Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to treat respiratory distress in newborns in low- and middle-income countries.

Severe respiratory distress is a serious complication common to the three major causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity (prematurity, intra-partum-related hypoxia and infections). In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), 20% of babies presenting with severe respiratory distress die.Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), is an effective intervention for respiratory distress in newborns and widely used in high-income countries. Following the development of simple, safe and relatively inexpensive CPAP devices, there is potential for large-scale implementation in the developing world.In this article, we describe existing CPAP systems and present a review of the current literature examining the effectiveness of CPAP compared to standard care (oxygen) in newborns with respiratory distress. We also discuss the evidence gap which needs to be addressed prior to its integration into health systems in LMICs

Pandémie grippale A/H1N1v en 2009 : comment les médecins généralistes hauts normands ont-ils adapté leur pratique? ((enquête auprès de 89 médecins généralistes))

En 2009 la France a déclenché son plan national de prévention et de lutte contre la pandémie grippale A/H1N1v. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux modifications de pratiques mises en oeuvre par les médecins généralistes (MG) pendant la crise sanitaire. Méthode : Étude rétrospective déclarative par questionnaire auprès de 89 médecins généralistes en région Haute-Normandie. Résultats : 2/3 des médecins se sont vaccinés. des MG se lavaient les mains après chaque patient, l'aération du cabinet était au moins quotidienne pour 84,3% des MG, ils n'étaient plus que 2/3 à désinfecter au moins une fois/jour les surfaces de travail. Moins d'un quart des MG ont porté un masque principalement du fait de l'inconfort et du peu de gravité de la grippe. Les patients suspects de grippe, vus à plus de 90% dans les 12h suivant l'appel, n'étaient accueillis sur des temps dédiés que dans 13% des cas (mauvaise compliance des patients), isolés en salle d'attente dans 1/3 des cas et se voyaient proposer un masque dans 84% des cas en consultation. Les antiviraux ont été dans l'ensemble peu prescrits en particulier en situation prophylactique. 2/3 des MG ont participé à une formation A/H1N1. L'exercice en groupe a significativement favorisé le port du masque FFP2, l'accès aux masques en salle d'attente pour le patient et l'isolement des cas grippés en salle d'attente. La présence d'une secrétaire a facilité de façon significative l'accès au masque et à une solution hydro alcoolique pour le patient en salle d'attente, et a semblé améliorer l'hygiène du cabinet (aération-désinfection). La participation à la formation A/H1N1 n'a pas semblé avoir d'impact. Discussion/ conclusion : Les médecins généralistes hauts normands se sont appropriés de façon modeste les mesures barrières avec cette grippe A/H1N1v s'avérant bénigne. Pour se préparer à la prochaine crise pandémique grippale, le regroupement des médecins et la présence de personnels dans les cabinets semblent être les principaux moteurs de l'application des mesures barrières et devraient être soutenus. La formation pourrait être ciblée et les recommandations ministérielles devraient s'établir en collaboration avec les représentants de la médecine générale.ROUEN-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (765402102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Circumbinary Ring, Circumstellar disks and accretion in the binary system UY Aurigae

Recent exo-planetary surveys reveal that planets can orbit and survive around binary stars. This suggests that some fraction of young binary systems which possess massive circumbinary disks (CB) may be in the midst of planet formation. However, there are very few CB disks detected. We revisit one of the known CB disks, the UY Aurigae system, and probe 13CO 2-1, C18O 2-1, SO 5(6)-4(5) and 12CO 3-2 line emission and the thermal dust continuum. Our new results confirm the existence of the CB disk. In addition, the circumstellar (CS) disks are clearly resolved in dust continuum at 1.4 mm. The spectral indices between the wavelengths of 0.85 mm and 6 cm are found to be surprisingly low, being 1.6 for both CS disks. The deprojected separation of the binary is 1.26" based on our 1.4 mm continuum data. This is 0.07" (10 AU) larger than in earlier studies. Combining the fact of the variation of UY Aur B in $R$ band, we propose that the CS disk of an undetected companion UY Aur Bb obscures UY Aur Ba. A very complex kinematical pattern inside the CB disk is observed due to a mixing of Keplerian rotation of the CB disk, the infall and outflow gas. The streaming gas accreting from the CB ring toward the CS disks and possible outflows are also identified and resolved. The SO emission is found to be at the bases of the streaming shocks. Our results suggest that the UY Aur system is undergoing an active accretion phase from the CB disk to the CS disks. The UY Aur B might also be a binary system, making the UY Aur a triple system.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures; accepted for publication in Ap

A standardized formula for aesthetic mandibular reconstruction using an osteocutaneous fibular free flap

Ameloblastoma is the most common benign odontogenic tumor of the jaw, and expansional growth of a huge untreated ameloblastoma can result in disturbances in facial aesthetics and function, such as difficulty with mouth opening, swallowing, chewing, breathing, neurologic deficits, and pathologic fractures. Radical wide resection with safety margins and subsequent reconstruction is generally recommended. A fibular free flap (FFF) is commonlyused to reconstruct the mandible in order to adequately restore both aesthetic appearance and function. The aim of this brief clinical report is to present a case of huge ameloblastoma after wide resection with free safety margins, and describe the immediate one-step mandibular reconstruction using a vascularized composite FFF. The sterolithographic(rapid prototype, RP) model, a wax pattern of the resected mandible, and a surgical fibular stent made from the wax pattern were constructed preoperatively. We suggest a standardized surgical protocol for mandibular reconstruction with FFF.Funding: Supported by the International Research & Development Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2015K1A3A9A01028230)Keywords: Mandibular reconstruction, fibular osteocutaneous free flap, huge ameloblastoma, stereolithographicmodel, standardized formul

A Proteomics Approach to Investigate miR-153-3p and miR-205-5p Targets in Neuroblastoma Cells

MicroRNAs are key regulators associated with numerous diseases. In HEK293 cells, miR-153-3p and miR-205-5p down-regulate alpha-synuclein (SNCA) and Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), two key proteins involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We have used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) to identify a spectrum of miR-153-3p and miR-205-5p targets in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. We overexpressed and inhibited both microRNAs in SH-SY5Y cells and through comparative proteomics profiling we quantified ~240 protein spots from each analysis. Combined, thirty-three protein spots were identified showing significant (p-value \u3c 0.05) changes in abundance. Modulation of miR-153-3p resulted in seven up-regulated proteins and eight down-regulated proteins. miR-205 modulation resulted in twelve up-regulated proteins and six down-regulated proteins. Several of the proteins are associated with neuronal processes, including peroxiredoxin-2 and -4, cofilin-1, prefoldin 2, alpha-enolase, human nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (Nm23) and 14-3-3 protein epsilon. Many of the differentially expressed proteins are involved in diverse pathways including metabolism, neurotrophin signaling, actin cytoskeletal regulation, HIF-1 signaling and the proteasome indicating that miR-153-3p and miR-205-5p are involved in the regulation of a wide variety of biological processes in neuroblastoma cells

Dynamic mechanical behaviour of nanoparticle loaded biodegradable PVA films for vaginal drug delivery

Traore, Y. L., Fumakia, M., Gu, J., & Ho, E. A. Dynamic mechanical behaviour of nanoparticle loaded biodegradable PVA films for vaginal drug delivery, Journal of Biomaterials Applications 32(8) pp. 1119–1126. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Reprinted by permission of SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885328217739451In this study, we investigated the viscoelastic and mechanical behaviour of polyvinyl alcohol films formulated along with carrageenan, plasticizing agents (polyethylene glycol and glycerol), and when loaded with nanoparticles as a model for potential applications as microbicides. The storage modulus, loss modulus and glass transition temperature were determined using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. Films fabricated from 2% to 5% polyvinyl alcohol containing 3 mg or 5 mg of fluorescently labeled nanoparticles were evaluated. The storage modulus and loss modulus values of blank films were shown to be higher than the nanoparticle-loaded films. Glass transition temperature determined using the storage modulus, and loss modulus was between 40–50℃ and 35–40℃, respectively. The tensile properties evaluated showed that 2% polyvinyl alcohol films were more elastic but less resistant to breaking compared to 5% polyvinyl alcohol films (2% films break around 1 N load and 5% films break around 7 N load). To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the influence of nanoparticle and film composition on the physico-mechanical properties of polymeric films for vaginal drug delivery.Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant (Grant No.: RGPIN-2015-06008) Research Manitoba Operating Grant and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) Leaders Opportunity Fund Leslie F Buggey Professorship Manitoba Graduate Scholarship from the province of Manitob

Designing the Education Workforce

There is rising evidence that traditional ways of teaching are failing to provide adequate learning opportunities and breadth of skills for the 21st century, likely to leave millions of children and young adults behind. The challenge of meeting the demands of each student with vastly different backgrounds and abilities within today’s models of education has limited the capacity of teachers and education systems to provide the personalized learning that students need. A new approach is required. The Education Commission is partnering with select countries, higher education institutions, schools and tech thought leaders to test the applicability and adaptability of “High-Touch High-Tech (HTHT)” learning in diverse contexts. The first pilot - currently in Vietnam - will incrementally expand to other select countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. HTHT learning is an opportunity for new collaborators to become part of a transformative effort to personalize learning for enhanced learner success through the application of Artificial Intelligence. Based on the report, “Transforming the Education Workforce: Learning Teams for a Learning Generation” that the Education Workforce Initiative (EWI) released during 2019 UN General Assembly, we propose new approaches for harnessing the potential of teachers and the broader education workforce to ensure HTHT learning and, more broadly, quality education for all students