Utjecaj toplinske obrade na fizikalna i mehanička svojstva te na svojstva lijepljenih spojeva drva kalabrijskog bora (Pinus brutia Ten.)

In this study, the effects of heat treatment on some physical, mechanical, wettability and bonding properties of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) were investigated. Specimens were exposed to heat under atmospheric pressure at four different temperatures (120, 150, 180, 210 °C) and three different time levels (2, 5, 8 hours). Weight loss, bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) in bending, Young’s modulus in compression, compression strength parallel to grain, contact angle, and bonding performance using shear tests were evaluated. All of the properties of the specimens tested were affected by heat treatment of different intensity. As a result, softer treatments yielded some increase in mechanical properties, but increase of time and temperature resulted in significant decrease in mechanical properties with decreasing mass loss. Contact angle measurements before and after treatment indicated a significant increase in wood hydrophobicity. Shear strength of the specimens were diminished when time and temperature of heat treatment were increased.U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja učinaka toplinske obrade na neka fizikalna i mehanička svojstva, sposobnost kvašenja i svojstva lijepljenih spojeva drva kalabrijskog bora (Pinus brutia Ten.). Uzorci su izloženi utjecaju topline pod atmosferskim tlakom pri četiri različite temperature (120, 150, 180 i 210 °C) i tri različita vremena izlaganja (2, 5 i 8 sati). Primjenom smičnih testova određeni su gubitak mase, čvrstoća na savijanje (MOR), modul elastičnosti (MOE) pri savijanju, Youngov modul pri tlačnom opterećenju, tlačna čvrstoća paralelno s vlakancima, kontaktni kut i svojstva lijepljenog spoja. Toplinska obrada drva utjecala je na sva istraživana svojstva uzoraka kalabrijskog bora, ali je taj utjecaj bio različitog intenziteta. Rezultati su pokazali da blaži uvjeti toplinske obrade neznatno pridonose povećanju vrijednosti mehaničkih svojstava, a porast vremena i temperature toplinske obrade rezultirali su značajnim smanjenjem vrijednosti mehaničkih svojstava i smanjenjem gubitka mase. Mjerenje kontaktnog kuta na površini uzoraka prije i nakon toplinske obrade pokazalo je značajan porast hidrofobnosti drva. Pri povećanju vremena i temperature toplinske obrade smanjila se smična čvrstoća uzoraka

A preliminary study of the effect of phytoadditive carvacrol on the trace elements (Cu, Mn and Zn) content in fish tissues

Phytoadditives have gained increasing interest as feed additives for fish. The aim of the present study was to determine whether selected dietary phytoadditive can influence the bioavailability of several trace elements (Cu, Mn and Zn), which play an important role in the physiological processes. The experiments were carried out at a commercial trout farm. A total of 420 juvenile rainbow trout (mean weight ± SD = 10.79±0.57), Oncorhynchus mykiss, were randomly allocated into four different treatments with three replicates each. Fish were kept in raceways (3X0.8X0.4 m) at 10±1°C with a natural photoperiod. Proper amount of carvacrol was sprayed on 1 kg of commercial trout diet to prepare four diets with 0 (Control, C0), 1 (C1), 3 (C3) and 5 (C5) carvacrol g/kg diet. Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times per day. The feeding trial lasted four weeks. Then, in different type of fish tissues (muscle, liver and pyloric caeca) from fish fed with diets enriched in carvacrol, beneficial elements (Cu, Mn and Zn) were analysed by atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. Results showed that the levels of Cu, Zn and Mn were especially significantly increase by C1 diet in all tissues (muscle, liver and pyloric caeca) except muscle and pyloric caeca Zn. The results of this experiment indicate that the carvacrol had the ability to potentiate the trace element retention. Although bioaccumulations of Cu, Zn and Mn in the muscle, liver and pyloric caeca are well demonstrated, the exact mechanisms of phytoadditives are still only partially understood. More investigations are required to detail the mechanisms involved in phytoadditives this enhancement

Combined Effects of Dietary Bacillus subtilis and Trans-cinnamic Acid on Growth Performance, Whole Body Compositions, Digestive Enzymes and Intestinal bacteria in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In this study, the combined effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis (BS, 10 7 g/cfu) and different levels (0.025%, 0.050%, 0.075% and 0.150%) of trans-cinnamic acid (CA) on fish growth performance, whole body compositions, digestive enzymes, intestinal bacteria and internal organ index of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. Six different experimental groups including control group (C), C+BS, 0.025%CA+BS, 0.050%CA+BS, 0.075CA+BS, 0.150%CA+BS) were established. According to the results obtained, growth performance, whole body compositions and digestive pH were not statistically significant among groups. Further, no significant differences were found between experimental groups in terms of the intestinal enzymes (trypsin, alkaline phosphatase and lipase) and gastric pepsin. Significantly higher levels of intestinal amylase were found in the control+BS, 0.025%CA+BS, 0.050% CA+BS, and 0.075%CA+BS compared to the control and 0.150%CA+BS groups. Moreover, coliform and Enterobacteriaceae counts were highest in the control+B. subtilis and lowest in the 0.150% CA + B. subtilis groups

