The 1907 Anti-Punjabi Hostilities in Washington State: Prelude to the Ghadar Movement

Following months of harassment and threats, on September 4, 1907 a mob attacked and drove out over 200 South Asian laborers from Bellingham, Washington. Most of these immigrants, commonly referred to as “Hindus,” were Sikhs who had recently emigrated from Punjab to Canada and then crossed the border to work in large lumber mills. The goal of the rioters was to expel these workers from the mills and the city. In the months following, anti-Punjabi hostilities occurred in other locations in the Puget Sound region of Washington State, causing many more South Asian immigrants to flee back to Canada or further south to Oregon and California. This paper addresses the conflicts that faced the early South Asian immigrants to Canada and the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. and examines both causal factors and far-reaching consequences of the conflicts, including exclusionary immigration policies in Canada and the United States and the radicalization of many of these immigrants very similar to what was seen in the sentiments of the Ghadar movement

The 1907 Bellingham Riot and Anti-Asian Hostilities in the Pacific Northwest

Introduction: Historians have emphasized various factors and aspects of the attacks depending on their perspectives and theoretical persuasions, including labor strife, racial supremacist ideology, fears due to socio-cultural differences, and reaction to nationalism and radicalism. More recently, historians have the paid particular attention to the legal and political implications and results on a national level on both sides of the US.-Canadian border.1 Through my study of Asian immigration in the Northwest region and Bellingham in particular, I have concluded that there was a concerted effort to harass the Punjabi Sikhs and arouse popular animosity that began a full year before the 1907 riot. In this paper, I focus first on the local and historical context going back to the first arrivals and reactions in the community, second, how the Bellingham riot and other attacks were portrayed in the press and how various individuals and groups responded at the local level; and conclude with a brief account of the second wave of immigration and the establishment of the Sikh community more recently in Whatcom County. The basic events of the Bellingham riot of 1907 have been commonly described in many histories of Asian Americans and especially in accounts of South Asian and Sikh migration. Less familiar to many is how the Bellingham riot was part of a series of incidents of hostilities against Sikhs and other Punjabi immigrants in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. and British Columbia, and the part the riots played in the politics of Asian exclusion and the deprivation of rights of Asian immigrants

Local Impacts of Walden Ed.D. Project Study Capstones

The perceived impact and potential impact of Walden University Ed.D. project study capstones on educational improvement in K-12, higher education and community settings were investigated through a field-based case study and a document analysis of 169 projects completed between 2009 and 2013.https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/archivedposters/1040/thumbnail.jp

The Life and Works of Ethel Barns: British Violinist-Composer (1873-1948)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University. Bibliography: [p. 157]-161.Although little remembered today, Ethel Barns was recognized in London between 1895 and 1928 as an accomplished violin virtuoso and composer, who performed her own and others' works in chamber music concerts and occasionally in orchestra concerts as violin soloist. Like many performers of her day, Barns wrote music which both she and those closely associated with her performed, in the tradition of such nineteenth-century virtuosi as Henryk Wieniawski and Henri Vieuxtemps. Many of her works, particularly for violin, deserve to be incorporated into present-day repertoires. In keeping with popular tastes of the time, Barns wrote more short pieces for violin and piano (53), short piano pieces (19), and songs (37) than she did large-scale works, which include 5 violin sonatas, 2 works for piano trio, 2 suites for violin and piano, a Fantaisie-Trio for Two Violins and Piano, and three works for violin and chamber orchestra. Of the more than 120 compositions attributable to Barns, 87 are extant. The 15 manuscripts which this study has brought to light and which are now located in the British Library, together with her 72 published works, are discussed in this dissertation. Many of Barns's violin works utilize virtuosic techniques such as double-stops (most notably sixths), ricochet, staccato, and arpeggiando figures, the melodic use of the G-string, and cadenza-like passages. Writing first in the High-Romantic harmonic style, with Brahmsian characteristics evident in her well-written, though conservative Sonata No. 2 in A major, Op. 9 (1904), Barns gradually incorporated Late-Romantic style characteristics such as extensive chromaticism and formal expansiveness, as well as Debussy-like traits such as parallel harmonic progressions, metric flexibility, and added-note harmonies in her mature compositions [e.g., the Sonata No. 4 in G minor, Op. 24 (1910) and the Fantaisie for Two Violins and Piano]. Chapter One of this dissertation gives Barns's life history, while the two chapters on her career are largely devoted to details of the Barns-Phillips Chamber Music Concerts (1895-1913), which featured Barns and her baritone husband, Charles Phillips. The last four chapters comprise a complete discussion of her works by genre and are followed by appendices, including excerpts from some of her major compositions, a list of works, and a discography

Genome-scale reconstruction of the metabolic network in Yersinia pestis, strain 91001

The gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis, the aetiological agent of bubonic plague, is one the deadliest pathogens known to man. Despite its historical reputation, plague is a modern disease which annually afflicts thousands of people. Public safety considerations greatly limit clinical experimentation on this organism and thus development of theoretical tools to analyze the capabilities of this pathogen is of utmost importance. Here, we report the first genome-scale metabolic model of Yersinia pestis biovar Mediaevalis based both on its recently annotated genome, and physiological and biochemical data from literature. Our model demonstrates excellent agreement with Y. pestis known metabolic needs and capabilities. Since Y. pestis is a meiotrophic organism, we have developed CryptFind, a systematic approach to identify all candidate cryptic genes responsible for known and theoretical meiotrophic phenomena. In addition to uncovering every known cryptic gene for Y. pestis, our analysis of the rhamnose fermentation pathway suggests that betB is the responsible cryptic gene. Despite all of our medical advances, we still do not have a vaccine for bubonic plague. Recent discoveries of antibiotic resistant strains of Yersinia pestis coupled with the threat of plague being used as a bioterrorism weapon compel us to develop new tools for studying the physiology of this deadly pathogen. Using our theoretical model, we can study the cells phenotypic behavior under different circumstances and identify metabolic weaknesses which may be harnessed for the development of therapeutics. Additionally, the automatic identification of cryptic genes expands the usage of genomic data for pharmaceutical purposes.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures, 3 table

2017 Walden University Research Symposium

Welcome to the 2017 Walden University Research Symposium. We are glad you can join us in celebrating our 10th anniversary of this Walden University tradition. The Research Symposium is an annual event that showcases research projects from our academic community, especially work by our recent graduates. If there is a theme this year, beyond their shared focus on social change, it would be research aimed at “assuring success” for a variety of people and groups. The presentations at a symposium appear in two different formats • Poster presentations provide an opportunity for researchers to engage with all individuals attending the symposium and potentially to network with other interested researchers. New to this year’s symposium are poster presentations by local alumni who have continued the research they started as doctoral students. • Using a roundtable presentation format, a select group of researchers is available for interactive discussions of their work, with handouts and visual materials available to support the discussion. For this symposium, we are highlighting the in-progress research by fellows associated with Walden University’s Center for Social Change. The “magic” of a research symposium can be found in the interactions between presenters and audience, however. So, please, don’t be shy—step up, ask questions, make comments, and enjoy the experience.https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/current/1000/thumbnail.jp

Purification and properties of an acid phosphomonoesterase from Neurospora crassa

An acid phosphomonoesterase was purified 1400-fold from mycelium of Neurospora crassa with a 40% recovery. The enzyme had a pH maximum of 5.6 with [beta]-glycerol phosphate or glucosamine 6-phosphate as substrates, and cation or cofactor requirements could not be demonstrated. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was studied, using 46 compounds, [alpha]-glycerol phosphate being hydrolyzed most rapidly. When a free amino group and a phosphomonoester group were attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the compound either would not serve as a substrate or was slowly hydrolyzed. Deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate and thymidine 5'-phosphate were not hydrolyzed although all other nucleoside monophosphates tested were able to serve as substrates. Fluoride and (+)tartrate were competitive inhibitors for the hydrolysis of [beta]-glycerol phosphate, while concentrations of thyroxine that completely inhibited the hydrolysis of acetyl phosphate did not affect the hydrolysis of [beta]-glycerol phosphate or p-nitrophenyl phosphate. No evidence was obtained for the presence of more than one phosphomonoesterase in the purified enzyme preparation. These properties distinguish this enzyme from previously described microbial phosphomonoesterases. The possibility of this acid phosphomonoesterase participating in metabolic control systems in N. crassa was discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32350/1/0000421.pd

Nodal quasiparticle in pseudogapped colossal magnetoresistive manganites

A characteristic feature of the copper oxide high-temperature superconductors is the dichotomy between the electronic excitations along the nodal (diagonal) and antinodal (parallel to the Cu-O bonds) directions in momentum space, generally assumed to be linked to the "d-wave" symmetry of the superconducting state. Angle-resolved photoemission measurements in the superconducting state have revealed a quasiparticle spectrum with a d-wave gap structure that exhibits a maximum along the antinodal direction and vanishes along the nodal direction. Subsequent measurements have shown that, at low doping levels, this gap structure persists even in the high-temperature metallic state, although the nodal points of the superconducting state spread out in finite "Fermi arcs". This is the so-called pseudogap phase, and it has been assumed that it is closely linked to the superconducting state, either by assigning it to fluctuating superconductivity or by invoking orders which are natural competitors of d-wave superconductors. Here we report experimental evidence that a very similar pseudogap state with a nodal-antinodal dichotomous character exists in a system that is markedly different from a superconductor: the ferromagnetic metallic groundstate of the colossal magnetoresistive bilayer manganite La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7. Our findings therefore cast doubt on the assumption that the pseudogap state in the copper oxides and the nodal-antinodal dichotomy are hallmarks of the superconductivity state.Comment: To appear in Natur