The gluon content of the photon from di-jet production at the photon-photon collider

A study of di-jet measurements at a future photon collider is reported. The sensitivity to extract the gluon distribution is discussed. The results are compared with calculations for a linear e+e- collider.Comment: revised version with minor text changes and one figure replace

Dealing with Uncertainties in Asteroid Deflection Demonstration Missions: NEOTwIST

Deflection missions to near-Earth asteroids will encounter non-negligible uncertainties in the physical and orbital parameters of the target object. In order to reliably assess future impact threat mitigation operations such uncertainties have to be quantified and incorporated into the mission design. The implementation of deflection demonstration missions offers the great opportunity to test our current understanding of deflection relevant uncertainties and their consequences, e.g., regarding kinetic impacts on asteroid surfaces. In this contribution, we discuss the role of uncertainties in the NEOTwIST asteroid deflection demonstration concept, a low-cost kinetic impactor design elaborated in the framework of the NEOShield project. The aim of NEOTwIST is to change the spin state of a known and well characterized near-Earth object, in this case the asteroid (25143) Itokawa. Fast events such as the production of the impact crater and ejecta are studied via cube-sat chasers and a flyby vehicle. Long term changes, for instance, in the asteroid's spin and orbit, can be assessed using ground based observations. We find that such a mission can indeed provide valuable constraints on mitigation relevant parameters. Furthermore, the here proposed kinetic impact scenarios can be implemented within the next two decades without threatening Earth's safety.Comment: Accepted for publication in the proceedings of the IAUS 318 - Asteroids: New Observations, New Models, held at the IAU General Assembly in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA 201

Communication: Vibrational and vibronic coherences in the two dimensional spectroscopy of coupled electron-nuclear motion

We theoretically investigate the photon-echo spectroscopy of coupled electron-nuclear quantum dynamics. Two situations are treated. In the first case, the Born-Oppenheimer (adiabatic) approximation holds. It is then possible to interpret the two-dimensional (2D) spectra in terms of vibrational motion taking place in different electronic states. In particular, pure vibrational coherences which are related to oscillations in the time-dependent third-order polarization can be identified. This concept fails in the second case, where strong non-adiabatic coupling leads to the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer-approximation. Then, the 2D-spectra reveal a complicated vibronic structure and vibrational coherences cannot be disentangled from the electronic motion

Hormonal control of gubernaculum development during testis descent: gubernaculum outgrowth in vitro requires both insulin-like factor and androgen

The gubernaculum connects the gonad to the inguinoscrotal region and is involved in testis descent. It rapidly develops in the male fetus, whereas development in the female fetus is lacking. Possible factors involved in gubernaculum development are androgens, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and insulin-like factor (Insl3). Sexual dimorphism in gubernaculum development correlated with the mitotic activity of cells in the gubernacular bulbs from male and female fetuses. Androgen receptor expression was restricted to the mesenchymal core of the gubernacular bulb, whereas skeletal muscle was detected in its outer layer. In an organ culture system devised to further study gubernaculum development in vitro, morphology of gubernacular explants grown in the presence of testes was comparable with that of gubernacula developed in vivo. Testicular tissue or medium containing R1881, a synthetic androgen, had a growth stimulatory effect on gubernacular explants compared with ovarian tissue or basal medium only. Moreover, Amh-/-, Amh+/-, and Insl3+/- testes stimulated the growth of gubernacular explants to the same extent as control testes. Insl3-/- testes, however, did not produce such an activity. This study reveals an essential role for both androgen and Insl3 in the gubernaculum outgrowth during transabdominal testis descent

The Detection of Unsteady Flow Separation with Bioinspired Hair-Cell Sensors

Biologists hypothesize that thousands of micro-scale hairs found on bat wings function as a network of air-flow sensors as part of a biological feedback flow control loop. In this work, we investigate hair-cell sensors as a means of detecting flow features in an unsteady separating flow over a cylinder. Individual hair-cell sensors were modeled using an Euler-Bernoulli beam equation forced by the fluid flow. When multiple sensor simulations are combined into an array of hair-cells, the response is shown to detect the onset and span of flow reversal, the upstream movement of the point of zero wall shear-stress, and the formation and growth of eddies near the wall of a cylinder. A linear algebraic hair-cell model, written as a function of the flow velocity, is also derived and shown to capture the same features as the hair-cell array simulatio

Physico-Chemistry and Organoleptic Fish Cake for Tuna (Thunnus albacores) Enriched with Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed

One type of fish resource that has great potential in Indonesia is from large pelagic fish groups including tuna, tuna, and skipjack. Efforts to increase people's interest in consuming fish, with diversified products. The way that can be done to take advantage of fishery production is by diversifying fishery products and processing them into a variety of products. One of them is the abundance of tuna commodities in North Sulawesi, which has the potential to be developed into a product. This study aims to analyze the water content, fiber content, and organoleptic tests to obtain the product quality of tuna fish cake with the addition of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed. The data obtained from the results of the research conducted were calculated for the average value, then continued with the ANOVA test on SPSS and discussed descriptively. The results showed that the high water content value was obtained in treatment B2 with a water content value of 7.24 while the lowest value for treatments A1 and A2 was 3.06%. The highest crude fiber content was 0.2150 while the low fiber content was 0.057. Organoleptic results for fish cake products obtained panelists' preference level by looking at the results of taste, texture, aroma, and color values ​​in treatment B2 (frying fish cake) with the addition of 80% tuna and 20% seaweed. Keywords: Fish cake, Thunuus albacares, Eucheuma cottonii Abstrak Salah satu jenis sumber daya ikan yang memiliki potensi besar di Indonesia adalah dari kelompok ikan pelagis besar antaranya Tuna, Tongkol dan Cakalang. Upaya untuk meningkatkan daya minat masyarakat dalam mengkomsumsi ikan, dengan adanya produk diversifikasi. Cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk memanfaatkan produksi perikanan yaitu dengan cara diversifikasi produk hasil perikanan diolah menjadi beranekaragam. Salah satunya dengan jumlah komoditas ikan tuna yang melimpah di Sulawesi Utara berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi sebuah produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar air, kadar serat dan uji organoleptic untuk mendapatkan mutu produk fish cake ikan tuna dengan penambahan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dihitung nilai rata-ratanya, lalu dilanjutkan dengan uji ANOVA pada SPSS dan dibahas secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai kadar air yang tinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan B2 dengan nilai kadar air sebesar 7.24 sedangkan perlakuan A1 dan A2 diperoleh nilai paling rendah sebesar 3.06%. Hasil kadar serat kasar yang paling tinggi adalah 0.2150 sedangkan nilai kadar serat yang rendah adalah sebesar 0.057. Hasil organoleptic untuk produk fish cake  diperoleh tingkat kesukaan panelis dengan melihat hasil nilai rasa,  tekstur, aroma dan warna pada perlakuan B2 (penggorengan fish cake) dengan penambahan ikan tuna 80% dan rumput laut 20%. Kata kunci: Fish cake, Thunuus albacares, Eucheuma cottoni

Fiber Content and Viscosity of Seaweed Extract Eucheuma spinosum using Subcritical Water Method

This study was conducted to analyze the fiber content and viscosity of the Eucheuma spinosum seaweed. Seaweed, used in dry form, is extracted using subcritical water at 115°C and 125°C with time of 15, 20, and 25 minutes respectively using Hirayama HVE-50. The results of analysis of E.spinosum's fiber content and extract viscosity were obtained in the treatment of each of the lowest crude fibre levels in the 15 minute treatment at 115°C at 1.175%, and the highest at the 25 minute treatment at 125°C at 2.1525%. The analysis of insoluble fiber levels is lowest at 20 minutes of treatment at 125°C at 9.4% and the highest 20 minutes of treatment at 115°C at 16.64%. The analysis of dissolved dietary fiber is lowest at 15 minutes of treatment at 115°C at 2.21% and 25 minutes of treatment at 115°C at 12.61%. Viscosity analysis is lowest at 20 minutes with a temperature of 115°C at 22.465 cP and the highest time treatment at 115°C at 91.455 cP. Keywords: Eucheuma spinosum, fiber content, viscosity, and subcritical water Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis nilai kadar serat dan viskositas yang  terdapat pada rumput laut Eucheuma spinosum. Rumput laut yang digunakan dalam bentuk kering, diekstraksi menggunakan air subkritis pada suhu 115°C dan 125°C dengan waktu masing-masing selama 15, 20, dan 25 menit menggunakan autoclave tipe Hirayama HVE-50. Hasil analisis kadar serat dan viskositas ekstrak rumput laut E.spinosum diperoleh masing-masing pada perlakuan yaitu kadar serat kasar terendah terdapat pada perlakuan waktu 15 menit dengan suhu115°C sebesar 1,175%, dan tertinggi pada perlakuan waktu 25 menit dengan suhu 125°C sebesar 2,1525%. Analisis kadar serat pangan tak larut terendah pada perlakuan waktu 20 menit dengan suhu 125°C sebesar 9,4% dan tertinggi perlakuan waktu 20 menit dengan suhu 115°C sebesar 16,64%. Analisis serat pangan terlarut terendah pada perlakuan waktu 15 menit dengan suhu 115°C sebesar 2,21% dan tertinggi perlakuan waktu 25 menit dengan suhu 115°C sebesar 12,61%. Analisisviskositasterendah pada perlakuan 20 menitdengansuhu 115°C sebesar 22,465 cP dan tertinggi perlakuan waktu 25 menit dengan suhu 115°C sebesar 91,455cP. Kata Kunci: Eucheuma spinosum, kadar serat, viskositas, dan air subkriti

VIPP1 rods engulf membranes containing phosphatidylinositol phosphates

In cyanobacteria and plants, VIPP1 plays crucial roles in the biogenesis and repair of thylakoid membrane protein complexes and in coping with chloroplast membrane stress. In chloroplasts, VIPP1 localizes in distinct patterns at or close to envelope and thylakoid membranes. In vitro, VIPP1 forms higher-order oligomers of >1 MDa that organize into rings and rods. However, it remains unknown how VIPP1 oligomerization is related to function. Using time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, we show here that Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiVIPP1 binds strongly to liposomal membranes containing phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P). Cryo-electron tomography reveals that VIPP1 oligomerizes into rods that can engulf liposomal membranes containing PI4P. These findings place VIPP1 into a group of membrane-shaping proteins including epsin and BAR domain proteins. Moreover, they point to a potential role of phosphatidylinositols in directing the shaping of chloroplast membranes