Priskos’un eserinde yer alan Türk adetleri

Bu çalışmada, Avrupa Hunları hakkındaki temel birinci el kaynak olan Priskos’un eserinde aktardığı Hun adetlerinin analizi ve diğer Türk topluluklarının adetleriyle kıyaslama amaçlanmıştır. Priskos, Hun Hakanı Atilla’ya elçilik görevinde bulunmuş ve gözlemlerini Bizans tarihiyle birlikte aktarmıştır. Eserin satır aralarında, karşılaştığı Hun adetlerini aktaran müverrih, anlatımda detaylı bir tasvir gerçekleştirmemiştir

Genome reconstructions indicate the partitioning of ecological functions inside a phytoplankton bloom in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica

© The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Microbiology 6 (2015): 1090, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01090.Antarctica polynyas support intense phytoplankton blooms, impacting their environment by a substantial depletion of inorganic carbon and nutrients. These blooms are dominated by the colony-forming haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica and they are accompanied by a distinct bacterial population. Yet, the ecological role these bacteria may play in P. antarctica blooms awaits elucidation of their functional gene pool and of the geochemical activities they support. Here, we report on a metagenome (~160 million reads) analysis of the microbial community associated with a P. antarctica bloom event in the Amundsen Sea polynya (West Antarctica). Genomes of the most abundant Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria populations have been reconstructed and a network analysis indicates a strong functional partitioning of these bacterial taxa. Three of them (SAR92, and members of the Oceanospirillaceae and Cryomorphaceae) are found in close association with P. antarctica colonies. Distinct features of their carbohydrate, nitrogen, sulfur and iron metabolisms may serve to support mutualistic relationships with P. antarctica. The SAR92 genome indicates a specialization in the degradation of fatty acids and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (compounds released by P. antarctica) into dimethyl sulfide, an aerosol precursor. The Oceanospirillaceae genome carries genes that may enhance algal physiology (cobalamin synthesis). Finally, the Cryomorphaceae genome is enriched in genes that function in cell or colony invasion. A novel pico-eukaryote, Micromonas related genome (19.6 Mb, ~94% completion) was also recovered. It contains the gene for an anti-freeze protein, which is lacking in Micromonas at lower latitudes. These draft genomes are representative for abundant microbial taxa across the Southern Ocean surface.This work was performed with financial support from NSF Antarctic Sciences awards ANT-1142095 to AP

The 'glocalisation' of Istanbul's retail property market

Purpose The continuation of globalisation and liberalisation processes has prompted the restructuring of many national and local property markets. The research examines the evolution of Istanbul's retail property market to identify how global and local agents engage with one another to produce a unique “glocalized” outcome. Design/methodology/approach The morphogenetic approach is adapted and applied to analyse the dynamics of market change. The focus is on the character and behaviour of national and international market actors and how they interact with the wider political economy. The research uses a combination of elite interviews, document analysis and corporate case studies to obtain empirical evidence. Findings The liberalisation of the Turkish economy heralded the entry of the first international companies into Istanbul's retail property market in the 1990s. International involvement expanded rapidly after 2004, accelerating the process of market re-structuring. However, while the number of global buy-outs increased, the expansion of local property companies–and the establishment of some international/national corporate partnerships–was even more marked. This resulted in a “glocalised” market with a strong and distinctive local culture. Originality/value Istanbul has been a major centre of trade for millenia. This is the first substantive analysis of the recent restructuring of the city's retail property market. Previous research on market maturity and market evolution has paid limited attention to the dynamics of change. The paper describes the use of a process-based theoretical framework (morphogenesis) that was explicitly designed to analyse structural shifts in socio-economic conditions through an examination of the characteristics and behaviours of the actors involved

Componential coding in the condition monitoring of electrical machines Part 2: application to a conventional machine and a novel machine

This paper (Part 2) presents the practical application of componential coding, the principles of which were described in the accompanying Part 1 paper. Four major issues are addressed, including optimization of the neural network, assessment of the anomaly detection results, development of diagnostic approaches (based on the reconstruction error) and also benchmarking of componential coding with other techniques (including waveform measures, Fourier-based signal reconstruction and principal component analysis). This is achieved by applying componential coding to the data monitored from both a conventional induction motor and from a novel transverse flux motor. The results reveal that machine condition monitoring using componential coding is not only capable of detecting and then diagnosing anomalies but it also outperforms other conventional techniques in that it is able to separate very small and localized anomalies