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in the Diagnosis and Management of Choledochal Cysts

Choledochal cysts are an uncommon anomaly of the biliary system manifested by cystic dilatation of the extra or intrahepatic biliary tree or both. It is most frequently found in Orientals and in females. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a valuable imaging technique in the diagnosis of choledochal cysts in adults. Additionaly, in selected cases, a choledochocele may be effectively managed by endoscopic sphincterotomy. We present clinical and endoscopic findings of six adult patients with choledochal cysts. Clinical symptoms were characterized by abdominal pain, jaundice and cholangitis. Associated hepatobiliary pathologic findings included cholelithiasis, recurrent acute pancreatitis, gallbladder carcinoma, Cystolithiasis, choledocholithiasis, biliary stricture and hepatic abscess

Lesions in the thymus and bone marrow in chicks with experimentally induced chicken infectious anemia disease

One-day-old SPF chicks were inoculated with the Cux-l strain of chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), and the clinical development of disease and its macroscopic and microscopic alterations in the thymus and bone marrow, were observed. Tissue sections of thymus and bone marrow were stained using the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method and examined under light microscope for evaluation of antigenic intensities in tissues. Those findings were then compared with blood parameters and ELISA results obtained through collected sera during sacrifice procedures. We sought to determine: the localization of viral antigens in thymus and bone marrow tissues after inoculation, the correlation between antigen intensities and hematologic, serologic and histopathologic findings, definitive diagnostic criteria using histopathologic and immunoperoxidase methods, and the reliability of these methods in the diagnosis of CIAV infection. For this purpose, 83, one-day-old SPF chicks were used. The birds were divided into experimental (n = 52) and control (n = 26) groups. A virus dose of TCID50 of 100,000/ml was administered intramuscularly to every bird in the experimental group. Based on the results of this study, we have suggested that clinical examination, along with macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the thymus and bone marrow, maybe undertaken starting from day 7 post-inoculation (PI). ELISA, might be of value, as it might give consistent results starting from day 14 PI. However, the most reliable results were obtained through examination of thymus and bone marrow sections from infected birds stained by immunoperoxidase technique, as early as day 4 PI

Pneumoconiosis and respiratory problems in dental laboratory technicians: Analysis of 893 dental technicians

Objectives: To explore the rate of pneumoconiosis in dental technicians (DTP) and to evaluate the risk factors. Material and Methods: Data of 893 dental technicians, who were admitted to our hospital in the period January 2007–May 2012, from 170 dental laboratories were retrospectively examined. Demographic data, respiratory symptoms, smoking status, work duration, working fields, exposure to sandblasting, physical examination findings, chest radiographs, pulmonary function tests and high-resolution computed tomography results were evaluated. Results: Dental technicians’ pneumoconiosis rate was 10.1% among 893 cases. The disease was more common among males and in those exposed to sandblasting who had 77-fold higher risk of DTP. The highest profusion subcategory was 3/+ (according to the International Labour Organization (ILO) 2011 standards) and the large opacity rate was 13.3%. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, it was the largest DTP case series (N = 893/90) in the literature in English. Health screenings should be performed regularly for the early diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, which is an important occupational disease for dental technicians

Effects of Cumin-Supplemented Diets on Growth and Disease (Streptococcus iniae) Resistance of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

The effects of dietary cumin (Cuminum cyminum) as a feed additive on growth performance and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) were studied. Five isonitrogenous (37% crude protein) and isocaloric (18.6 kj/g) diets were formulated to contain 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, or 2.0% cumin. Fifteen aquaria (80 l) were stocked with 15 fish (0.56±0.02 g), each, and fish were fed one of the five diets for 75 days. The cumin supplementation did not affect the feed conversion rate (FCR) or specific growth rate (SGR). Cumulative mortality was 60% in fish fed the 0% control diet and challenged with Streptococcus iniae. However, in fish fed the 1.0%, 1.5%, or 2.0% supplemented diets, mortality was only 10.42%, 31.25%, and 37.50%, respectively. In conclusion, a dietary cumin level of 1% provides the best survival rate for tilapia, O. mossambicus, without adversely affecting growth performance or feed utilization

Enhancement of Growth Performance and Pigmentation in Red Oreochromis mossambicus Associated with Dietary Intake of Astaxanthin, Paprika, or Capsicum

Diets for tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were supplemented with astaxanthin, paprika, or capsicum to determine their effects on growth performance and pigmentation. Seven isonitrogenous (37% crude protein) and isoenergetic (18 kJ/g) diets were formulated to contain 40 or 60 mg carotenoid per kg diet. Triplicate groups of 210 fish were stocked in 21-l plastic boxes and fed one of the three experimental diets or the control diet for 45 days. Significantly better final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and food conversion ratio were obtained with the diets containing 40 or 60 mg/kg paprika than with control diet (p<0.05). In general, the carotenoid-supplemented diets significantly increased the values of redness (a*), yellowness (b*), and chroma (C*), and decreased the values of lightness (L*) and hue (Hoab) on the tail, body, and head areas (p<0.05). Results show that paprika or capsicum oleoresin can be used as an alternative natural carotenoid source in O. mossambicus diets to ensure good pigmentation, better growth, and feed utilization