Diseño e implantación de un sistema de apoyo a las decisiones basado en el modelo de transporte.

Se presenta el diseño y la implantación del SPT (Sistema de Producción y Transporte), un sistema de apoyo a las decisiones (DSS) basado en el modelo de transporte. Fue construido para una empresa argentina de cemento que abastece a sus clientes desde varias plantas industriales y está estructurado sobre el Optimat, un software comercial. Se lo utiliza con éxito en la planificación operativa y en la decisión de las políticas empresariales, tanto estratégicas como tácticas. El proyecto da gran importancia a los problemas del cambio organizacional. Se describen los pasos seguidos en el diseño e implantación del SPT: (1) Comprensión del problema; (2) Formulación de un modelo; (3) Obtención de los datos; (4) Entrada de los datos al modelo; (5) Resolución del modelo; y (6) Implantación de la solución. Durante la descripción de estos pasos se examinan tres problemas: (a) El modelo de transporte; (b) El software de computación para resolver problemas de escala práctica; y (c) Los problemas organizacionales vinculados con el uso de los modelos matemáticos. El modelo de transporte clásico se amplía con la introducción de variables de eficiencia productiva de las plantas, dando lugar a un sistema más general, de producción y transporte. El SPT se implementa con un software para modelos generales de red. Por lo tanto, no sólo permite obtener los resultados operativos para el problema del transporte clásico, sino que sienta las bases para realizar experimentos de políticas alternativas de producción y transporte. Entre estas aplicaciones estratégicas y tácticas se cuentan: cambios en la capacidad productiva y en la eficiencia de las plantas, determinación de las áreas de influencia de cada planta, impacto de demandas esporádicas grandes sobre el sistema general, impacto de la eliminación de un mercado completo, estudio de medios de transporte alternativos, impacto de los transbordos, y estudios de localización de nuevas plantas. Es posible la extensión del SPT, utilizando sistemas de información geográfica (GIS), para facilitar el manejo de los datos, la interpretación de los resultados y la toma de decisiones. Los apéndices muestran la resolución de un prototipo y presentan los archivos maestros y resultados generales del SPT.

The logistic decision making in management accounting with genetic algoritms and fuzzy sets

The logistics problems in business environments deal with assignation from a number of sources to a number of destinations. Each source offers amounts of goods, while each destination demands quantities of these goods. The object is to find the cheapest transporting schedule that satisfies the demand without violating supply restraints. In this paper we propose to use Fuzzy Sets to represents the previsional information related to costs, demands and other variables. Moreover, we suggest including the problem of shortest route for the distribution vehicles. Finally, to solve this complex problem we propose to use a Genetic Algorithm with a Fuzzy Fitness Function

Incidencia del contexto económico, financiero y jurídico en el volumen y casuística de la reclamación financiera en España.

Esta comunicación analiza a través de una metodología estadística el posible efecto que, sobre el nivel de reclamación financiera canalizada a través del Servicio de Reclamaciones del Banco de España, pueden tener distintos factores de naturaleza económica, financiera y jurídica determinantes del contexto en el que actualmente se desarrollan las relaciones bancarias. Con el horizonte temporal de una década, 1988-1997, se estudia la repercusión que sobre el volumen y casuística de la reclamación financiera en España ha originado la evolución de la inflación, la bajada significativa de tipos de interés y el intenso desarrollo normativo tutelar de los intereses de la clientela bancaria.This paper analyses, using a statistical methodology, the possible impact that different factors from the economic, financial and legal environment could have on the volume and casuistry of banking complaints, which Banco de España has transacted during the last decade, from 1988 to 1997. Following an introduction that makes stand out the customer’s increasing importance in banking negotiation, we study specifically the influence of the inflation, the low interest rates and the recent legislation about transparency in banking and customer’s protection

Supercomplex Organization of the Electron Transfer System in Marine Bivalves, a Model of Extreme Longevity

The mitochondrial oxidative stress theory of aging suggests that the organelle’s decay contributes to the aging phenotype via exacerbated oxidative stress, loss of organ coordination and energetics, cellular integrity, and activity of the mitochondrial electron transfer system (ETS). Recent advances in understanding the structure of the ETS show that the enzymatic complexes responsible for oxidative phosphorylation are arranged in supramolecular structures called supercomplexes that lose organization during aging. Their exact role and universality among organisms are still under debate. Here, we take advantage of marine bivalves as an aging model to compare the structure of the ETS among species ranging from 28 to 507 years in maximal life span. Our results show that regardless of life span, the bivalve ETS is arrayed as a set of supercomplexes. However, bivalve species display varying degrees of ETS supramolecular organization with the highest supercomplex structures found in Arctica islandica, the longest-lived of the bivalve species under study. We discuss this comparative model in light of differences in the nature and stoichiometry of these complexes and highlight the potential link between the complexity of these superstructures and longer life spans

On p-Dunford integrable functions with values in Banach spaces

[EN] Let (Omega, Sigma, mu) be a complete probability space, X a Banach space and 1 X. Special attention is paid to the compactness of the Dunford operator of f. We also study the p-Bochner integrability of the composition u o f: Omega->Y , where u is a p-summing operator from X to another Banach space Y . Finally, we also provide some tests of p-Dunford integrability by using w*-thick subsets of X¿.Research partially supported by Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad and FEDER under projects MTM2014-53009-P (J.M. Calabuig), MTM2014-54182-P (J. Rodriguez) and MTM2016-77054-C2-1-P (P. Rueda and E.A. Sanchez-Perez). The second author was also partially supported by project 19275/PI/14 funded by Fundacion Seneca - Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnologia de la Region de Murcia within the framework of PCTIRM 2011-2014.Calabuig, JM.; Rodríguez, J.; Rueda, P.; Sánchez Pérez, EA. (2018). On p-Dunford integrable functions with values in Banach spaces. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. 464(1):806-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2018.04.030S806822464

Control of Inflammation by Calorie Restriction Mimetics: On the Crossroad of Autophagy and Mitochondria

Mitochondrial metabolism and autophagy are two of the most metabolically active cellular processes, playing a crucial role in regulating organism longevity. In fact, both mitochondrial dysfunction or autophagy decline compromise cellular homeostasis and induce inflammation. Calorie restriction (CR) is the oldest strategy known to promote healthspan, and a plethora of CR mimetics have been used to emulate its beneficial effects. Herein, we discuss how CR and CR mimetics, by modulating mitochondrial metabolism or autophagic flux, prevent inflammatory processes, protect the intestinal barrier function, and dampen both inflammaging and neuroinflammation. We outline the effects of some compounds classically known as modulators of autophagy and mitochondrial function, such as NAD+ precursors, metformin, spermidine, rapamycin, and resveratrol, on the control of the inflammatory cascade and how these anti-inflammatory properties could be involved in their ability to increase resilience to age-associated diseasesThis research was funded by the H2020-EU.1.1. European Research Council (ERC-2016-StG 715322-EndoMitTalk), and Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI16/188, PI19/855), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). M.M. is supported by the Miguel Servet program from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CPII19/00014, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital 12 de Octubre

Effects of vagotomy and pharmacological blocking on heart rate of the toad <i>Rhinella arenarum</i> (Anura: Bufonidae) during forced submersion

Toads of Rhinella (=Bufo) arenarum were subjected to a condition of forced submersion duringa 40-minute period, to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the control ofboth submersion and emersion. Animals previously submitted to a first control measurementseries, were then injected with atropine or propranolol, or were vagotomized. In animals eitherinjected with atropine or vagotomized, a higher heart rate (HR) than in the control group wasobserved, before, during and after the forced submersion. These animals were able to decreaseHR, although in a lesser extent than controls, suggesting that other mechanisms in addition tovagal activity are also producing and maintaining bradycardia during the submersion period.In those animals injected with propranolol (a β-adrenergic blocker), a HR lower than that ofcontrols were observed only at the beginning of the submersion and during the emersion phase.The low HR caused by propranolol during emersion with buccal pumping shows the importanceof the sympathetic system in increasing HR during emersion.Asociación Herpetológica Argentina (AHA

Composites Based on Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) and SBA-15: Effect of Mesoporous Silica on Thermal Stability and on Isothermal Crystallization from Either Glass or Molten State

© 2020 by the authors.Several composites based on an L-rich poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with different contents of mesoporous Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15) silica were prepared in order to evaluate the effect of the mesoporous silica on the resultant PLA materials by examining morphological aspects, changes in PLA phases and their transitions, and, primarily, the influence on some final properties. Melt extrusion was chosen for the obtainment of the composites, followed by quenching from the melt to prepare films. Completely amorphous samples were then attained, as deduced from X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrated that the presence of SBA-15 particles in the PLA matrix did not exert any significant influence on the thermal decomposition of these composites. An important nucleation effect of the silica was found in PLA, especially under isothermal crystallization either from the melt or from its glassy state. As expected, isothermal crystallization from the glass was considerably faster than from the molten state, and these high differences were also responsible for a more considerable nucleating role of SBA-15 when crystallizing from the melt. It is remarkable that the PLA under analysis showed very close temperatures for cold crystallization and its subsequent melting. Moreover, the type of developed polymorphs did not accomplish the common rules previously described in the literature. Thus, all the isothermal experiments led to exclusive formation of the α modification, and the observation of the α’ crystals required the annealing for long times at temperatures below 80 °C, as ascertained by both DSC and X-ray diffraction experiments. Finally, microhardness (MH) measurements indicated a competition between the PLA physical aging and the silica reinforcement effect in the as-processed amorphous films. Physical aging in the neat PLA was much more important than in the PLA matrix that constituted the composites. Accordingly, the MH trend with SBA-15 content was strongly dependent on aging times.This research was funded by AEI/FEDER, UE (grant number MAT2016-79869-C2-1-P) and ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility. TMDR is also grateful for her pre-doctoral funding (contract number BES-2017-082284).Peer reviewe