378 research outputs found
Nutrition for weight loss in overweight cats
Ăvervikt och fetma Ă€r ett vanligt problem hos tamkatter. Detta pĂ„verkar hĂ€lsotillstĂ„ndet hos djuret
och kan leda till en ökad risk att drabbas av följdsjukdomar samt till en försÀmrad livskvalitet. Det
Àr dÀrför essentiellt att övervikt och fetma behandlas. För att fÄ en sÀker viktnedgÄng Àr det viktigt
att anvÀnda sig av en lÀmplig diet. Det finns olika nutritionella principer för viktminskning hos katt.
Syftet med denna studie var att gÄ igenom litteraturen för tre av dem samt undersöka om och hur
dessa typer av viktminskningsfoder anvÀnds kliniskt i Sverige. Denna kandidatuppsats bestÄr av en
sammanstÀllande litteraturstudie i kombination med en intervjustudie gjord med en
viktminskningsansvarig djurhÀlsopersonal respektive en butiksanstÀlld pÄ tvÄ olika djursjukhus i
Sverige.
De tre viktminskningsfoder som undersöktes i denna studie var traditionellt
viktminskningsfoder, metabolt foder samt vÄtfoder. Dessa fodertyper hade vart och ett vetenskapliga
evidens av olika grad för att ge en framgÄngsrik viktminskning hos överviktiga katter genom olika
verkningsmekanismer. Dock Àr forskningen inom omrÄdet generellt sparsam och fler studier behövs
som behandlar nutrition hos överviktiga katter. Ett traditionellt viktminskningsfoder har fokuserat
pÄ att minska mÀngden kalorier genom ett lÄgt fettinnehÄll och ökat fiber- och/eller proteininnehÄll,
vilket bidrar till en lÀgre energidensitet. Studier visade att genom ett högt proteininnehÄll i
viktminskningsfoder kunde energiutgiften hos överviktiga katter öka om fodret gavs med
energirestriktion. Foder med högt proteininnehÄll kunde ges med lÀgre energirestriktion jÀmfört med
foder med lÄgt proteininnehÄll. Det ökade Àven förlusten av kroppsfett och frÀmjade bevarandet av
fettfri massa hos överviktiga katter som gick ner i vikt.
Till skillnad frÄn traditionellt viktminskningsfoder innehÄller metabolt foder tillsatser av vissa
nÀringsÀmnen, bland annat L-karnitin, i syfte att öka fettförbrÀnningen. Studier visade pÄ en
viktminskning med gott resultat, oavsett om fodret gavs med eller utan energirestriktion, hos
överviktiga katter som Ät ett metabolt foder innehÄllande komponenter som ökade fettförbrÀnningen.
Vissa av dessa studier kan dock möjligen anses jÀviga, respektive var icke publicerade.
VÄtfoder har ett lÄgt innehÄll av kalorier tack vare den mÀngd vÀtska som finns i fodret och kan
ges med eller utan energirestriktion. Vatten som ingrediens i ett foder bidrar till att kaloridensiteten
minskas och fodret vÀger mer utan att mer energi har tillsatts. Flera studier visade att en diet
bestÄende av vÄtfoder eller en kombination av vÄt- och torrfoder ledde till framgÄngsrik
viktminskning, delvis genom en ökad mÀttnadskÀnsla.
I intervjustudien genomfördes tvÄ intervjuer. I intervjuerna framkom det att dessa tre typer av
viktminskningsfoder anvÀnds pÄ djursjukhus i Sverige och ger en viktminskning med gott resultat.
Den ena respondenten upplevde bÀttre viktminskningsresultat vid anvÀndning av traditionellt
viktminskningsfoder jÀmfört med metabolt foder och vÄtfoder. Den andra respondenten upplevde
inte nÄgon skillnad i resultat mellan de tre fodren. Intervjustudien fÄr ses som exempel frÄn klinisk
verksamhet och Àr ej representerbar för alla djursdjukhus i Sverige. För att kunna dra slutsatser om
alla djursjukhus i Sverige behövs ett större urval.
Det finns för- och nackdelar med de olika fodren, men alla har vetenskapliga evidens och bidrar
till viktminskning med gott resultat. Det gÄr ej att konkludera vilken nutritionell
viktminskningsprincip som fungerar bÀst för alla katter utan val av viktminskningsfoder fÄr ses som
individuellt och anpassas efter djurÀgaren och katten för att fÄ ett lyckat viktminskningsresultat.It is common that pet cats are overweight or obese which may lead to a decreased quality of life and
an increased risk of secondary diseases. Therefore, it is essential that overweight and obesity is
treated. It is important to use a suitable diet when losing weight to ensure a safe and healthy weight
loss. Different nutritional regimens can be used in feline weight-loss management. The aim of this
study was to evaluate three different nutritional regimens and investigate how those weight-loss
diets were used in clinical environments in Sweden. This bachelorâs thesis is a combined literatureand interview study, where an animal healthcare professional and a store employee at two animal
hospitals in Sweden were interviewed.
This study reviewed three different weight-loss diets; traditional weight-loss diets, metabolic
diets and wet or canned food. The different diets all contributed to successful weight loss through
separate mechanisms and withheld scientific evidence in varying degrees for its effectiveness.
Research on nutrition for feline weight loss is scarce and additional research is required. A
traditional weight-loss diet aims for a lower energy density, by reducing fat content while increasing
fiber- or protein content. Studies showed that by increasing proteins in a diet, the energy expenditure
increased in overweight cats when the diet was given with an energy restriction. Diets with high
protein levels could be given with a lower energy restriction compared to diets low in proteins.
Furthermore, a diet with high levels of protein increased the loss of adipose tissue in overweight
cats while lean body mass was preserved.
In contrast to traditional weight-loss diets, metabolic diets consist of nutritional additives, such
as L-carnitine, that aim to increase fat oxidation. Studies showed successful weight loss with those
diets, regardless if the diet was given with or without energy restriction. However, some of those
studies may be considered biased or were unpublished.
Wet or canned food has, due to the amount of added water, a low-calorie content and can be
given with or without energy restriction. Water lowers the calorie density and the food increases in
weight without increasing in energy content. Several studies showed that both wet-food diets and
combined wet- and dry-food diets led to successful weight loss, partly because of an increased
satiation.
Two interviews were conducted in the interview study. The interviews revealed that these three
types of weight loss diets are used in animal hospitals in Sweden and give a weight loss with good
results. One respondent experienced better weight loss results when using a traditional weight loss
diet compared to metabolic diet and wet food. The second respondent did not experience any
difference in results between the three diets. The interview study can be seen as an example from
clinical activities and is not representative of all animal hospitals in Sweden. In order to be able to
draw conclusions about all animal hospitals in Sweden, a larger selection is needed.
The different diets regimens come with both pros and cons but had all scientific evidence and
successfully contribute to weight loss. It is not possible to conclude which nutritional weight-loss
regimen that is the best for all cats, and the choice of a weight-loss diet should be seen as an
individual decision that should be adapted to the owner and the cat to achieve a successful weight
loss
Exploring the competition between variable renewable electricity and a carbon-neutral baseload technology
In this paper we explore the competition between variable renewable energy sources (VRE) and a carbon-neutral baseload technology in the transition to a low-carbon power system. We study a stylized system subject to a gradually increasing carbon tax using an agent-based model where agents are power companies investing in new capacity. The agents make predictions of the profitability of different investment options. Five electricity generating technologies are available in the model: coal, gas, wind, solar PV and a more expensive carbon-neutral baseload technology. We compare the output from our model with a corresponding optimization model. We present two main findings: (1)\ua0installed capacity of VRE initially increases with a carbon tax. However, once the carbon tax has reached a certain level the installed capacity of VRE starts to decline due to competition with the stylized carbon-neutral baseload technology. (2)\ua0With limited foresight we find that the model underinvests (first 25 years) in wind and then overinvests in wind compared to the optimal solution. The reasons for these dynamic phenomena are explained and an extensive sensitivity analysis is carried out
Vad försöker du sÀga? En studie om tolkningsutrymmet Emojis ger i SMS-kommunikation
Att beskriva kÀnslor med hjÀlp av text Àr ett av basbehoven som finns hos varje individ. VÄra förÀldrar har uttryckt dem i brev och dagböcker vilket till följd av Internets framfart har utvecklats till email, chatt och SMS. Symboler har funnits och anvÀnts lÄngt innan den textuella kommunikationen och i takt med att samhÀllet moderniseras har symbolanvÀndning nu nÄtt dagens digitala kanaler. Denna studie Àmnar dÀrmed undersöka huruvida ikoniserat sprÄk har kommit att förÀndra digital kommunikation, med fokus pÄ Emoji-anvÀndning i SMS-kommunikation. MÄnga forskare menar att symbolanvÀndande i SMS bidrar till en positiv utveckling av sprÄket och att vi med hjÀlp av Emojis lÀttare kan uttrycka vad vi egentligen kÀnner. Andra menar att sprÄket istÀllet hÀmmas och att risken för feltolkningar enkelt kan uppstÄ. Studien visade pÄ en skillnad i tolkningsutrymmen mellan olika Äldersgrupper vilket kan bero pÄ att Äldersgrupperna anvÀndarvana kring fenomenet skiljer sig Ät. Vi fann Àven att anvÀndandet av symboler inte enbart anvÀnds för att det Àr kul eller man enkelt kan förmedla kÀnslor med hjÀlp av dem. Symbolerna anvÀnds ocksÄ pÄ grund av lathet, tvÄng eller för att dölja den faktiska kÀnslan som mottagaren har.Describing feelings with the help of text is one of the basic requirements contained in each individual. Our parents have expressed them in letters and diaries, and as a result of the Internet's rampage this has developed to email, chat and SMS. Symbols have existed and been used long before the textual communication, and as society modernizes the symbolic use has now reached today's digital channels. This study intends therefore to examine whether iconized language has come to change the digital communication, with a focus on Emoji use in text message-communication. Many researchers believe that the use of symbols in text messages contributes to a positive development of the language and that with the help of Emojis makes it easier to express what we really feel. Others believe that symbols rather inhibit language and that the risk of misinterpretation can easily occur. The study showed a difference in interpretation spaces between the different age groups, which may be due to different user habits. We also found that the use of symbols not only are used for fun or that one uses them to easily convey their emotions through them. The symbols are also used because of laziness, coercion, or to hide the actual feeling that the recipient has
"LÄt alla folk vara herrar i sina egna hus" - En analys av Sverigedemokraternas kÀrnideologiska förÀndring 2005-2018
2007 publicerade statsvetaren Cas Mudde en bok dÀr han definierade partifamiljen benÀmnd populistiskt högerradikala pÄ basis av tre kÀrnideologiska kÀnnetecken: nativism, auktoritarianism och populism. I boken klassificerades Sverigedemokraterna som tillhörande denna partifamilj. Genom analys av Sverigedemokraternas officiella partimaterial efter 2007 har vi undersökt om partiet har genomgÄtt förÀndringar betrÀffande Muddes kÀrnideologiska klassificeringsgrunder och om Sverigedemokraterna fortsatt kan klassificeras som populistiskt högerradikala. VÄrt slutresultat visar att det inte har skett nÄgon fundamental förÀndring i Sverigedemokraternas kÀrnideologi och att de dÀrmed fortsatt Àr populistiskt högerradikala utifrÄn Muddes definition
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Herd-level prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in Swedish dairy herds determined by antibody ELISA and PCR on bulk tank milk and herd characteristics associated with seropositivity
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