36 research outputs found
E-Health
e-Health describes the application of information and communications technologies across the whole range of functions that affect the health sector. e-Health tools or solutions include products, systems and services that go beyond simply internet-based applications. They include tools for health authorities and professionals as well as personalised health systems for patients and citizens. It can improve access to healthcare and boost the quality and effectiveness of the services offered. Examples include health information networks, electronic health records, telemedicine services, personal wearable and portable communicable systems, health portals, and many other information and communication technology-based tools assisting prevention, diagnosis, treatment, health monitoring, and lifestyle management. When combined with organisational changes and the development of new skills, e-Health can help to deliver better care for less money within citizen-centred health delivery systems
E-Health
e-Health describes the application of information and communications technologies across the whole range of functions that affect the health sector. e-Health tools or solutions include products, systems and services that go beyond simply internet-based applications. They include tools for health authorities and professionals as well as personalised health systems for patients and citizens. It can improve access to healthcare and boost the quality and effectiveness of the services offered. Examples include health information networks, electronic health records, telemedicine services, personal wearable and portable communicable systems, health portals, and many other information and communication technology-based tools assisting prevention, diagnosis, treatment, health monitoring, and lifestyle management. When combined with organisational changes and the development of new skills, e-Health can help to deliver better care for less money within citizen-centred health delivery systems
''Health Needs'' Concept
The concept of ''health needs'' is one of key concepts in public health. From the public health standpoint, the most important perspective on this concept is the perspective of a population, or an individual respectively. But along this perspective there exist several other perspectives, which can be to the certain extent similar, but also could be also very different. All this enters an enormous confusion in its understanding, and consecutively this concept seems rather elusive. This confusion originates from the fact that the concept of āhealth needsā is very difficult to define exactly, like it is also very difficult to define exactly the concept of āhealth itselfā, since both concepts are extremely complex entities. The module is trying to enlighten some problems concerning the āhealth needsā conceptā
BioloŔka dostopnost svinca v mivki, ki je namenjen otroŔkim peskovnikom v Sloveniji
Slovene press has recently expressed concern for the health of children who ingest playground sand contaminated with lead. However, current assessments may be overestimating the health risk, as they assume that human body absorbs the whole amount of a contaminant. The aim of our study was to see how much lead in sand intended for playground sandboxes in Slovenia really is absorbed and what health risk it may present. To do that, we ran bioaccessibility tests to simulate metabolism and see how digestion affects lead levels. Our results show low bioaccessibility of lead from sand (0.01- 36.84 %). Taking into account lead bioaccessibility, we ran several scenarios of sand ingestion in children and established that in general the risk is negligible, except for pica behaviour with extremely high (20 g) ingestion of sand with highly mobilised lead (2.69 Ī¼g g-1). Further research should assess real-life exposure to lead from playground sand in children and perhaps update these preliminary bioaccessibility data.V zadnjem obdobju so se v Sloveniji pojavili Å”tevilni pomisleki o varnosti mivke, ki je namenjena za otroÅ”ke peskovnike. Ocena tveganja otrok, ki so izpostavljeni svincu temelji na predpostavki, da je celotna koliÄina toksiÄne kovine bioloÅ”ko dostopna. Zato je bil namen raziskave analizirati bioloÅ”ko dostopnost svinca v mivki, ki je namenjen za peskovnike otroÅ”kih igriÅ”Ä. Z simulacijo prebavnega trakta smo analizirali vpliv prebavnih sokov za izplavljanje svinca iz mivke. Rezultati kažejo na majhno biodostopnost svinca v mivki (0,01ā36,84 %) slovenskih proizvajalcev. Na podlagi bioloÅ”ke dostopnosti smo simulirali razliÄne scenarije vnosa in ugotovili, da je tveganje zanemarljivo, razen v primeru pica sindroma (zaužitje 20 g mivke) ter ob predpostavki najveÄje dokazane bioloÅ”ke dostopnosti (2,69 Ī¼g g-1). Raziskave v prihodnosti bodo vkljuÄevale realno izpostavljenost otrok svincu iz peskovnikov in bodo morda nadgradile preliminarno raziskavo
''Health Needs'' Concept
The concept of ''health needs'' is one of key concepts in public health. From the public health standpoint, the most important perspective on this concept is the perspective of a population, or an individual respectively. But along this perspective there exist several other perspectives, which can be to the certain extent similar, but also could be also very different. All this enters an enormous confusion in its understanding, and consecutively this concept seems rather elusive. This confusion originates from the fact that the concept of āhealth needsā is very difficult to define exactly, like it is also very difficult to define exactly the concept of āhealth itselfā, since both concepts are extremely complex entities. The module is trying to enlighten some problems concerning the āhealth needsā conceptā
Challenges to evidence synthesis and identification of data gaps in human biomonitoring
Ā© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).The increasing number of human biomonitoring (HBM) studies undertaken in recent decades has brought to light the need to harmonise procedures along all phases of the study, including sampling, data collection and analytical methods to allow data comparability. The first steps towards harmonisation are the identification and collation of HBM methodological information of existing studies and data gaps. Systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses have been traditionally put at the top of the hierarchy of evidence, being increasingly applied to map available evidence on health risks linked to exposure to chemicals. However, these methods mainly capture peer-reviewed articles, failing to comprehensively identify other important, unpublished sources of information that are pivotal to gather a complete map of the produced evidence in the area of HBM. Within the framework of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) initiative-a project that joins 30 countries, 29 from Europe plus Israel, the European Environment Agency and the European Commission-a comprehensive work of data triangulation has been made to identify existing HBM studies and data gaps across countries within the consortium. The use of documentary analysis together with an up-to-date platform to fulfil this need and its implications for research and practice are discussed.HBM4EU has received funding from the European Unionās Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 733032.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Hrvatske smjernice za farmakoloÅ”ko lijeÄenje Å”eÄerne bolesti tipa 2 [Croatian guidelines for the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes]
Introduction: The Croatian Association for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders of the Croatian Medical Association has issued in 2011 the first national guidelines for the nutrition, education, self-control, and pharmacotherapy of diabetes type 2. According to the increased number of available medicines and new evidence related to the effectiveness and safety of medicines already involved in the therapy there was a need for update of the existing guidelines for the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes in the Republic of Croatia.