Determination of anomalous pulmonary venous return with high-pitch low-dose computed tomography in paediatric patients

Background: In this study, we aimed to image pulmonary venous return anomalies and associated cardiovascular and pulmonary abnormalities by high-pitch low-dose computed tomography (CT) in children. Materials and methods: Forty-one patients with total or partial anomalous pulmonary venous return anomalous between May 2012 and June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The anomalies were determined using high-pitch low-dose CT. The patients’ mean age was 3 years (6 months to 15 years), and 24 of them were female. Results: There were 10 patients with total pulmonary venous return anomalies (TPVRA) and 31 patients with partial pulmonary venous return anomalies (PPVRA). Six (60%) patients with TPVRA had the supracardiac type, 2 (20%) had the cardiac type, and 2 (20%) had the mixed type. All patients with TPVRA had a large atrial septal defect (ASD), 1 patient also had patent ductus arteriosus, and 1 patient had right cardiac hypertrophy. Forty cases of PPVRA were found in 31 patients. Twenty-seven (67%) of them were right-sided, and 13 were left-sided (33%). Twenty (65%) patients also had an additional cardiovascular anomaly (ASD in 12 patients, persistent superior vena cava in 4 patients, patent ductus arteriosus in 3 patients, and aortic coarctation in 2 patients). Of the 27 patients with right-sided PPVRA, it drained into the superior vena cava in 19 patients, the right atrium in 5 patients, and the inferior vena cava in 3 patients. In left-sided cases, the anomalous pulmonary vein drained into the left innominate vein in 9 patients, and in 4 patients, there were accessory pulmonary veins that drained into the left innominate vein. Many of the patients had additional lung anomalies, including pneumonic infiltration (n = 12), atelectasis (n = 8), and lobar emphysema (n = 5), and some of these findings coexisted. Conclusions: Anomalous pulmonary venous drains and associated cardiac and extra-cardiac anomalies can be detected reliably and quickly with high-pitch low-dose CT without sedation in paediatric patients

proovframe: frameshift-correction for long-read (meta)genomics

Long-read sequencing technologies hold big promises for the genomic analysis of complex samples such as microbial communities. Yet, despite improving accuracy, basic gene prediction on long-read data is still often impaired by frameshifts resulting from small indels. Consensus polishing using either complementary short reads or to a lesser extent the long reads themselves can mitigate this effect but requires universally high sequencing depth, which is difficult to achieve in complex samples where the majority of community members are rare. Here we present proovframe, a software implementing an alternative approach to overcome frameshift errors in long-read assemblies and raw long reads. We utilize protein-to-nucleotide alignments against reference databases to pinpoint indels in contigs or reads and correct them by deleting or inserting 1-2 bases, thereby conservatively restoring reading-frame fidelity in aligned regions. Using simulated and real-world benchmark data we show that proovframe performs comparably to short-read-based polishing on assembled data, works well with remote protein homologs, and can even be applied to raw reads directly. Together, our results demonstrate that protein-guided frameshift correction significantly improves the analyzability of long-read data both in combination with and as an alternative to common polishing strategies. Proovframe is available from https://github.com/thackl/proovframe

Quantifying Robotic Swarm Coverage

In the field of swarm robotics, the design and implementation of spatial density control laws has received much attention, with less emphasis being placed on performance evaluation. This work fills that gap by introducing an error metric that provides a quantitative measure of coverage for use with any control scheme. The proposed error metric is continuously sensitive to changes in the swarm distribution, unlike commonly used discretization methods. We analyze the theoretical and computational properties of the error metric and propose two benchmarks to which error metric values can be compared. The first uses the realizable extrema of the error metric to compute the relative error of an observed swarm distribution. We also show that the error metric extrema can be used to help choose the swarm size and effective radius of each robot required to achieve a desired level of coverage. The second benchmark compares the observed distribution of error metric values to the probability density function of the error metric when robot positions are randomly sampled from the target distribution. We demonstrate the utility of this benchmark in assessing the performance of stochastic control algorithms. We prove that the error metric obeys a central limit theorem, develop a streamlined method for performing computations, and place the standard statistical tests used here on a firm theoretical footing. We provide rigorous theoretical development, computational methodologies, numerical examples, and MATLAB code for both benchmarks.Comment: To appear in Springer series Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering (LNEE). This book contribution is an extension of our ICINCO 2018 conference paper arXiv:1806.02488. 27 pages, 8 figures, 2 table

