"Begabungsreserven" erschließen, ohne Qualifikationsstandards aufzuweichen. Entwicklung nachhaltiger Potenziale für den Lehrkräfteberuf durch nicht-traditionelle Studierende

Im Beitrag wird zunächst daran erinnert, dass die komplexe Problemlage von kritisierter Qualität bzw. Leistungsfähigkeit des Bildungssystems und des erhöhten Lehrkräftebedarfs bereits Mitte der 1960er Jahre durch den Deutschen Ausschuß für das Erziehungs- und Bildungswesen schon einmal diagnostiziert wurde. Als Alternative zu den Empfehlungen der Stellungnahme der SWK wird im Beitrag allerdings vorgeschlagen, eher Rekrutierungsreserven für reguläre Lehramtsstudiengänge aufzuschließen, weil darüber Qualifikationsstandards nicht verletzt werden müssen. Mit dem Vorschlag der Gewinnung von Lehramtsstudierenden aus bisher weniger repräsentierten Milieus und mit eigenen weniger bruchlosen Schulerfahrungen wäre zudem als zusätzlicher Gewinn eine Erweiterung der unter Lehrpersonen repräsentierten lebensweltlichen Perspektiven, der möglichen Passungsverhältnisse für die Schülerinnen- und Schülerschaft und eine Erhöhung der Sensibilität und herkunftsbezogenen Reflexivität erwartbar. (DIPF/Orig.)In view of the crisis of demand in the teaching profession, we argue – recalling the discourse on „talent reserves“ in the 1960s – for the targeted acquisition of persons for teacher training who have not considered this profession as an obvious choice in view of their previous educational path. If such unused potentials can be activated without weakening the qualification standards of pre-service teacher education, not only can educational advancement be promoted, but the variety of biographical experiences for the creation of diversity-sensitive relationships in schools can be better developed. (DIPF/Orig.

Reductions in microfilaridermia by repeated ivermectin treatment are associated with lower Plasmodium-specific Th17 immune responses in Onchocerca volvulus-infected individuals

Background: 37 million individuals are currently infected with Onchocerca volvulus (O. volvulus), a parasitic nematode that elicits various dermal manifestations and eye damage in man. Disease control is primarily based on distributing ivermectin in mass drug administration (MDA) programmes which aim at breaking transmission by eliminating microfilariae (MF), the worm's offspring. The majority of infected individuals present generalized onchocerciasis, which is characterized by hyporesponsive immune responses and high parasite burden including MF. Recently, in areas that have been part of MDA programmes, individuals have been identified that present nodules but are amicrofilaridermic (a-MF) and our previous study showed that this group has a distinct immune profile. Expanding on those findings we determined the immune responses of O. volvulus-infected individuals to a Plasmodium-derived antigen MSP-1 (merozoite surface protein-1), which is required by the parasite to enter erythrocytes. Methods: Isolated PBMCs from O. volvulus-infected individuals (164 MF+ and 46 a-MF) and non-infected volunteers from the same region (NEN), were stimulated with MSP-1 and the resulting supernatant screened for the presence of IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-10. These findings were then further analyzed following regression analysis using the covariates MF, ivermectin (IVM) and region. The latter referred to the Central or Ashanti regions of Ghana, which, at the time sampling, had received 8 or 1 round of MDA respectively. Results: IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ responses to MSP-1 were not altered between NEN and O. volvulus-infected individuals nor were any associations revealed in the regression analysis. IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α MSP-1 responses were, however, significantly elevated in cultures from infected individuals. Interestingly, when compared to a-MF individuals, MSP-induced IL-17A responses were significantly higher in MF+ patients. Following multivariable regression analysis these IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17A responses were all dominantly associated with the regional covariate. Conclusions: Consequently, areas with a lowered infection pressure due to IVM MDA appear to influence bystander responses to Plasmodium-derived antigens in community members even if they have not regularly participated in the therapy

Emotional burnout of specialists in socio-occupational professions: contemporary views on the problem

Представлено сучасні підходи до проблеми вигорання у представників соціономічних професій у контексті емоційної праці, емоційного і когнітивного дисонансу. Проаналізовано й узагальнено наукову літературу з питань вигорання, визначено три основні його компоненти: емоційне і/або фізичне виснаження, зниження продуктивності праці і надмірна деперсоналізація. На основі аналізу визначень вигорання встановлено його зв’язок з емоційною працею (регуляцією і вираженням емоційних станів). Обстоюється думка, що фахівці соціономічних професій особливо вразливі до вигорання, оскільки тривалий час перебувають у стані, коли необхідно постійно контролювати свої емоції, брати на себе відповідальність і відчувати невизначеність, працюючи з іншими людьми. Емоційну працю розглянуто як предиктор вигорання у фахівців соціономічних професій. На основі аналізу літератури, присвяченої проблемам вигорання та емоційного дисонансу, висловлено припущення, що вимоги щодо емоційної праці зумовлюють різноманітність проявів синдрому виго-рання (у тому числі виснаження, цинізму, зниження продуктивності праці та погіршення самопочуття), а знання симптомів вигорання дало б змогу фахівцям соціономічних професій запобігти виникненню та загостренню цього стану.This article deals with the modern approaches to the problem of burnout of helping professionals in the context of emotional labor, emotional and cognitive dissonance. The burnout literature is reviewed, compared, and summarized. The definition of burnout is proposed including three components: emotional and/or physical exhaustion, lowered work productivity, and excessive depersonalization. Based on an analysis of the definitions of burnout, the paper focuses on the connec-tion of burnout and emotional work (regulation of feelings and emotional expression). It is also maintained a fact that helping professionals are especially vulnerable to burnout because of the necessity to control own emotions for a long time, to take responsibilities, and to feel uncertainties they encounter while working with others. The current study discussed emotional labor as a predictor of burnout of helping professionals. On the basis of the literature on burnout and emotional dissonance, the author of this article hypothesized that emotional job demands would explain variances of burnout (i.e., exhaustion and cynicism). Knowledge of abovementioned syndromes would help socionomy professionals to avoid emergence and aggravation of emotional burnout.Представлены современные подходы к проблеме выгорания у представителей социономических профессий в контексте эмоциональной труда, эмоционального и когнитивного диссонанса. Проанализированы и обобщены научную литературу по вопросам выгорания, определены три основные его компоненты: эмоциональное и / или физическое истощение, снижение производительности труда и чрезмерная деперсонализация. На основе анализа определений выгорания установлена ​​его связь с эмоциональной трудом (регуляцией и выражением эмоциональных состояний). Отстаивается мнение, что специалисты социономических профессий особенно уязвимы к выгоранию, поскольку длительное время находятся в состоянии, когда необходимо постоянно контролировать свои эмоции, брать на себя ответственность и чувствовать неопределенность, работая с другими людьми. Эмоциональный труд рассмотрен как предиктор выгорания у специалистов социономических профессий. На основе анализа литературы, посвященной проблемам выгорания и эмоционального диссонанса, высказано предположение, что требования по эмоциональной труда обусловливают разнообразие проявлений синдрома выгорания (в том числе истощения, цинизма, снижение производительности труда и ухудшение самочувствия), а знание симптомов выгорания позволило бы специалистам социономических профессий предотвратить возникновение и обострение этого состояния

Peroxiredoxin 6 is required for blood vessel integrity in wounded skin

Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a cytoprotective enzyme with largely unknown in vivo functions. Here, we use Prdx6 knockout mice to determine its role in UV protection and wound healing. UV-mediated keratinocyte apoptosis is enhanced in Prdx6-deficient mice. Upon skin injury, we observe a severe hemorrhage in the granulation tissue of knockout animals, which correlates with the extent of oxidative stress. At the ultrastructural level endothelial cells appear highly damaged, and their rate of apoptosis is enhanced. Knock-down of Prdx6 in cultured endothelial cells also increases their susceptibility to oxidative stress, thus confirming the sensitivity of this cell type to loss of Prdx6. Wound healing studies in bone marrow chimeric mice demonstrate that Prdx6-deficient inflammatory and endothelial cells contribute to the hemorrhage phenotype. These results provide insight into the cross-talk between hematopoietic and resident cells at the wound site and the role of reactive oxygen species in this interplay

Enabling Canonical Analysis Workflows:Documented Data Harmonization on Global Air Quality Data

Data harmonization and documentation of the data processing are essential prerequisites for enabling Canonical Analysis Workflows. The recently revised Terabyte-scale air quality database system, which the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) created, contains one of the world's largest collections of near-surface air quality measurements and considers FAIR data principles as an integral part. A special feature of our data service is the on-demand processing and product generation of several air quality metrics directly from the underlying database. In this paper, we show that the necessary data harmonization for establishing such online analysis services goes much deeper than the obvious issues of common data formats, variable names, and measurement units, and we explore how the generation of FAIR Digital Objects (FDO) in combination with automatically generated documentation may support Canonical Analysis Workflows for air quality and related data

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) Data Infrastructure

The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report database of global air quality observations includes multi-faceted metadata and was built according to Open Data and FAIR principles. We now collect OpenAQ data and exploit high-resolution geospatial data

TOAR-II Data

This presentation describes the new data infrastructure for the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report, phase II