Just In Time: defining historical chronographics

The paper is historical in two respects, both concerned with visual representations of past time. Its first purpose is to enquire how visual representations of historical time can be used to bring out patterns in a museum collection. A case study is presented of the visualisation of data with sufficient subtlety to be useful to historians and curators. Such a visual analytics approach raises questions about the proper representation of time and of objects and events within it. It is argued that such chronographics can support both an externalised, objectivising point of view from ‘outside’ time and one which is immersive and gives a sense of the historic moment. These modes are set in their own historical context through original historical research, highlighting the shift to an Enlightenment view of time as a uniform container for events. This in turn prompts new ways of thinking about chronological visualisation, in particular the separation of the ‘ideal’ image of time from contingent, temporary rendered views

The Influence of Personality on the Experiences of Child Molesters: A Phenomenological Study

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe different personality traits and pathologies that are common to each of the two identified types of child molester, report how personality played a part in the offense committed, and describe the results from the offender’s point of view. The history of personality traits and disorders is discussed; this information can be useful in the identification of sexual preferences involving those who abuse children. The study involved eight convicted child molesters in the state of Alabama. The participants were grouped into subtype based on self-report measures and public records. Costa and McCrae’s (1995) five-factor model of personality is a globally accepted description of personality traits and was used to guide this study. A scale of the subjects’ perceived personality traits and interview questions were administered to obtain the participants’ opinions about how their personality traits influenced their act of sexually offending against a child . The results found that the participants perceived the positive aspects of their personality traits more readily than the negative. The participants also showed a lack of congruence between the perception of their personality traits and expressed thoughts and behaviors. The participants as a group felt that their personality traits had little influence on their actions of sexually abusing a child. The participants expressed some common attitudes towards their victims and common justifications for their actions. Implications for further research include further personality testing for the different types of child molesters, prevention efforts and treatment efforts are discussed as well

Combination of geodetic observations and models for glacial isostatic adjustment fields in Fennoscandia

We demonstrate a new technique for using geodetic data to update a priori predictions for Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) in the Fennoscandia region. Global Positioning System (GPS), tide gauge, and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity rates are assimilated into our model. The technique allows us to investigate the individual contributions from these data sets to the output GIA model in a self-consistent manner. Another benefit of the technique is that we are able to estimate uncertainties for the output model. These are reduced with each data set assimilated. Any uncertainties in the GPS reference frame are absorbed by reference frame adjustments that are estimated as part of the assimilation. Our updated model shows a spatial pattern and magnitude of peak uplift that is consistent with previous models, but our location of peak uplift is slightly to the east of many of these. We also simultaneously estimate a spatially averaged rate of local sea level rise. This regional rate (similar to 1.5 mm/yr) is consistent for all solutions, regardless of which data sets are assimilated or the magnitude of a priori GPS reference frame constraints. However, this is only the case if a uniform regional gravity rate, probably representing errors in, or unmodeled contributions to, the low-degree harmonic terms from GRACE, is also estimated for the assimilated GRACE data. Our estimated sea level rate is consistent with estimates obtained using a more traditional approach of direct "correction" using collocated GPS and tide gauge site

The proteomic landscape of microglia in health and disease

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and as such play crucial roles in regulating brain homeostasis. Their presence in neurodegenerative diseases is known, with neurodegeneration-associated risk genes heavily expressed in microglia, highlighting their importance in contributing to disease pathogenesis. Transcriptomics studies have uncovered the heterogeneous landscape of microglia in health and disease, identifying important disease-associated signatures such as DAM, and insight into both the regional and temporal diversity of microglia phenotypes. Quantitative mass spectrometry methods are ever increasing in the field of neurodegeneration, utilised as ways to identify disease biomarkers and to gain deeper understanding of disease pathology. Proteins are the main mechanistic indicators of cellular function, yet discordance between transcript and proteomic findings has highlighted the need for in-depth proteomic phenotypic and functional analysis to fully understand disease kinetics at the cellular and molecular level. This review details the current progress of using proteomics to define microglia biology, the relationship between gene and protein expression in microglia, and the future of proteomics and emerging methods aiming to resolve heterogeneous cell landscapes

The Multiple Meanings of Rock Music During the Vietnam War

Undergraduate Textual or Investigativ

Role of home visiting in improving parenting and health in families at risk of abuse and neglect : results of a multicentre randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation

Objectives – To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intensive home visiting programme in improving outcomes for vulnerable families. Design – Multicentre randomised controlled trial in which eligible women were allocated to receive home visiting (n=67) or standard services (n=64). Incremental cost analysis. Setting – 40 GP practices across two counties in the UK Participants – 131 vulnerable pregnant women. Intervention: Selected health visitors were trained in the Family Partnership Model to provide a weekly home visiting service from 6-months antenatally to 12 months postnatally. Main outcome measures – mother-child interaction, maternal psychological health attitudes and behaviour, infant functioning and development, and risk of neglect or abuse. Results – At 12-months differences favouring the home visited group were observed on an independent assessment of maternal sensitivity (p<0.04) and infant cooperativeness (p<0.02). No differences were identified on any other measures. There was a non-significant increase in the likelihood of intervention group infants being the subject of child protection proceedings, or being removed from the home, and one death in the control group. The mean incremental cost per infant of the home visiting intervention was £3,246 (bootstrapped 95% confidence interval for the difference: £1,645 - £4,803). Conclusion – This intervention may have the potential to improve parenting and increase the identification of infants at risk of abuse and neglect in vulnerable families. Further investigation is needed together with long term follow up to assess possible sleeper effects

Género, reclutamiento y protección: la guerra en Siria

Las constantes batallas en las que se ven envueltos los hombres que continúan dentro de Siria y los obstáculos a los que se enfrentan quienes deciden abandonar la lucha y huir del país dan fe de la necesidad de redefinir la concepción clásica de vulnerabilidad y de considerar que los civiles de sexo masculino y sus necesidades son parte de la solución más que del problema

Parents’ perspectives and experiences of parenting and caring for young children on a low income in the North East Scotland.

Background: Families with young children, and lone parent families in particular, are at greater risk of poverty and food insecurity, compared to other UK population groups. Tackling child poverty has been a key Scottish Government policy since the introduction of the Child Poverty Act (2017) in which local authorities and health boards are required to report on their Local Child Poverty Action Plans. In north east Scotland little formal research had focused on the lived experiences of parents and parents of infants and young children in relation to the challenges they face parenting on very low incomes, and, on questions about income maximisation strategies to alleviate child poverty. This paper focuses on some key findings of a study undertaken to address this knowledge gap in Grampian in 2020. Methods: Parents with young children supported by an Aberdeen City-based poverty alleviation social enterprise were invited to take part in an interview study. One-to-one semi-structured telephone interviews lasting between 30–40 minutes took place during July and August 2020. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. Results: Ten women took part; two participants lived with partners. Eight participants were unemployed and two worked part-time. Each had between one and five child(ren), and all had one child under school-age. Five key impact themes emerged, i. limited participation in paid employment; ii. insufficient social security income; iii. household food insecurity experiences; iv. practical and emotional challenges and anxiety associated with their children’s overall development; and v. anxieties related to treats and special occasions. Four coping strategy themes were also revealed, i.e. i. budgeting and bill prioritisation; ii. self-sacrifice; iii. relying on others, and iv. keeping up appearances. Food coping strategies were explored in more depth, and two broad themes emerged: acquisition methods and management techniques. Discussion: Parents with young children experience significant barriers accessing paid employment due to caring responsibilities. Consequently, generating sufficient household income from alternate income sources, such as social security, is problematic. Parents reported devoting significant emotional and physical energy to dealing with the challenges of raising children in poverty, and it was notable that participants employed a range of sophisticated coping strategies and skill to make ends meet and maximise food resources, within highly constrained budgets. This research challenges notions that budgeting education initiatives have much to offer low income parents already well-versed on this issue. Strategies to increase their incomes seem a more effective way of alleviating their related anxieties

Low income parents’ perspectives and experiences of engaging with early years health professionals about financial challenges and income maximisation.

Background: Since the introduction of the Child Poverty Act (2017) in Scotland, all health visitors, midwives and family nurses in Scotland are expected to screen and offer a financial advice referral to at-risk pregnant women and parents/carers of families with children under five in Scotland. The so-called ‘Financial Inclusion Pathway’(FIP) emerged in 2019 as one of a number of strategies intended to tackle child poverty. At this early implementation stage, little is known about parents’ perspectives about the acceptability or impact of this initiative in relation to its aim. Methods: In 2020, low income parents with young children living in Aberdeen City were invited to take part in a qualitative study that aimed to determine any challenges they might face engaging with the FIP policy in practice, and their perspectives about financial discussions with professionals that could help to increase household incomes through this approach. One-to-one semi-structured telephone interviews lasting between 30–40 minutes took place during July and August 2020. Interviews were fully transcribed and thematically analysed. Results: Ten women, ranging from ages 20–41 years. Each participant had between one and five child(ren), ranging in age from 2 to 18 years and all had one child under school-age. All lived in multiply deprived postcode areas within Aberdeen City. Three main themes emerged: i. difficulties associated with discussing financial concerns; ii. how to talk about the issue; iii. intervention utility. Within each of these three main themes, nine-sub themes were apparent, ranging from those indicating potential unintended negative consequences, as well as intervention benefits. Discussion: Most participants considered health visitors to be a potentially good source of help about financial challenges; they were less clear about midwives’ role here. However, parents’ perceptions of the problems they may face associated with disclosing financial difficulties to health professionals, is a distinct barrier to conversations that could lead to a financial advice referral. Given the levels of unclaimed benefit in the UK, this is important to note. Establishing trust and rapport, careful and sensitive enquiry, and positive framing of financial maximisation were recommended to aid discussion of financial challenges. These findings are important given the current and predicted economic impact of the COVID-19. The study is limited by its sample size and recruitment site, but provides valuable insights to inform a larger scale investigation. The study also indicates the importance of understanding health professionals’ associated views and experiences