Pengaruh penambahan kacang hijau (Vigna radiata (l.) R. Wilczek) pada fermentasi susu oleh lactococcus lactis nbrc 12007

The high content of α-galactooligosaccharide in mung beans has the potential for supporting the growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), therefore it can be developed as fermented plant-based milk that substituted Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk. The purposes of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of LAB Lactococcus lactis NBRC 12007 in the fermentation process of mung bean milk and to observe the quality differences of fermented mung bean milk with UHT milk.  Previously, preparations were made for starter L. lactis NBRC 12007 in MRSB medium and then sub cultured to UHT milk. Furthermore, 3% of the culture was inoculated into each of the mung bean milk substrate and UHT milk as a starter for the fermentation process and incubated for 24 hours at 37oC. During this process, the effectiveness of LAB was tested (total cell, total acid, total protein, pH, antibacterial) and the quality test of fermented products (organoleptic and physical).  Based on total cells, total acid, total protein, pH, and antibacterial test findings, fermented mung bean milk products had a higher value than UHT milk products. During the process, it was proven that L. lactis NBRC 12007 had high effectiveness in producing and improving the quality of fermented mung bean milk compared to UHT milk. It is assumed that the content of oligosaccharides supports the growth of LAB and the fermentation process

Production And Characterization Of Biosurfactants Produced By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa B031 Isolated From A Hydrocarbon Phytoremediation Field

The biosurfactants are used by several industrial sectors such as petroleum, agriculture, food production, chemistry, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Because of their hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties, they have potency to reduce surface tension, interfacial tension between water-hydrocarbon systems, and low micelle concentration. Their characteristics strongly depend on the producer strain as well as on the medium composition, such as carbon and nitrogen sources. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different sources of carbon (n-hexadecane, glycerol and glucose) and nitrogen (urea, NH4Cl and NaNO3) for the production of biosurfactants by a new strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa B031 isolated from a rhizosphere of Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen, a hardwood plant species at a phytoremediation field. The biosurfactant characteristics of the strain were evaluated, particularly its surface-active properties and potential to remove hydrocarbon. Glycerol was found to be the optimum carbon source, with rhamnose concentration, emulsification index, and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 718 mg/L, 37%, and 35 mN/m, respectively. NaNO3 was observed as the optimum nitrogen source, with rhamnose concentration, emulsification index, and CMC of 290 mg/L, 30%, and 24 mN/m, respectively. These biosurfactants efficiently reduced surface tension of culture broth from 42 mN/m to 31 mN/m for the glycerol treatment and from 37 mN/m to 24 mN/m for the sodium nitrate treatment. The crude biosurfactants from the glycerol and sodium nitrate treatments also removed 87.5% and 84%, respectively, of crude oil from sand. These rates were higher than those of the chemical surfactants (SDS and Triton X-100). These findings indicate that the biosurfactants produced by the strain from both glycerol and NaNO3 treatments can efficiently decrease the interfacial tension of culture broth dilution and have a high emulsion index, thus hold promise in hydrocarbon bioremediation application

Aktivitas Immobilized α-Amylase Dan Free α-Amylase Dari Zoogloea Ramigera ABL 1 Dalam Medium Pati Cair Dengan Perlakuan Faktor Lingkungan

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakter aktivitas immobilized amylase dan free amylase dari isolat amilolitik Zoogloea ramigera ABL 1 dengan beberapa kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda, seperti suhu, pH, temperatur, dan ion logam. Amilase dengan aktivitas enzimatik tertinggi diunduh dari kultur bakteri dalam medium pati cair melalui sentrifugasi. Enzim hasil pengunduhan kemudian diperlakukan immobilization technique dengan direaksikan Ca-alginat. Enzim tanpa perlakuan immobilization technique merupakan free amylase. Kedua amilase kemudian dikarakterisasi berdasar aktivitas spesifik enzim pada kondisi temperatur 30°C; pH (4âˆ'10), pH 7; temperature (10âˆ'80°C), dan penambahan 1 mM ion logam (CaCl2, CuSO4, FeSO4.7H2O, MgSO4.7H2O, MnCl2..4H2O, ZnSO4) dengan temperatur dan suhu optimum hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Aktivitas spesifik immobilized amylase pada semua kondisi lingkungan lebih stabil dan tinggi daripada free amylase. Immobilized amylase bersifat stabil pada kisaran suhu 10–60°C, dan aktivitas optimumnya terjadi pada suhu 30°C. Immobilized amylase tersebut juga stabil pada kisaran pH 4–7, dengan aktivitas optimum berada pada pH 7. Aktivitas immobilized amylase yang tertinggi terjadi pada penambahan 1 mM ion logam MnCl2.4H2O. Sebaliknya, free enzyme dipengaruhi oleh penambahan 1 mM CaCl2. Perlakuan immobilization technique pada amilase dari Zoogloea ramigera ABL 1 terbukti dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas spesifik enzim dengan kisaran pH dan temperatur yang luas, serta penambahan ion logam

