Caracterización genética, química y agronómica de líneas avanzadas de tomate de cáscara

Introducción. Conocer la diversidad a nivel genético, químico y morfológico que existe entre individuos y poblaciones, es de gran utilidad en los programas de mejoramiento genético, ya que facilita la organización del material y la selección adecuada de genotipos superiores para el desarrollo de una población mejorada. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar genética, química y agronómicamente líneas avanzadas de tomate de cáscara (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.), del programa de mejoramiento de hortalizas del Campo Experimental Bajío (CE-Bajío) del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), México. Materiales y métodos. Durante la temporada primavera-verano y otoño-invierno de 2017, se cuantificó la variabilidad genética con marcadores moleculares de ADN de tipo AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism); se determinaron los compuestos fenólicos y tomatidina en fruto, y en lo agronómico el porcentaje de germinación, número de frutos por planta, peso del fruto, diámetro ecuatorial y polar, y el rendimiento. Resultados. Se obtuvo un promedio general de similitud entre los genotipos de 0,86. De acuerdo con las relaciones genéticas, se detectaron las líneas 4 y 70 como posibles progenitores de híbridos y un patrón geográfico en los agrupamientos. La diversidad química indicó que el mayor contenido de flavonoides (51,1 mg EAG/100 g) se presentó en la L-86, de fenoles y antocianinas (396, 8 y 7,22 mg EAG/100 g, resp.) en la L-182, y de taninos (188,4 mg EAG/100 g) en la L-97, mientras que la tomatidina fue mayor en frutos verdes (2,23-3,81 mg EAG/100 g) que en morados. El intervalo de rendimiento de las líneas fue de 11,4 a 47,6 t/ha, donde el 20% de las líneas superaron la media de rendimiento nacional (40 t/ha). Se destacó la L-37 con 47,6 t/ha, que además produjo mayor número de frutos por planta, diámetro ecuatorial y polar, y una tasa de germinación de 93,3%. Conclusión. Las líneas 37, 25, 27 y 167, tienen potencial para ser validadas para uso comercial y como líneas parentales

Body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry in Mexican schoolchildren with or without obesity

Objective: Apply dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to determine the amount of fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral density in Mexican schoolchildren with and without obesity. Material and methods: We performed an observational, analytical, comparative, cross-sectional study of 80 Mexican schoolchildren who attended the Nutrition Clinic of the Pediatric Medical Center in Monterrey, Mexico during the period of January to April 2005. Body mass index (BMI) was determined to classify the participants according to the growth charts of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Two groups of 40 children each (with and without obesity) were formed and DXA was carried out on each individual. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to determine instrument reliability and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of numerical variables. Means were compared using Student´s t test. Results: Statistically signiicant differences were found in fat mass (p≤0.001) and lean mass (p≤0.001), but not in bone mineral content (p=0.051) between both groups. Conclusions: Differences exist in fat mass and lean mass in both groups, but not in bone mineral content between both groups. A signiicant positive correlation was found between fat mass, determined by DXA, and BMI in schoolchildren with and without obesit

Histological characteristics of encephalon male ostrich (Struthio Camelus)

Para comprender la anatomía celular y los tejidos del encéfalo del avestruz macho (Struthio camelus) se realizó una caracterización histológica de tres muestras biológicas de encéfalo extraídas de tres avestruces machos provenientes de un mismo zoocriadero, a las cuales se les aplico técnica histológica y de microscopía, con el objetivo de reconocer y describir diferentes regiones o estructuras que hacen parte de la organización general del encéfalo del avestruz macho (Struthio camelus). Derivado de estos procedimientos se identificaron algunas estructuras neuroanatomicas y se obtuvo información histológica sobre el encéfalo, información que puede contribuir en posteriores investigaciones para la comprensión de la relación entre las estructuras encefálicas y las características anatómicas, fisiológicas, comportamentales y evolutivas de esta especie y de las aves en general.To understand the cellular anatomy of the encephalon and tissues of male ostrich (Struthio camelus) it has been made a histological characterization of three encephalons samples, that were extracted of three ostriches males from the same breeding center to which they applied microscopy and histological technique with the objective to recognize and describing different regions and structures that are part of the overall organization of the encephalon of male ostrich (Struthio camelus). Derived from these procedures some neuroanatomical structures were identified and was obtained histological information the encephalon, these information can contribute to further research for understanding the relationship between encephalon structures and anatomical characteristics , physiological, behavioral, and evolutionary characteristics of this specie and other birds in general

Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of <i>Acacia pennatula</i> pods

859-864Methanolic extracts of Acacia pennatula pods (MEA) were screened for antioxidant and antimutagenic properties by 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2´-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Kado microsuspension assays, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as HPLC identification and quantification of gallic acid and (+)-catechin were also carried out. MEA were capable of significant antioxidant capacity by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. MEA inhibited > 80% mutagenicity induced either by 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine or sodium azide. Thus phenolics-containing extracts of A. pennatula pods display biological activities with potential application in pharmaceutical and food sectors

A correlative biomarker study and integrative prognostic model in chemotherapy‐naïve metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide

Background There is a considerable need to incorporate biomarkers of resistance to new antiandrogen agents in the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods We conducted a phase II trial of enzalutamide in first-line chemo-naïve asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCRPC and analyzed the prognostic value of TMPRSS2-ERG and other biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), androgen receptor splice variant (AR-V7) in CTCs and plasma Androgen Receptor copy number gain (AR-gain). These biomarkers were correlated with treatment response and survival outcomes and developed a clinical–molecular prognostic model using penalized cox-proportional hazard model. This model was validated in an independent cohort. Results Ninety-eight patients were included. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene was detected in 32 patients with no differences observed in efficacy outcomes. CTC detection was associated with worse outcome and AR-V7 in CTCs was associated with increased rate of progression as best response. Plasma AR gain was strongly associated with an adverse outcome, with worse median prostate specific antigen (PSA)-PFS (4.2 vs. 14.7 m; p < 0.0001), rad-PFS (4.5 vs. 27.6 m; p < 0.0001), and OS (12.7 vs. 38.1 m; p < 0.0001). The clinical prognostic model developed in PREVAIL was validated (C-Index 0.70) and the addition of plasma AR (C-Index 0.79; p < 0.001) increased its prognostic ability. We generated a parsimonious model including alkaline phosphatase (ALP); PSA and AR gain (C-index 0.78) that was validated in an independent cohort. Conclusions TMPRSS2-ERG detection did not correlate with differential activity of enzalutamide in first-line mCRPC. However, we observed that CTCs and plasma AR gain were the most relevant biomarkers