlying condition, such as lipoid pneumonia. This report presents the first case of M, smegmatis pneumonia in an otherwise healthy individual who had no predisposing condition

UJI KUALITAS WEBSITE INDONESIAX MENGGUNAKAN METODE SYSTEM USABILITY SCALE (SUS)

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the closure of all types of educational institutions around the world as the delivery of education has now shifted to an exclusivity (online only) model. In this case, the perceived usefulness of the currently used online learning platform is an important aspect, especially in the absence of face-to-face classes. In this particular case, IndonesiaX is used as a reference platform to evaluate the perceived usefulness for the development of this system. The evaluation was carried out using the System Usability Scale (SUS), which is a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) based approach. Usability evaluation was conducted on 25 respondents using IndonesiaX. Based on the results of the Usability evaluation, the IndonesiaX platform has a score of 69.4 and is considered to have met the Usability element

Bina İçi Yönlendirme Sistemlerinde Kullanılan En Kısa Yol Algoritmalarının Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Mimari açıdan karmaşık ve içinde fazla sayıda insanın bulunacağı şekilde tasarlanan ofis veya eğitim binaları gibi yapılarda, herhangi bir doğal afette ve/veya acil durumda büyük ölçekte can kayıpları ve yaralanmalar yaşanabilmektedir. Ayrıca, bir afet/acil durum sonrasında değişen bina koşulları ardışık afetleri ve/veya tehlikeleri (örneğin deprem sonrası çıkan yangınlar) tetikleyebilmektedir. Etkin bir bina içi yönlendirme sistemi, afetlerde/acil durumlarda yaşanan problemleri en aza indirgeyerek can kayıplarını azaltmada kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bina içi yönlendirmede amaç, bina içersinde bulunan kişilerin, afetlerden/acil durumlardan ve tetiklenebilecek ardışık tehlikelerden en az etkilenecek şekilde en kısa yoldan güvenli bölgelere yönlendirilmeleridir. Bu amaçla bina içi yönlendirme sistemlerinde en kısa yol (EKY) algoritmaları kullanılmaktadır. Literatürde, araştırmacıların yönlendirme sistemlerini oluştururken hangi EKY algoritmasını tercih etmeleri gerektiği yönünde bir boşluk bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma bulgularının, bina içi yönlendirme sistemi geliştirme çalışmalarında en uygun algoritmanın seçimine kılavuzluk etmesi hedeflenmektedir. Literatürdeki bina içi yönlendirme çalışmaları araştırılarak en sık kullanılan EKY algoritmalarının afet sonrası oluşan yeni yapı koşullarında kısa yol belirlemedeki performansları incelenmiştir. Yönlendirme sistemlerinde kullanılacak olan EKY algoritmalarının sağlamaları gereken özellikler belirlenen altı adet ölçüt ışığında afet/acil durum yönetimi bakış açısıyla kıyaslaması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, afetlerde/acil durumlarda kullanılabilecek bina içi yönlendirme sistemlerinden beklenenleri en uygun şekilde sağlayan EKY algoritması üzerine tartışma ve öneriler sunulmuştur

Evaluation of the efficacy of Olyset® Plus in a village-based cohort study in the Cukurova Plain, Turkey, in an area of hyperendemic cutaneous leishmaniasis

PubMed ID: 25424269ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to measure the protective efficacy of Olyset® Plus, a new long-lasting factory-treated insecticidal net (LLIN) incorporated with 2% permethrin and 1% of the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO), against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) transmission under field conditions. A village-scale trial, promoting the use of LLIN by the local inhabitants of the study area was conducted as a pilot study in a new hyperendemic focus of CL caused by a Leishmania infantum/L. donovani hybrid parasite transmitted by proven vector species Phlebotomus tobbi in Cukurova Plain, Adana, Turkey, between May, 2013 and May, 2014. The study area comprised eight villages; two of them were selected as an intervention village with Olyset® Plus net (Kizillar) and a control village without net application (Malihidirli). Six villages with surrounding allopatric barriers were utilized as a buffer zone cluster between intervention and control villages. Monthly entomological surveys were performed in the intervention and control villages and Damyeri, representing the other six villages, to collect adults of Phlebotomus tobbi. Results showed a significant reduction in cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in the intervention village from 4.78% to 0.37%. The protective efficacy rate of LLIN was 92.2%. In contrast, incidence rates increased in the control village from 3.67% to 4.69%. We also evaluated residual insecticide levels of used nets after six and 12 months of usage. It was determined that the nets had retained full insecticidal strength. These results highlight the value of real-world data on bed net effectiveness and longevity to guide decisions regarding sand fly control strategies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first field study to evaluate Olyset® Plus efficacy in a hyperendemic cutaneous leishmaniasis area. © 2014