Characterization and Polyphasic Identification of Novel Rhizobacteria Strain Isolated from Sand Dunes Ecosystem

The coastal sand dune ecosystem at the Parangtritis Coast of Yogyakarta, Indonesia has unique characteristics such as low moisture sandy soil, high salinity and low nutrient content. Fimbristylis cymosa is one of the plant species having the capability to survive in that unique ecosystem. In this study, rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of F. cymosa were isolated to be further analyzed on their phosphate solubilizing and antagonistic properties against Fusarium oxysporum which cause the Wilt disease. The isolates of Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria (PSR) having the most potential capabilities were then polyphasically identified based on phenotypic and genotypic characters followed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that four PSR isolates (I8, I11, I12 and I24) have high phosphate dissolution indices. The highest indices were observed in isolates I11 (3.08) and I12 (3.44), respectively. Analysis of the dual plate experiments for PSR I11 and PSR I12 isolates against the growth of F. oxysporum also showed quite high inhibitory activities, i.e., isolate PSR I11 was 42.40%, while isolate PSR I12 was 42.08%. The two isolates were polyphasically identified as Burkholderia dolosa. This study clearly showed that PSR I11 and PSR I12 isolates are very potential and prospective to be used as marginal land inoculants and as providers of phosphorus. This study also showed that the isolates are useful as biocontrol agents against F. oxysporum in plants. Keywords: inhibitory activity, phosphate dissolution index, phosphorus, polyphasic identification, sandy soi

Chromium Precipitation Activity and Molecular Characterization of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Chromium is one of the metals used in many areas of industry., However, chromium is toxic to organisms when present in large quantities in the environment. One of the method for treatment of hazardous waste containing chromium in the aquatic environment can be removed by bioremediation using sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Therefore, the purpose of this research were to analyze the chromium precipitation activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from sulfate reducing bioreactor and its molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequences. The result observed that the isolate of sulfate-reducing bacteria (KGP1 strain) has chromium tolerancy ability up to 5 ppm. It also showed that the strain KGP1 could precipitate chromium up to 0.141 ppm (79 %) on 5 days incubation. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, this strain identified as Desulfovibrio aerotolerans

Preliminary Study of Liquid Hydrocarbon Biodegradation By Indigineous Bacteria Isolated from Wonocolo Village, Bojonegoro District, East Java Province

Aquatic environmental pollution due to petroleum waste can cause disruption to the environment and damaging of flora and fauna. It has been reported that petroleum contaminatin occurs in the Bengawan Solo river, East Java Province. Liquid hydrocarbon waste pollution can be remediate through various processes, one of them is biodegradation. Biodegradation a part of bioremediation, is the process by which organic substances are decomposed by microorganisms into simpler substances such as carbon dioxide, water and ammonia. Bioremediation has minor side effects compare to other methods because it’s more effective, efficient, economical and eco-friendly through biological process. This study aims to identify bacteria for liquid hydrocarbon degradation from the rivers in Wonocolo Village, Bojonegoro District and to determine maximum percentage of inoculum to produce the highest efficiency of liquid hydrocarbons degradation. Based on phenotypic characters, the selected bacteria was identified as a genus of Moraxella. Its bacterium with a concentration of 2 % can reduce hydrocarbons to a maximum of 0.67 % per hour at the exponential phase growth

Aktivitas Immobilized α-Amylase dan Free α-Amylase dari Zoogloea ramigera ABL 1 dalam Medium Pati Cair dengan Perlakuan Faktor Lingkungan

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakter aktivitas immobilized amylase dan free amylase dari isolat amilolitik Zoogloea ramigera ABL 1 dengan beberapa kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda, seperti suhu, pH, temperatur, dan ion logam. Amilase dengan aktivitas enzimatik tertinggi diunduh dari kultur bakteri dalam medium pati cair melalui sentrifugasi. Enzim hasil pengunduhan kemudian diperlakukan immobilization technique dengan direaksikan Ca-alginat. Enzim tanpa perlakuan immobilization technique merupakan free amylase. Kedua amilase kemudian dikarakterisasi berdasar aktivitas spesifik enzim pada kondisi temperatur 30°C; pH (4−10), pH 7; temperature (10−80°C), dan penambahan 1 mM ion logam (CaCl2, CuSO4, FeSO4.7H2O, MgSO4.7H2O, MnCl2..4H2O, ZnSO4) dengan temperatur dan suhu optimum hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Aktivitas spesifik immobilized amylase pada semua kondisi lingkungan lebih stabil dan tinggi daripada free amylase. Immobilized amylase bersifat stabil pada kisaran suhu 10–60°C, dan aktivitas optimumnya terjadi pada suhu 30°C. Immobilized amylase tersebut juga stabil pada kisaran pH 4–7, dengan aktivitas optimum berada pada pH 7. Aktivitas immobilized amylase yang tertinggi terjadi pada penambahan 1 mM ion logam MnCl2.4H2O. Sebaliknya, free enzyme dipengaruhi oleh penambahan 1 mM CaCl2. Perlakuan immobilization technique pada amilase dari Zoogloea ramigera ABL 1 terbukti dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas spesifik enzim dengan kisaran pH dan temperatur yang luas, serta penambahan ion logam

Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas geniculata (Wright, 1895) Chester, 1901 on Three Fungals Species: Relationship with Incubation Time and Fungal Diameter Size

Pseudomonas geniculata has been isolated from uncontaminated vertisol in Kulon Progo district. The isolate is hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium capable of forming biofilm on the fungal hyphae. Sinergy of both microbe in the form fungal-bacteria biofilm produce high ability to degrading hydrocarbon and survive in its pollution environment. The purpose of this research was to evaluate ability of Pseudomonas geniculata (Wright, 1895) Chester, 1901 to form biofilm and its attachment on three fungals species such as Penicillium sp., Penicillium funiculosum and Penicillium crustosum. The diameter size of fungal hyphae was of 1.3 µm, 1.9 µm and 2.4 µm, respectively. P. geniculata required at least 48 h to form biofilms on Penicillium sp. hyphae when incubated in mineral Bushnell Haas Medium suplemented with 2 % glucose at room temperature, with maximal biofilm formation being evident at 360 h. Biofilm attachment on Penicillium sp. hyphae was disrupted by the vortex power of 5 rpm for 20 s. Interaction of P. geniculata and Penicillium sp. that has a smallest diameter size of hypha were more successful on biofilm formation and attachment which could contribute to bacterial survival in environmental stresses. Keyword: Biofilm, fungal hyphae, Pseudomonas geniculata (Wright, 1895) Chester, 1901, Penicillium.

Isolation of Cellulolytic Microbes from Bio-Slurry

Cellulolytic microbes produce cellulase enzymes that can degrade cellulose. Cellulolytic microbes are found in many habitats, including in cattle waste (bio-slurry), which is result of hydrolysis of cattle feed ingredients sourced from cellulose. Cellulase enzymes play a role in the process of hydrolyzing cellulose into glucose. This study aims to isolate cellulolytic microbes from bio-slurry and measure activity of cellulase enzymes in cellulolytic microbes isolated from bio-slurry. We are taking bio-slurry samples with 5 sample points and isolating the microbes in Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) medium, cellulase enzyme activity qualitative test with Congo Red Assay, and perform quantitative test with the DNS Assay. Microbial isolates which shows positive results for cellulolytic activity in the qualitative test called SIIC1, SIIIC5, SIIC3. In the quantitative test can be seen based on Optical Density (OD) for cell lysate, SIIC1 0.298; SIIC3 0.186; SIIIC5 0.247; and a 0.332 for blank solution. Whereas supernatant obtain SIIC1 value of 0.237; SIIC3 0.212; SIIIC5 0.198; and 0.195 for blank solution. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the cellulolytic activity of microbes in bio-slurry based on OD values shows good results in supernatant, but it’s not significant enough in the cell lysate

Assessment and bioremediation of mercury pollutants by highly mercury-resistant bacteria immobilized in biochar from small-scale artisanal gold mining areas

Small-scale gold mining activities in Indonesia still use amalgamation techniques, which have the potential to cause mercury (Hg) pollution and affect the quality and number of microorganisms. Mercury-resistant bacteria can survive and adapt to mercury-exposed environments and can be developed as bioremediation agents. The bioremediation activity of these bacteria can be increased through immobilization using biochar. The results of observations of physicochemical qualities in three samples in the mining area, showed significant differences. The TOC in the rhizosphere soil sample of Calliandra calothyrsus L. showed the significantly highest value at 14.5%, and the pH of the three samples indicated acidity and exhibited no difference (p<0.05). The highest concentration measured in the tailing sample was 9.9 ng/g (p<0.05). The number of heterotrophic bacteria in the rhizosphere soil was the highest at 7.2 × 108 CFU/g. On the other hand, the number of mercury-resistant bacteria in the tailing sample showed the highest value of 6.3 × 103 CFU/g. In the selection based on the toxicity profile of 30 mercury-resistant bacteria obtained, the highest results were observed in the LMP1B5 bacterial isolate from the river sediment, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 225 and 250 mg/L, respectively. Polyphasic identification based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics using the 16S rRNA gene showed that the bacterial isolate was identified as Escherichia fergusonii. The growth and mercury removal activity of E. fergusonii LMP1B5 increased by 21% and 52%, respectively, after the immobilization with biochar. Thus, immobilized E. fergusonii LMP1B5 was effective in removing mercury pollutants