Validation of Retrospective Measurements of Alcohol Consumption Through Alcohol Consumption Diaries

Se analizó la correspondencia entre estimaciones de consumo de alcohol obtenidas mediante mediciones retrospectivas (Cuestionario de Consumo de Alcohol —CCA—) y un Diario de Consumo. Participaron 134 jóvenes de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina (M edad = 23,31, DE = 3,18) que reportaron diariamente y por 60 días su consumo de alcohol. Al final del primer y segundo mes, completaron el CCA con preguntas que medían retrospectivamente conductas de consumo de alcohol durante los 30 y 60 días previos, el Cuestionario de Identificación de Patrón Perjudicial de Consumo de Alcohol y el Cuestionario de Consecuencias del Consumo de Alcohol en Jóvenes Adultos. La recolección de datos se hizo mediante encuestas online, por lo que la muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia. Se examinó la correlación entre las estimaciones obtenidas mediante el Diario de Consumo y aquellas obtenidas retrospectivamente (CCA). Los resultados mostraron, en general, una alta correlación entre estas estimaciones. Las correlaciones entre las estimaciones de cantidad (≥ 0,75), frecuencia usual (≥ 0,64) y frecuencia de consumo hasta la ebriedad (≥ 0,74) tuvieron un tamaño del efecto grande, tanto para los datos del primer como del segundo mes. La mayor correspondencia se encontró para las estimaciones de cantidad usual (0,77). Este estudio aporta evidencia sobre la validez de las estimaciones retrospectivas del consumo de alcohol, al mismo tiempo que se enfatiza la importancia de utilizar indicadores de consumo usual y riesgoso de alcohol en periodos temporales recientes.The present study aimed to analyze the correspondence between estimates of alcohol consumption obtained through retrospective measurements (Alcohol Consumption Questionnaire—ACQ—) and an Alcohol Consumption Diary. A sample of 134 young people (M age = 23.31 years, SD = 3.18) from Cordoba, Argentina, reported their alcohol consumption daily over a 60-day period. At the end of the first and second month, the participants completed the ACQ, which measures alcohol use retrospectively during the last 30 and 60 days. The participants also completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Data collection was done through online surveys, so the sample was non-probabilistic (i.e., a convenience sample). The correlation between estimates obtained through the Alcohol Consumption Diary and those obtained retrospectively (ACQ) was examined. Overall, these estimates were found to be strongly correlated. The correlations between estimates of quantity (≥ 0.75), usual frequency (≥ 0.64), and frequency of consumption until drunkenness (≥ 0.74) had a large effect size for both the first- and second-month data. The greatest correspondence was found between estimates of usual quantity (0.77). This study provides evidence on the validity of retrospective estimates of alcohol consumption while also emphasizing the importance of using indicators of usual and hazardous alcohol consumption in recent time periods.Fil: Pilatti, Angelina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Ensinck Atienza, Maria Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Rivarola Montejano, Gabriela Belen. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Pautassi, Ricardo Marcos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentin

Identifying the research, advocacy, policy and implementation needs for the prevention and management of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in low- and middle-income countries

Introduction: The high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in young children disproportionately occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The PROUD (Preventing RespiratOry syncytial virUs in unDerdeveloped countries) Taskforce of 24 RSV worldwide experts assessed key needs for RSV prevention in LMICs, including vaccine and newer preventive measures. Methods: A global, survey-based study was undertaken in 2021. An online questionnaire was developed following three meetings of the Taskforce panellists wherein factors related to RSV infection, its prevention and management were identified using iterative questioning. Each factor was scored, by non-panellists interested in RSV, on a scale of zero (very-low-relevance) to 100 (very-high-relevance) within two scenarios: (1) Current and (2) Future expectations for RSV management. Results: Ninety questionnaires were completed: 70 by respondents (71.4% physicians; 27.1% researchers/scientists) from 16 LMICs and 20 from nine high-income (HI) countries (90.0% physicians; 5.0% researchers/scientists), as a reference group. Within LMICs, RSV awareness was perceived to be low, and management was not prioritised. Of the 100 factors scored, those related to improved diagnosis particularly access to affordable point-of-care diagnostics, disease burden data generation, clinical and general education, prompt access to new interventions, and engagement with policymakers/payers were identified of paramount importance. There was a strong need for clinical education and local data generation in the lowest economies, whereas upper-middle income countries were more closely aligned with HI countries in terms of current RSV service provision. Conclusion: Seven key actions for improving RSV prevention and management in LMICs are proposed

PCV13 vaccination impact: A multicenter study of pneumonia in 10 pediatric hospitals in Argentina

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>In 2012, PCV13 was introduced into the National Immunization Program in Argentina, 2+1 schedule for children <2 years. Coverage rates for 1st and 3rd doses were 69% and 41.0% in 2012, 98% and 86% in 2013; 99% and 89% in 2014, respectively. The aims of this study were to evaluate impact of PCV13 on Consolidated Pneumonia (CP) and Pneumococcal Pneumonia (PP) burden, and to describe epidemiological-clinical pattern of PP during the three-year period following vaccine introduction.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Hospital-based study at 10 pediatric surveillance units in Argentina. CP and PP discharge rates per 10,000 hospital discharges were compared between the pre-vaccination period 2007–2011 (preVp), the year of intervention (2012) and the post-vaccination period 2013–2014 (postVp).</p><p>Results</p><p>Significant reduction in CP and PP discharge rates was observed in patients <5 years [% reduction (95%CI)]: 10.2% (6.3; 14.0) in 2012 and 24.8% (21.3; 28.2) in postVp for CP discharge rate; 59.5% (48.0; 68.5) in 2012 and 68.8% (58.3; 76.6) in postVp for PP discharge rate. Significant changes were also observed in children ≥5 years, mainly in PP discharge rate. A total of 297 PP cases were studied; 59.3% male; 31.3% <2 years; 42.9% had received PCV13 in 2012 and 84.5% in posVp. Case fatality rate was 3.4%. PCV13 serotypes decreased from 83.0% (39/47) in 2012 to 64.2% (52/81) in postVp, p = 0.039.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>After PCV13 introduction, significant reduction in CP and PP discharge rates was observed in hospitalized children <5 years. In patients ≥5 years, PP discharge rate also decreased significantly.</p></div

Pneumococcal pneumonia discharge rates by age.

<p>PCV13 vaccination impact.</p

Discharge rate of consolidated pneumonia by age group during 2007–2014.

<p>Discharge rate of consolidated pneumonia by age group during 2007–2014.</p

Pneumococcal pneumonia cases features after PCV13 vaccine introduction.

<p>Pneumococcal pneumonia cases features after PCV13 vaccine introduction.</p