Participants: as co-authors of the Guidelines there are listed all members of the Croatian Association for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, as well as other representatives of professional societies within the Croatian Medical Association, who have contributed with comments and suggestions to the development of the Guidelines. Evidence: These guidelines are evidence-based, according to the GRADE system (eng. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation), which describes the level of evidence and strength of recommendations. Conclusions: An individual patient approach based on physiological principles in blood glucose control is essential for diabetes' patients management. Glycemic targets and selection of the pharmacological agents should be tailored to the patient, taking into account the age, duration of disease, life expectancy, risk of hypoglyce- mia, comorbidities, developed vascular and other complications as well as other factors. Because of all this, is of national interest to have a practical, rational and applicable guidelines for the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes
CROATIAN GUIDELINES FOR THE PHARMACOTHERAPY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES
Uvod: Hrvatsko druÅ”tvo za dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma Hrvatskoga lijeÄniÄkog zbora izradilo je 2011. godine prve nacionalne smjernice o prehrani, edukaciji i samokontroli te farmakoloÅ”kom lijeÄenju Å”eÄerne bolesti tipa 2. Sukladno poveÄanom broju dostupnih lijekova te novim spoznajama o uÄinkovitosti i sigurnosti primjene veÄ ukljuÄenih lijekova, pokazala se potreba za obnovom postojeÄih smjernica za farmakoloÅ”ko lijeÄenje Å”eÄerne bolesti tipa 2 u Republici ĀHrvatskoj. Sudionici: Kao koautori Smjernica navedeni su svi Älanovi Hrvatskog druÅ”tva za dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma Hrvatskoga lijeÄniÄkog zbora, kao i ostalih ukljuÄenih struÄnih druÅ”tava, koji su svojim komentarima i prijedlozima pridonijeli izradi Smjernica. Dokazi: Ove su Smjernice utemeljene na dokazima, prema sustavu GRADE (engl. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) koji uz razinu dokaza opisuje i snagu preporuke. ZakljuÄci: Individualan pristup temeljen na fizioloÅ”kim principima regulacije glikemije nuždan je u lijeÄenju osoba sa Å”eÄernom bolesti. Ciljeve lijeÄenja i odabir medikamentne terapije treba prilagoditi oboljeloj osobi, uzimajuÄi u obzir životnu dob, trajanje bolesti, oÄekivano trajanje života, rizik od hipoglikemije, komorbiditete, razvijene vaskularne i ostale komplikacije, kao i ostale Äimbenike. Zbog svega navedenoga od nacionalnog je interesa imati praktiÄne, racionalne i provedive smjernice za farmakoloÅ”ko lijeÄenje Å”eÄerne bolesti tipa 2.Introduction: The Croatian Association for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders of the Croatian Medical Association has issued in 2011 the first national guidelines for the nutrition, education, self-control, and pharmacotherapy of Ādiabetes type 2. According to the increased number of available medicines and new evidence related to the effectiveness and safety of medicines already involved in the therapy there was a need for update of the existing guidelines for the Āpharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes in the Republic of Croatia. Participants: as co-authors of the Guidelines there are listed all members of the Croatian Association for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, as well as other representatives of professional societies within the Croatian Medical Association, who have contributed with comments and suggestions to the development of the Guidelines. Evidence: These guidelines are evidence-based, according to the GRADE system (eng. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation), which describes the level of evidence and strength of recommendations. Conclusions: An individual patient approach based on physiological principles in blood glucose control is essential for diabetesā patients management. Glycemic targets and selection of the pharmacological agents should be tailored to the patient, taking into account the age, duration of disease, life expectancy, risk of hypoglycemia, comorbidities, developed vascular and other complications as well as other factors. Because of all this, is of national interest to have a practical, rational and applicable guidelines for the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes