The hydrogeological in high tectonic and lithostratigraphic sensitivity environment, a study case in romagna first hills. Cusercoli medieval castle

La recente catastrofe che ha colpito in questi giorni la Regione Liguria ha portato all'attenzione dei media e della collettività la drammatica situazione idrogeologica che interessa gran parte del territorio italiano in cui emergono soprattutto gli insuccessi. Con il presente contributo si illustra un caso emblematico di tentativi diluiti nel tempo di messa in sicurezza di un sito storico con gravi problematiche geologico-strutturali senza però un preventivo ed adeguato approccio programmatico. L'attenzione per il Castello di Cusercoli è rivolta alla necessità di non perdere quel complesso di valori che il manufatto rappresenta e che costituisce parte significativa della memoria collettiva della civiltà costruttiva . Il paese di Cusercoli, in Provincia di Forlì-Cesena, è situato lungo uno dei bacini idrografici che dalla dorsale appenninica romagnola degradano verso la via Emilia. Il Castello rappresenta una struttura storica di rilievo posta in un contesto geomorfologico e tettonico estremamente particolare. Il sito ha inoltre delle tipicità geologiche uniche, tali da dare il nome ad un particolare litotipo: v. Conglomerato di Cusercoli. Il Castello di Cusercoli emerge nello skyline lungo la vallata del Bidente per l'impressionante emergenza rocciosa naturale ricoperta da un lato da contrafforti in cemento armato realizzati a seguito della tragica frana del 1937 che investi un intero abitato provocando la morte di 21 persone. Una causa fu probabilmente la prolungata carenza di prevenzione in materia di protezione idrogeologica. Dal 2006 la Scuola di specializzazione in beni architettonici e del paesaggio della Sapienza Università di Roma ed il Laboratorio di Archeoingegneria CAILab dell'Università di Bologna hanno sviluppato cantieri-scuola e avviato un progetto di ricerca finalizzato al restauro e alla rifunzionalizzazione del complesso architettonico ed i primi studi sono stati concentrati sulla valutazione dei dissesti che interessano parte del complesso architettonico. Nel 2013 con il coinvolgimento del Comando Provinciale dei Vigili del Fuoco di Forli'-Cesena è stato possibile definire il progetto di messa in sicurezza e di recupero della fruibilità del complesso medievale. Il castello e la sua emergenza rocciosa rappresentano un raro caso di coesistenza di tecniche costruttive della tradizione locale con lo stato conservativo critico che rende la sua anatomia visibile e facile da comprendere. Tali presupposti qualificano il complesso monumentale come Museo - Laboratorio didattico e cantiere-scuola per la conoscenza dell'architettura tradizionale e per gli interventi di messa in sicurezza e per la valorizzazione del patrimonio storico e la divulgazione della cultura della sicurezza e della prevenzione.The recent disaster that hit Liguria brought to the attention of media and citizens the dramatic hydrogeological situation in which Italian territory is involved: a persistent lack of interventions emerges in it. An emblematic case about an historical building characterized by serious geological-structural issue is explained. Many attempts tried to bring it up to the safety level required, but they were occasional interventions without an adequate planning. The attention for Cusercoli castle is motivated by the need to keep alive all the monument values, that represent a significant part of the local building tradition, which is losing his historical memory. Cusercoli is located in Forlì-Cesena province, along one of the hydrogeographical basins that descend from Appennino Romagnolo ridge to Via Emilia. The medieval castle has a great historical importance. It is situated in an extremely peculiar geomorphological and tectonic context: the site presents unique geological characteristics, that give the name “Conglomerato di Cusercoli” to the particular lithotype. Cusercoli castle rises from the skyline of Bidentina valley on a rocky outcrop, impressive for its dimensions. Today the rock is supported, on one side, by concrete buttress, realized after the tragic landslide that overwhelmed an entire village causing 21 victims, in 1937. One of the causes was probably the lack of what we nowadays call “prevention concerning slope protection”. The historically very significant castle has also a didactic interest: the conservation critical conditions in which the building concerns make clearly visible and, so, easy to understand the ancient construction techniques. After an accurate restoration, this particular situation could make the castle suitable to become an ancient techniques museum and a building-site for the traditional architecture knowledge

Il dissesto idrogeologico e la messa in sicurezza del castello di Cusercoli

Nel piccolo borgo medievale di Cusercoli, all’interno dell’antica rocca, e stato costituito il 17 giugno 2006 il Laboratorio di Archeoingegneria CAILab, che afferisce al Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIN) dell’Alma Mater Studiorum - Universita di Bologna e che fa parte della sede di Forli della Scuola di Ingegneria e Architettura. Il Castello di Cusercoli costituisce, un raro caso di compresenza di tecniche costruttive di differenti periodi, la cui anatomia risulta di facile lettura per lo stato di conservazione in cui il manufatto verte oggi. Proprio in virtù di questa caratteristica, il monumento si qualifica per lo sviluppo della funzione museale, in relazione a quanto il complesso ha da raccontare, come caso esemplificativo dell’architettura della tradizione territoriale; questo tipo di fruizione può essere integrato e potenziato proprio con la presenza dell’Università, sfruttando i rapporti già instaurati ed offrendo così agli studenti l’occasione di apprendere esercitandosi in prima persona sul campo, contribuendo attivamente al progetto del Museo dell’Anatomia dell’Architettura. Il castello di Cusercoli rappresenta un caso emblematico di tentativi di messa in sicurezza di un sito storico con gravi problematiche geologico-strutturali in cui gli interventi che sono stati realizzati nel tempo risultano privi di un’adeguata pianificazione. L’attenzione per il castello di Cusercoli è motivata dalla necessita di non perdere quel complesso di valori di cui si evidenzia la testimonianza delle tradizionali tecniche costruttive locali, delle quali si va perdendo la memoria storica

A subgroup analysis of the ODYSSEY APPRISE study: safety and efficacy of alirocumab in the Italian cohort

Background and Aims ODYSSEY APPRISE trial evaluated efficacy and safety of alirocumab in 994 patients with hypercholesterolemia and high CV risk in a real-life setting. The aim of the present report is to detail on the Italian cohort enrolled and treated in the trial. Methods and Results The methodology of the of the multinational, single-arm, Phase 3b open-label ODYSSEY APPRISE (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02476006) has been previously reported. 255 Italian patients were enrolled and treated according to the trial protocol. Overall mean exposure to alirocumab was 83.3 ± 27.7 weeks. At week 12, LDL-C decreased by 51.3 ± 23.1 % and this reduction was overall maintained for the duration of the study. A similar reduction was observed in patients with and without heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH 50.7% ± 23.9 vs. non-FH, 53.6% ± 19.6). LDL-C was reduced below 1.8 mmol/L and/or by ≥ 50% reduction from baseline in 62 % of patients overall (61 % in HeFH and 67 % in non-FH). Alirocumab was similarly well tolerated in the Italian cohort as in the entire study population and the more common treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were influenza, myalgia and nasopharyngitis. The incidence LDL-C levels < 25 mg/dl and < 15 mg/dl, was 8.2% and 2.9% respectively. Conclusion The efficacy and safety of alirocumab in a real-life setting, in the Italian subgroup of patients are consistent with findings in the entire study population and confirm that alirocumab is a beneficial approach to further reduce LDL-C levels in patients at high CV risk on maximally tolerated conventional lipid lowering treatmen

Methodological Comparison of Different Projects

In order to compare the methodological aspects of the different projects, while also placing them within a common framework, a form was specially drafted. This form was filled out in May 2019 by one or more members of each work group (Ascoli Piceno, Bologna, Milano, Roma, Trieste). The form was divided into three different sections (“Context characterisation methods”; “Community involvement methods”; “Networking methods”). Each section was created in order to highlight multidisciplinary aspects, the collaboration among different roles, and the problems and limitations the could have been faced. The sections differ in their design, although a common scheme was used in nearly all parts: narrative description, players, actions, instruments and sources. Consequently, all projects were therefore analysed according to the following matrix. Considering the specificity of the Recovery-Net project, this project was analysed solely for context characterisation methods

Changes in surgicaL behaviOrs dUring the CoviD-19 pandemic. The SICE CLOUD19 Study

BACKGROUND: The spread of the SARS-CoV2 virus, which causes COVID-19 disease, profoundly impacted the surgical community. Recommendations have been published to manage patients needing surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. This survey, under the aegis of the Italian Society of Endoscopic Surgery, aims to analyze how Italian surgeons have changed their practice during the pandemic.METHODS: The authors designed an online survey that was circulated for completion to the Italian departments of general surgery registered in the Italian Ministry of Health database in December 2020. Questions were divided into three sections: hospital organization, screening policies, and safety profile of the surgical operation. The investigation periods were divided into the Italian pandemic phases I (March-May 2020), II (June-September 2020), and III (October-December 2020).RESULTS: Of 447 invited departments, 226 answered the survey. Most hospitals were treating both COVID-19-positive and -negative patients. The reduction in effective beds dedicated to surgical activity was significant, affecting 59% of the responding units. 12.4% of the respondents in phase I, 2.6% in phase II, and 7.7% in phase III reported that their surgical unit had been closed. 51.4%, 23.5%, and 47.8% of the respondents had at least one colleague reassigned to non-surgical COVID-19 activities during the three phases. There has been a reduction in elective (>200 procedures: 2.1%, 20.6% and 9.9% in the three phases, respectively) and emergency (<20 procedures: 43.3%, 27.1%, 36.5% in the three phases, respectively) surgical activity. The use of laparoscopy also had a setback in phase I (25.8% performed less than 20% of elective procedures through laparoscopy). 60.6% of the respondents used a smoke evacuation device during laparoscopy in phase I, 61.6% in phase II, and 64.2% in phase III. Almost all responders (82.8% vs. 93.2% vs. 92.7%) in each analyzed period did not modify or reduce the use of high-energy devices.CONCLUSION: This survey offers three faithful snapshots of how the surgical community has reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic during its three phases. The significant reduction in surgical activity indicates that better health policies and more evidence-based guidelines are needed to make up for lost time and surgery not performed during the pandemic