Activation of PPARs α, β/δ, and γ Impairs TGF-β1-Induced Collagens' Production and Modulates the TIMP-1/MMPs Balance in Three-Dimensional Cultured Chondrocytes

Background and Purpose. We investigated the potency of Peroxisome Proliferators-Activated Receptors (PPARs) α, β/δ, and γ agonists to modulate Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1-) induced collagen production or changes in Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase- (TIMP-) 1/Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) balance in rat chondrocytes embedded in alginate beads. Experimental Approach. Collagen production was evaluated by quantitative Sirius red staining, while TIMP-1 protein levels and global MMP (-1, -2, -3, -7, and -9) or specific MMP-13 activities were measured by ELISA and fluorigenic assays in culture media, respectively. Levels of mRNA for type II collagen, TIMP-1, and MMP-3 & 13 were quantified by real-time PCR. Key Results. TGF-β1 increased collagen deposition and type II collagen mRNA levels, while inducing TIMP-1 mRNA and protein expression. In contrast, it decreased global MMP or specific MMP-13 activities, while decreasing MMP-3 or MMP-13 mRNA levels. PPAR agonists reduced most of the effects of TGF-β1 on changes in collagen metabolism and TIMP-1/MMP balance in rat in a PPAR-dependent manner, excepted for Wy14643 on MMP activities. Conclusions and Implications. PPAR agonists reduce TGF-β1-modulated ECM turnover and inhibit chondrocyte activities crucial for collagen biosynthesis, and display a different inhibitory profile depending on selectivity for PPAR isotypes

Heterozygous deletion of the Williams-Beuren syndrome critical interval in mice recapitulates most features of the human disorder

Williams-Beuren syndrome is a developmental multisystemic disorder caused by a recurrent 1.55-1.83 Mb heterozygous deletion on human chromosome band 7q11.23. Through chromosomal engineering with the cre-loxP system, we have generated mice with an almost complete deletion (CD) of the conserved syntenic region on chromosome 5G2. Heterozygous CD mice were viable, fertile and had a normal lifespan, while homozygotes were early embryonic lethal. Transcript levels of most deleted genes were reduced 50% in several tissues, consistent with gene dosage. Heterozygous mutant mice showed postnatal growth delay with reduced body weight and craniofacial abnormalities such as small mandible. The cardiovascular phenotype was only manifested with borderline hypertension, mildly increased arterial wall thickness and cardiac hypertrophy. The neurobehavioral phenotype revealed impairments in motor coordination, increased startle response to acoustic stimuli and hypersociability. Mutant mice showed a general reduction in brain weight. Cellular and histological abnormalities were present in the amygdala, cortex and hippocampus, including increased proportion of immature neurons. In summary, these mice recapitulate most crucial phenotypes of the human disorder, provide novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease such as the neural substrates of the behavioral manifestations, and will be valuable to evaluate novel therapeutic approaches.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Ecomomy and Competitivity to V.C. (grant SAF2012-40036) and to L.P.J. (FIS PM002512 and SAF2004-06382), the European AnEuploidy project to L.P.J., M.D. and Y.H. The Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) Fellowship supported M.S-P. and C.B

Effects of adenosine on metalloproteinase-9 : Involvement in ventricular remodeling

Le remodelage maladaptif du ventricule gauche (VG) peut conduire au développement d’une insuffisance cardiaque (IC) après un infarctus du myocarde (IM). Il est lié à l’activité de la métalloprotéinase matricielle (MMP)-9. L'adénosine (Ado) est connue pour ses propriétés cardioprotectrices, toutefois son rôle dans le remodelage du VG est mal défini. Notre hypothèse est que l’Ado pourrait avoir un effet sur la MMP-9. Après IM, 2 vagues de cellules inflammatoires infiltrent séquentiellement le cœur : les neutrophiles puis les monocytes-macrophages. Nous avons montré que l’Ado inhibe la sécrétion de MMP-9 par les neutrophiles primaires humains activés via la stimulation du récepteur à l’adénosine A2a. Nous avons ensuite utilisé des monocytes primaires humains différenciés en macrophages in vitro. Contrairement aux résultats obtenus avec les neutrophiles, l'Ado augmente la sécrétion de MMP-9 par les macrophages. Cette augmentation semble passer via le récepteur à l’adénosine A3. Nos résultats suggèrent également que l’Ado améliore la capacité migratoire des monocytes via la stimulation de l'activité MMP-9. Enfin, des expériences préliminaires semblent indiquer que l’Ado inhiberait l’apoptose des monocytes primaires humains. Ces travaux ont contribué à la caractérisation des effets de l’Ado sur certains processus clefs dans le remodelage du VG, notamment la dégradation de la matrice extracellulaire et l’apoptose des cellules inflammatoires. Ils mettent en exergue la notion de fenêtre thérapeutique temporelle et pourraient avoir d’importantes implications lors de stratégies thérapeutiques utilisant l’Ado et/ou ses récepteurs dans le traitement de l'IM et la prévention de l’IC.Maladaptive remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) is a leading cause of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI). It is associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Although adenosine (Ado) is known to have cardioprotective properties, its role in LV remodeling is still unclear. We hypothesized that Ado could be involved in the regulation of MMP-9. Two waves of inflammatory cells successively infiltrate the heart after MI: first neutrophils then monocytes-macrophages. On the one hand, we have shown that Ado inhibits the secretion of MMP-9 by activated primary human neutrophils. This effect is mediated by the activation of the adenosine-A2a receptor. On the other hand, we cultured human primary macrophages differentiated in vitro from blood monocytes. In sharp contrast to our previous observations with neutrophils, we have shown that Ado enhanced MMP-9 secretion by macrophages. This increase is probably mediated by the adenosine-A3 receptor. We have also shown that Ado improves monocytes migratory capacity and that this effect seems to be consecutive to the stimulation of MMP-9 activity. Finally, preliminary experiments suggest that Ado could have an anti-apoptotic effect on human primary monocytes. These observations thus contributed to the characterization of the effects of Ado on some key processes involved in LV remodeling, including extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory cells apoptosis. They bring arguments for a paradigm of temporal therapeutic window and could have important implications for therapeutic strategies using Ado and/or its receptors in the treatment of MI and in the prevention of HF

Etude des effets de l'adénosine sur la métalloprotéinase-9 (Implication dans le remodelage ventriculaire)

NANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocSudocFranceF

Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate towards a smooth muscle phenotype for applications in vascular engineering

International audienc

Development and characterization of biomembranes combining chitosan and natural-nanoliposomes for tissue engineering applications

International audienc

Diversity and heterogeneity of extracellular RNA in human plasma

International audienc

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: the new gold standard for mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies?

International audienceAbstractDue to their self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation potential, paracrine effects, and immunosuppressive properties, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive and promising tool for regenerative medicine. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues but despite their common immunophenotypic characteristics and functional properties, source-dependent differences in MSCs properties have recently emerged and lead to different clinical applications. Considered for a long time as a medical waste, umbilical cord appears these days as a promising source of MSCs. Several reports have shown that umbilical cord-derived MSCs are more primitive, proliferative, and immunosuppressive than their adult counterparts. In this review, we aim at synthesizing the differences between umbilical cord MSCs and MSCs from other sources (bone marrow, adipose tissue, periodontal ligament, dental pulp,…) with regard to their proliferation capacity, proteic and transcriptomic profiles, and their secretome involved in their regenerative, homing, and immunomodulatory capacities. Although umbilical cord MSCs are until now not particularly used as an MSC source in clinical practice, accumulating evidence shows that they may have a therapeutic advantage to treat several diseases, especially autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases