Bewegung, Körpergewicht und Aspekte des Wohlbefindens im Jugendalter

Finne E. Bewegung, Körpergewicht und Aspekte des Wohlbefindens im Jugendalter. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld; 2014.Hintergrund: Im Jugendalter ereignen sich vielfältige körperliche, psychische und soziale Veränderungen. Gleichzeitig steigt das Risiko für Bewegungsmangel wie auch Übergewicht sowie ein geringes Wohlbefinden an. Bewegung und Übergewicht scheinen mit Aspekten des Wohlbefindens assoziiert und zeigen in einigen Studien Zusammenhänge mit körperlichen Reifungsprozessen im Jugendalter. Dabei ist das komplexe Zusammenspiel von chronologischem Alter, körperlicher Reifung, Bewegung, Körpergewicht und Aspekten des Wohlbefindens jedoch noch wenig geklärt. Insbesondere existieren kaum Studien aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum, und die Zielgruppe der leicht übergewichtigen Jugendlichen wurde selten untersucht. Fragestellung und Methode: Anhand der internationalen Studienlage wird ein hypothetisches Modell zum Zusammenwirken von Bewegung, körperlicher Reife, Körpergewicht und Wohlbefindensaspekten im Jugendalter formuliert, aus dem sich die in den fünf einbezogenen Publikationen untersuchten spezifischen Fragestellungen ableiten. Datengrundlage bilden eine Sekundäranalyse der repräsentativen Stichprobe 11- bis 17-Jähriger aus der Basiserhebung des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS) des RKI sowie eine Stichprobe leicht überge-wichtiger Kinder und Jugendlicher, die an der Interventionsstudie „Obeldicks light“ teilnahmen. Verbindendes Element der unterschiedlichen Analysen ist die Betrachtung des Wohlbefindens. Hier werden die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität als recht globales Konstrukt sowie die Gewichtszufriedenheit als spezifischer Wohlbefindensaspekt in ihren Zusammenhängen untereinander sowie zur Bewegung und dem Körpergewicht und der Teilnahme an der Obeldicks-light-Schulung zur Gewichtsreduktion untersucht. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt ließen sich sowohl Bewegung als auch Gewichtszufriedenheit im Querschnitt als potenzielle Ressourcen für eine hohe Lebensqualität bestätigen, wohingegen das Körpergewicht nicht direkt, sondern nur über die eng assoziierte Gewichtszufriedenheit mit dieser zusammenhing. Ein positives Körperbild erwies sich wiederum als Ressource für regelmäßige Bewegung, nicht aber als Hinderungsgrund für die Behandlungsmotivation leicht übergewichtiger Jugendlicher. Es hing zudem mit der pubertären Reifung zusammen, die selbst aber weit weniger entscheidend für das Bewegungsausmaß schien. Als ein übergreifendes Ergebnis lässt sich damit die zentrale Bedeutung des Körperbildes festhalten. Die Gewichtszufriedenheit deutete sich als wichtiger potenzieller Einfluss auf Bewegung und Lebensqualität an, der gleichzeitig deutlich mit dem Gewichtsstatus zusammenhing. Sie erklärte zudem vollständig die beobachtete geringere Lebensqualität übergewichtiger Jugendlicher. Schlussfolgerungen: Auch wenn sich aus den eigenen Analysen keine kausalen Schlüsse ziehen lassen, lässt sich aus der zentralen Rolle des Körperbilds im Zusammenhang mit Bewegung und Körpergewicht ableiten, dass die Förderung eines positiven Körperbildes im Jugendalter ein vordringliches Thema der Prävention sein sollte. Interventionen in diesem Bereich zeigen einige Parallelelen zu Präventionsprogrammen gegen Übergewicht. Da letzteres häufig mit Körperbildproblemen einhergeht, bietet sich eine Integration beider Präventionansätze an. Die Förderung ausreichender Bewegung stellt eine wichtige Komponente solcher Programme dar, hat aber auch unabhängig davon aufgrund der vielfältigen positiven Effekte auf Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden sowie dem zu beobachtenden Bewegungsrückgang im Jugendalter eine Berechtigung

Age, puberty, body dissatisfaction, and physical activity decline in adolescents. Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (KiGGS)

Finne E, Bucksch J, Lampert T, Kolip P. Age, puberty, body dissatisfaction, and physical activity decline in adolescents. Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (KiGGS). International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2011;8(1): 119.Background: Physical activity (PA) shows a marked decline during adolescence. Some studies have pointed to pubertal status or timing as possible PA determinants in this age group. Furthermore, it was supposed that the impact of pubertal changes on PA might be mediated by psychological variables like body dissatisfaction (BDS). Methods: The 11- to 17-year-old subsample of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (KiGGS) was used (n = 6 813; 51.3% male, response rate = 66.6%). Through sex-specific sequential multinomial logistic regressions we analysed the univariate and independent associations of chronological age, absolute pubertal status, relative pubertal timing, and BDS with the frequency of PA. Results: Chronological age showed a significantly negative association with PA in both sexes, independent of puberty. The odds of inactivity in contrast to nearly daily PA increased about 70% in boys and 35% in girls for each year of age, respectively. Adjusted for age and other possible confounders, inactivity was significantly less likely for boys in late pubertal stages (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.09-0.78). The risk of inactivity was more than doubled in boys maturing earlier than peers in terms of relative pubertal timing (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.36-3.56). No clear significant puberty effects were found in girls, but the inactivity was more likely for those with irregular menstruation (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.06-2.75). BDS also contributed to the prediction of PA in both sexes. It partially mediated puberty effects in boys but not in girls. Conclusions: Overall, chronological age was a far more important predictor of PA in German adolescents than absolute pubertal status or relative pubertal timing. Further possible explanatory variables like sociocultural influences, social support or increasing time requirements for education should be analysed in conjunction with chronological age in future studies

Examining the role of affective states in relation to exercise intentions and participation in extra-curricular exercise classes at university: A repeated measurement observational study

Background: Previous research has shown evidence on the role of affective states for physical activity behavior. However, there is a lack of research investigating the interplay between affective states, intentions, and exercise behavior, especially with respect to maintaining regular exercise over time. The study aimed to investigate whether post-exercise affective states and changes in affect during exercise (i) are related to exercise intentions; (ii) moderate the relationship between intention and subsequent exercise behavior, and (iii) directly predict future exercise. Methods: Participants from weekly voluntary sports and gym classes at two universities were recruited. For 13 weeks, 268 individuals’ (Mage = 24.5 years, SD = 5.6, 90% students, 67.4% female) class attendance was documented on a weekly basis. Before and immediately after training, participants self-reported affective states, including affective valence (Feeling Scale) and perceived arousal (Felt Arousal Scale). Participants also reported their intention to re attend the class the following week. Mixed-effect linear models and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the relationships between affective states, change in affective states, re-attendance intentions, and class re-attention. Results: Affective valence at the end of training was significantly positively associated with the intention to re-attend the class on the within-person level (β = 0.880, p < 0.001) as well as the between-person level (β = 0.831, p < 0.001), while higher increases of valence during class were related to smaller intention. For class re-attendance, significant effects of affective states were only found on the within-person level. A one-point increase on the valence scale increased the hazard ratio to re-attend by 8.4% (p < 0.05), but this effect was no longer meaningful after adjusting for intention. No moderation of the relationship between intention and subsequent class re-attendance was found. Conclusion: The results suggest that positive affective state immediately after exercise does not facilitate translation of intentions into subsequent exercise behavior (i.e., do not close the intention-behavior gap). Rather, affective valence was found to be an important predictor of exercise intentions but seemed indirectly related to behavior via intentions. Practitioners should plan exercise programs that allow for positive affective states especially at the end of a training

Antecedents and Consequences of Outward Emotional Reactions in Table Tennis

Fritsch J, Finne E, Jekauc D, Zerdila D, Elbe A-M, Hatzigeorgiadis A. Antecedents and Consequences of Outward Emotional Reactions in Table Tennis . Frontiers in Psychology. 2020;11: 578159.The purpose of the present study was to shed light on the behavioral component of emotions by investigating antecedents and consequences of outward emotional reactions during table tennis competitions. With regards to the antecedents of outward emotional reactions, in line with appraisal theories, we considered the importance and the controllability of the situation as two important constructs. Fifteen table tennis matches, involving in total 21 players (7 females) with a mean age of 16.71 (SD = 0.70), were video recorded during the finals of the youth National Championship in Greece. Based on the footage, outward emotional reactions after every point were classified as neutral, positive, or negative. Situational factors in relation to the scoring system, bearing the importance and the controllability of the situation, were formed to assess antecedents of outward emotional reactions. To measure the consequences of outward emotional reactions, the impact on the outcome of the next point was assessed. Generalized linear models with a logit link were computed separately for positive outward emotional reactions after having won a point and negative outward emotional reactions after having lost a point. In general, the results show that while situational factors bearing the importance of the situation could predict positive and negative outward emotional reactions, the effects of situational factors bearing the controllability of the situation were less conclusive. In addition, the results also showed interactive effects between the two constructs for both positive and negative outward emotional reactions. With regard to the consequences of outward emotional reactions, negative and positive outward emotional reactions could not predict the outcome of the next point. To conclude, this study highlights the behavioral component of emotions as a viable alternative to enhance our understanding of the role of emotions in sport

Behavior Change Techniques for increasing Physical Activity in Cancer Survivors. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Finne E, Glausch M, Exner AK, Sauzet O, Stoelzel F, Seidel N. Behavior Change Techniques for increasing Physical Activity in Cancer Survivors. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Cancer Management and Research. 2018;10:5125–5143

Physical activity and dietary habits of older children and adolescents in Germany – Cross-sectional results of the 2017/18 HBSC study and trends

Numerous findings are known to exist between dietary habits, physical activity, and child and adolescent health. Here, we will use data from the most recent Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study to describe dietary habits and patterns of physical activity. Using the survey data for 11-, 13- and 15-year-old students from across Germany, we report findings for key indicators of diet and physical activity for the 2017/18 cycle. By comparing these findings with data from the 2009/10 and 2013/14 survey cycles, we also consider current trends. Results from the most recent cycle show that 10.0% of girls and 16.9% of boys meet the World Health Organization’s (WHO) physical activity recommendations. Across all HBSC cycles, this is the lowest figure so far. Concerning dietary habits, 50.6% of girls and 59.0% of boys reported having breakfast every morning. Data for daily fruit, vegetable and soft drink consumption emphasises the need to promote a healthy diet among adolescents. For all indicators of physical activity and diet, differences between girls and boys are apparent. Girls’ intake of fruit and vegetables is higher and they consume fewer soft drinks, yet boys are more physically active and have breakfast more regularly. For the majority of indicators of dietary habits and physical activity, considerable inequalities relating to family affluence are observed. An important implication of the study results for dietary habits and physical activity of older children and adolescents is the need to foster settings-based approaches to promote physical activity and a healthy diet that integrate a gender-sensitive perspective

Individual and school level correlates of moderate to vigorous physical activity among school-children in Germany - a multi-level analysis

Czerwinski F, Finne E, Kolip P, Bucksch J. Individual and school level correlates of moderate to vigorous physical activity among school-children in Germany - a multi-level analysis. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1): 393.Background Young people spend half of their days in school, but evidence concerning the influence of school environment on the physical activity (PA) of pupils is still inconsistent. A better understanding of potential correlates of PA on the school-level and their possible interaction with individual aspects is needed to improve the development of more effective interventions. Methods We used data from the 2009/10 German Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC)-sample (n=5,005 students aged 11–15 years) including self-reported moderate to vigorous intensity PA as well as a variety of biological, demographic and behavioral correlates and matched them with school-level data from the national school principals’ HBSC questionnaire. We analyzed the associations of individual- and school-level correlates with MVPA by gender-specific multi-level regression. Results Only a small share of the overall variation in student’s PA was attributable to the school-level. Consequently, the associations of individual-level correlates with PA were stronger than those of the school-level. Our analysis revealed significant associations of individual-level (i.e. age, consumption of softdrinks, overweight) as well as school-level correlates (i.e. the availability of a football ground and a swimming pool) with MVPA. We also observed some gender-specific findings especially for the school level correlates. Cross-level interactions between individual- and school-level were not apparent. Conclusions Our findings indicate the usefulness of applying an ecological framework to understand and explain complex health behaviors like PA. As we found gender-specific association it might be important to acknowledge that boys and girls have specific needs to be more physically active. Further research should also take other features/elements of the school environment and neighborhood as well as socio-cognitive correlates into account to advance the field

The 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study – Methodology of the World Health Organization’s child and adolescent health study

The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study is an international research project in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) for over 35 years. HBSC is the largest study on child and adolescent health and one of the most important sources of data for the WHO’s international comparative health monitoring. Every four years, data on the health and health behaviour of students aged 11, 13 and 15, as well as the social contexts and conditions for growing up healthy, are collected. A total of 50 countries belong to the HBSC network, with 45 countries taking part in the 2017/18 survey. Germany has contributed to the HBSC surveys since 1993/94. For the most recent 2017/18 cycle, students at 146 schools in Germany were interviewed (response rate of schools: 15.6%). A net sample of n = 4,347 girls and boys was achieved for Germany (response rate: 52.7%). Participation was voluntary and the survey was conducted in German school years five, seven and nine (corresponding to ages 11, 13 and 15). A weighting procedure was applied to allow for representative findings on the health of children and adolescents in Germany. HBSC offers a valuable contribution to health monitoring and provides numerous starting points to identify needs, risk groups and fields of action to initiate targeted and actual needs-based measures of prevention and health promotion in the school setting

The Effect of Human Factor H on Immunogenicity of Meningococcal Native Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccines with Over-Expressed Factor H Binding Protein

The binding of human complement inhibitors to vaccine antigens in vivo could diminish their immunogenicity. A meningococcal ligand for the complement down-regulator, factor H (fH), is fH-binding protein (fHbp), which is specific for human fH. Vaccines containing recombinant fHbp or native outer membrane vesicles (NOMV) from mutant strains with over-expressed fHbp are in clinical development. In a previous study in transgenic mice, the presence of human fH impaired the immunogenicity of a recombinant fHbp vaccine. In the present study, we prepared two NOMV vaccines from mutant group B strains with over-expressed wild-type fHbp or an R41S mutant fHbp with no detectable fH binding. In wild-type mice in which mouse fH did not bind to fHbp in either vaccine, the NOMV vaccine with wild-type fHbp elicited 2-fold higher serum IgG anti-fHbp titers (P = 0.001) and 4-fold higher complement-mediated bactericidal titers against a PorA-heterologous strain than the NOMV with the mutant fHbp (P = 0.003). By adsorption, the bactericidal antibodies were shown to be directed at fHbp. In transgenic mice in which human fH bound to the wild-type fHbp but not to the R41S fHbp, the NOMV vaccine with the mutant fHbp elicited 5-fold higher serum IgG anti-fHbp titers (P = 0.002), and 19-fold higher bactericidal titers than the NOMV vaccine with wild-type fHbp (P = 0.001). Thus, in mice that differed only by the presence of human fH, the respective results with the two vaccines were opposite. The enhanced bactericidal activity elicited by the mutant fHbp vaccine in the presence of human fH far outweighed the loss of immunogenicity of the mutant protein in wild-type animals. Engineering fHbp not to bind to its cognate complement inhibitor, therefore, may increase vaccine immunogenicity in humans