Progression of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) colonic cells after transfer of the src or polyoma middle T oncogenes: cooperation between src and HGF/Met in invasion.

Little is known about the the signalling pathways driving the adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence in human colonic epithelial cells. Accumulation and activation of the src tyrosine kinase in colon cancer suggest a potential role of this oncogene in this early progression. Therefore, we introduced either activated src (m-src), polyoma-MT alone or combined with normal c-src in the adenoma PC/AA/C1 cell line (PC) to define the function and phenotypic transformations induced by these oncogenes in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) colonic epithelial cells. Functional expression of these oncoproteins induced the adenoma-to-carcinoma conversion, overexpression of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor Met, but failed to confer invasiveness in vivo and in vitro, or to produce alterations in cell proliferation and differentiation. In contrast, PC-msrc cells became susceptible to the HGF-induced invasion of collagen gels and exhibited sustained activation of the pp60src tyrosine kinase and Tyr phosphorylation of the 120-kDa E-cadherin, which was further increased by HGF Transcripts of HGF were clearly identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot in the parental and transformed PC cells, suggesting an autocrine mechanism. Taken together, the data indicate that: (1) experimental activation of src and PyMT pathways directly induces tumorigenicity and Met upregulation in a colon adenoma cell line; (2) HGF-activated Met and src cooperate in inducing invasion; (3) in view of the molecular associations between catenins and cadherin or the tumour-suppressor gene product APC, the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin may constitute a downstream effector of src and Met

Elevated c-Src is linked to altered cell–matrix adhesion rather than proliferation in KM12C human colorectal cancer cells

Elevated expression and/or activity of c-Src, the prototype of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases, is associated with the development of human colon cancer. However, despite the known pleiotropic effects of these kinases in promoting (a) cell growth downstream of growth factor receptors, and (b) the dynamic regulation of integrin adhesions in fibroblast model systems, their precise role in epithelial cancer cells is unknown. Here we addressed whether elevated expression and activity of cellular Src alters cell proliferation and/or cell–matrix adhesion in cancer cells from the Fidler model of colorectal metastasis. Although elevated Src correlates with ability to metastasise to the liver after intrasplenic injection, we found that this was not linked to enhanced growth, either in vitro or in vivo as sub-cutaneous tumours. However, elevated Src was associated with enhanced attachment to extracellular matrix. In addition, adhesion to fibronectin, was suppressed by agents that inhibited Src activity, while enforced elevation of Src in non-metastatic cells was sufficient to stimulate adhesion to fibronectin and enhanced assembly of adhesion complexes, without influencing cell growth. Thus, we conclude that one role of elevated Src in human colon cancer cells is to modulate integrin-dependent cell–matrix attachment and formation of adhesion structures, which may, in turn, influence cell motility and integrin-dependent cellular responses

Nécropolis

2 vol. (IX-291 p., VIII-p. 293-714

Géoarchéologie du port maritime d'Alexandrie

International audienc

GeneralBlock: A C++ Program for Identifying and Analyzing Rock Blocks Formed by Finite-Sized Fractures

Part 7: Analytics and VisualizationInternational audienceGeneralBlock is a software tool for identifying and analyzing rock blocks formed by finite-sized fractures. It was developed in C++ with a friendly user interface, and can analyze the blocks of a complex-shaped modeling domain, such as slopes, tunnels, underground caverns, or their combinations. The heterogeneity of materials was taken fully into account. Both the rocks and the fractures can be heterogeneous. The program can either accept deterministic fractures obtained from a field survey, or generate random fractures by stochastic modeling. The program identifies all of the blocks formed by the excavations and the fractures, classifies the blocks, and outputs a result table that shows the type, volume, factor of safety, sliding fractures, sliding force, friction force, cohesion force, and so on for each block. It also displays three-dimensional (3D) graphics of the blocks. With GeneralBlock, rock anchors and anchor cables can be designed with the visual assistance of 3D graphics of blocks and the excavation. The anchor, cables, and blocks are shown within the same window of 3D graphics. The spatial relationship between the blocks and the anchors and cables is thus very clear

The 2005 Chios Ancient Shipwreck Survey: New Methods for Underwater Archaeology

In 2005 a Greek and American interdisciplinary team investigated two shipwrecks off the coast of Chios dating to the 4th-century b.c. and the 2nd/1st century. The project pioneered archaeological methods of precision acoustic, digital image, and chemical survey using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and in-situ sensors, increasing the speed of data acquisition while decreasing costs. The AUV recorded data revealing the physical dimensions, age, cargo, and preservation of the wrecks. The earlier wreck contained more than 350 amphoras, predominantly of Chian type, while the Hellenistic wreck contained about 40 Dressel 1C amphoras. Molecular biological analysis of two amphoras from the 4th-century wreck revealed ancient DNA of olive, oregano, and possibly mastic, part of a cargo outbound from Chios. Author(s): Brendan P. Foley 1 | Katerina Dellaporta 2 | Dimitris Sakellariou 3 | Brian S. Bingham 4 | Richard Camilli 5 | Ryan M. Eustice 6 | Dionysis Evagelistis 7 | Vicki Lynn Ferrini 8 | Kostas Katsaros 9 | Dimitris Kourkoumelis 10 | Aggelos Mallios 11 | Paraskevi Micha 12 | David A. Mindell 13 | Christopher Roman 14 | Hanumant Singh 15 | David S. Switzer 16 | Theotokis Theodoulou 17Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86047/1/bfoley-11.pd