Calomplification — the power of generative calorimeter models

Motivated by the high computational costs of classical simulations, machine-learned generative models can be extremely useful in particle physics and elsewhere. They become especially attractive when surrogate models can efficiently learn the underlying distribution, such that a generated sample outperforms a training sample of limited size. This kind of GANplification has been observed for simple Gaussian models. We show the same effect for a physics simulation, specifically photon showers in an electromagnetic calorimeter

Leishmania guyanensis parasites block the activation of the inflammasome by inhibiting maturation of IL-1β.

The various symptomatic outcomes of cutaneous leishmaniasis relates to the type and potency of its underlying inflammatory responses. Presence of the cytoplasmic javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@52daeaa2 RNA virus-1 (LRV1) within javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@be11ae5 , worsens lesional inflammation and parasite burden, as the viral dsRNA genome acts as a potent innate immunogen stimulating Toll-Like-Receptor-3 (TLR3). Here we investigated other innate pattern recognition receptors capable of reacting to dsRNA and potentially contributing to LRV1-mediated inflammatory pathology. We included the cytoplasmic dsRNA sensors, namely, the RIG-like receptors (RLRs) and the inflammasome-dependent and -independent Nod-like-receptors (NLRs). Our study found no role for RLRs or inflammasome-dependent NLRs in the pathology of javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@3dfe8dc4 infection irrespective of its LRV1-status. Further, neither LRV1-bearing javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@6e03fdb4 ( javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@6b89952c +) nor LRV1-negative javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@68bc8c8a ( javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@2165acf4 ) activated the inflammasome javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@507a0b31 . Interestingly, similarly to javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@77fdd4e7 , javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@7b29ce4e infection induced the up-regulation of the A20 protein, known to be involved in the evasion of inflammasome activation. Moreover, we observed that javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@77a7dfd3 + promoted the transcription of inflammasome-independent NLRC2 (also called NOD2) and NLRC5. However, only NLRC2 showed some contribution to LRV1-dependent pathology. These data confirmed that the endosomal TLR3 pathway is the dominant route of LRV1-dependent signalling, thus excluding the cytosolic and inflammasome pathways. We postulate that avoidance of the inflammasome pathways is likely an important mechanism of virulence in javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@77047195 infection irrespective of the LRV1-status

Pd nanocube decoration onto flexible nanofibrous mats of core-shell polymer-ZnO nanofibers for visible light photocatalysis

Plasmonic enhancement for electron-hole separation efficiency and visible light photocatalysis was achieved by Pd nanocube decoration on a ZnO nanolayer coated onto electrospun polymeric (polyacrylonitrile (PAN)) nanofibers. Since exciton formation and sustainable electron-hole separation have a vital importance for realizing better solar energy in photovoltaic and photocatalytic devices, we achieved visible light photocatalysis by Pd nanocube decoration onto well designed core-shell nanofibers of ZnO@PAN-NF. By controlling the cubic Pd nanoparticle size and the thickness of the crystalline ZnO nanolayer deposited onto electrospun PAN nanofibers via atomic layer deposition (ALD), defect mediated visible light photocatalysis efficiency can be increased. By utilizing nanofabrication techniques such as thermal decomposition, electrospinning and ALD, this fabricated template became an efficient, defect mediated, Pd nanocube plasmon enhanced photocatalytic system. Due to the enhanced contact features of the Pd nanocubes, an increase was observed for the visible light photocatalytic activity of the flexible and nanofibrous mat of Pd@ZnO@PAN-NF. © 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique