Knowledge Domains, Technological Strategies and Open Innovation

This study provides a patent-based framework, investigating the relationship among the relevance of the technological domains, the exploitation vs. exploration strategies and the choice of open innovation practices. Specifically, this work presents five levels of open innovation adoption and analyses the reason why firms open up their innovation boundaries. The methodology is tested on a sample of 240 companies belonging to the bio-pharmaceutical and the technology hardware & equipment industries, by examining their patents filed in 2011. Results show that the relevance of the knowledge domain affects the choice of the innovation strategy; also, non-equity alliances are preferred in explorative activities and equity alliances in exploitative ones

Business Models for Open Innovation: From Collaboration to Incorporation

n/

Investments and Divestments of Intangibles in an Open Innovation Context

n/

Patent data analysis of innovation behaviours in technology hardware & equipment industry

n/

Cellular Interaction of Human Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1A Isoforms

Besides its canonical role in protein synthesis, the eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) is also involved in many other cellular processes such as cell survival and apoptosis. We showed that eEF1A phosphorylation by C-Raf in vitro occurred only in the presence of eEF1A1 and eEF1A2, thus suggesting that both isoforms interacted in cancer cells (heterodimer formation). This hypothesis was recently investigated in COS-7 cells where fluorescent recombinant eEF1A isoforms colocalized at the level of cytoplasm with a FRET signal more intense at plasma membrane level. Here, we addressed our attention in highlighting and confirming this interaction in a different cell line, HEK 293, normally expressing eEF1A1 but lacking the eEF1A2 isoform. To this end, His-tagged eEF1A2 was expressed in HEK 293 cells and found to colocalize with endogenous eEF1A1 in the cytoplasm, also at the level of cellular membranes. Moreover, FRET analysis showed, in this case, the appearance of a stronger signal mainly at the level of the plasma membrane. These results confirmed what was previously observed in COS-7 cells and strongly reinforced the interaction among eEF1A isoforms. Moreover, the formation of eEF1A heterodimer in cancer cells could also be important for cytoskeleton rearrangements rather than for phosphorylation, most likely occurring during cell survival and apoptosis

Causes and risk factors for late kidney graft failure, a single centre experience in Uruguay

Emilia Altamiramo: Estudiante de Medicina, Ciclo de Metodología Científica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay. La contribución en la realización del trabajo fue equivalente a la de los demás estudiantes.-- Fiorella Correa: Estudiante de Medicina, Ciclo de Metodología Científica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay. La contribución en la realización del trabajo fue equivalente a la de los demás estudiantes.-- Lucía Lamberti: Estudiante de Medicina, Ciclo de Metodología Científica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay. La contribución en la realización del trabajo fue equivalente a la de los demás estudiantes.-- Agustina Montandon: Estudiante de Medicina, Ciclo de Metodología Científica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay. La contribución en la realización del trabajo fue equivalente a la de los demás estudiantes.-- Antonella Tavani: Estudiante de Medicina, Ciclo de Metodología Científica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay. La contribución en la realización del trabajo fue equivalente a la de los demás estudiantes.-- Rocío Ubilla: Estudiante de Medicina, Ciclo de Metodología Científica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay. La contribución en la realización del trabajo fue equivalente a la de los demás estudiantes .-- Gabriela Garau: Colaborador Métodos Cuantitativos Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.-- Rossana Astesiano: Colaborador Centro de Nefrología Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.-- José Santiago: Colaborador Centro de Nefrología Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.-- Oscar Noboa: Colaborador Centro de Nefrología Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.-- Gabriela Lopez: Colaborador Centro de Nefrología Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.-- Marcelo Nin: Docente supervisor. Centro de Nefrología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.-- Mariana Seija: Docente supervisor. Centro de Nefrología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. Docente supervisor Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínica Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.-- Contacto: [email protected] fracaso tardío del trasplante renal continúa siendo un importante problema, siendo el rechazo la principal causa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las causas de fracaso tardío luego del primer mes de los trasplantes y sus factores de riesgo. Métodos: estudio observacional, analítico de cohorte retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 248 pacientes con trasplante renal realizados en el Centro de Trasplante del Hospital de Clínicas entre el 1º 1/2/2000 y 30/4/ 2017. Se dividieron en 2 grupos para el análisis: pacientes con trasplante con fracaso tardío (n=63) y pacientes con trasplante renal activo funcionante (n=185). Resultados: La sobrevida de los injertos censurada por muerte fue de 80% a los 5 años. La causa más frecuente de fracaso fue el rechazo (68%). La forma histológica más frecuente fue el rechazo mediado por anticuerpos en forma aislada o mixto (71%). Los pacientes con fracaso tardío presentaron mayor porcentaje de no adherencia al tratamiento (46% vs 17%) y mayor proporción de determinaciones de Tacrolimus en sangre <5ng/dl en los primeros tres años del TR. En el análisis multivariado, se identificaron como principales factores de riesgo para el fracaso del injerto: la no adherencia al tratamiento, el donante criterio expandido y el rechazo tardío (OR: 4,3/5,3/2,457, respectivamente). Conclusiones: el rechazo mediado por anticuerpos fue la causa más frecuente de fracaso tardío y los principales factores de riesgo fueron la no adherencia al tratamiento inmunosupresor, el donante criterio expandido y los episodios de rechazo luego del mes 3.Late kidney graft failure remains as an important health problem. Antibody mediated rejection is the main cause. The objective of this work was to analyze the causes and risk factors of late kidney graft failure. Methods: An observational, analytical retrospective cohort study was conducted. There were included 248 renal transplants performed in the Transplant Centre of Hospital de Clínicas between January 1sth, 2000 and April 30th, 2017. Two groups were considered for the analysis: patients with Late kidney graft failure (n = 63) and patients with functioning kidney graft (n = 185). Results: Death-censored graft survival was 80% at 5 years. The main cause of graft failure was rejection in 68% of patients. Antibody mediated rejection alone or in combination with cellular rejection was the most common histological phenotype (71%). Non-adherence to treatment was higher in Late kidney graft failure group (46% vs 17%). Tacrolimus though levels below 5 ng /ml were more frequent in Late kidney graft failure group. In the multivariate analysis, the main risk factors for graft failure were: non-adherence to treatment, expanded criteria donor and late rejection (OR: 4.3 / 5.3 / 2.457, respectively). Conclusion: antibody mediated rejection was the main cause of late kidney graft failure. Risk factors for kidney allograft failure identified were late rejection, non-adherence to treatment and expanded criteria donor

Acute Delta Hepatitis in Italy spanning three decades (1991–2019): Evidence for the effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccination campaign

Updated incidence data of acute Delta virus hepatitis (HDV) are lacking worldwide. Our aim was to evaluate incidence of and risk factors for acute HDV in Italy after the introduction of the compulsory vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 1991. Data were obtained from the National Surveillance System of acute viral hepatitis (SEIEVA). Independent predictors of HDV were assessed by logistic-regression analysis. The incidence of acute HDV per 1-million population declined from 3.2 cases in 1987 to 0.04 in 2019, parallel to that of acute HBV per 100,000 from 10.0 to 0.39 cases during the same period. The median age of cases increased from 27 years in the decade 1991-1999 to 44 years in the decade 2010-2019 (p &lt; .001). Over the same period, the male/female ratio decreased from 3.8 to 2.1, the proportion of coinfections increased from 55% to 75% (p = .003) and that of HBsAg positive acute hepatitis tested for by IgM anti-HDV linearly decreased from 50.1% to 34.1% (p &lt; .001). People born abroad accounted for 24.6% of cases in 2004-2010 and 32.1% in 2011-2019. In the period 2010-2019, risky sexual behaviour (O.R. 4.2; 95%CI: 1.4-12.8) was the sole independent predictor of acute HDV; conversely intravenous drug use was no longer associated (O.R. 1.25; 95%CI: 0.15-10.22) with this. In conclusion, HBV vaccination was an effective measure to control acute HDV. Intravenous drug use is no longer an efficient mode of HDV spread. Testing for IgM-anti HDV is a grey area requiring alert. Acute HDV in foreigners should be monitored in the years to come

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic