Urgenda Foundation v. State of the Netherlands (2015) and Associated Policy Impacts

Climate change is a global issue that calls for global responses. It is also crucial to address regionally, according to each state’s best ability, and respond to regionally-felt impacts. Often, this regional change must begin with individual and community action. The Urgenda Foundation v. State of the Netherlands case is a crucial example of how individual interests and community actions can create regional change and result in global change through concentrated effort. The Urgenda Foundation was created to promote national shifts toward sustainable societies. It facilitates the integration of individuals’ sustainable interests into community action. As the first legal success against the national government within climate policy, the case is a prime example of what these community actions can fulfill for the good of these individuals, communities, and global actors threatened by the impacts of climate change. Additionally, the case highlights significant limitations of litigation’s role in climate activism

Mesure de la charge topologique d'un faisceau twisté à l'aide d'une roue ajourée

National audienceNous présentons une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer la charge topologique d'un faisceau twisté. Nous utilisons une roue percée de trous sur sa périphérie et régulièrement espacés. La forme de la figure de diffraction, liée au nombre de trous, permet d'identifier l'ordre du faisceau. Cette technique est bien adaptée pour mesurer des charges topologiques élevées

L'accès au médicament dans la banlieue de Dakar

Le projet Pikine est basé sur le principe des Soins de Santé Primaires et comprend une triple participation de la population : à la gestion, par l'intermédiaire des Comités de Santé; à l'élaboration et au suivi des stratégies de développement à un niveau départemental; enfin, participation financière grâce au paiement par le malade de la consultation à un prix modique. Théoriquement, cette participation financière doit assurer l'approvisionnement en médicaments du Projet et permettre de distribuer le traitement au patient. Ce travail vise à mesurer la réalité de cet accès aux soins. (Résumé d'auteur

How Does the Main Infective Stage of <em>T. cruzi</em> Enter and Avoid Degradation in Host Cells? A Description of the Pathways and Organelles Involved on These Processes

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is an intracellular parasite that targets specific proteins of the host cell resulting in the generation of a unique parasitophorous vacuole (PV). As an intracellular parasite, T. cruzi interacts with cells from the mammalian host. Here we review aspects related with the binding of the main infective developmental stage (trypomastigote) to the host cell and its recognition by surface-exposed ligands/receptors. This process involves numerous signaling pathways and culminates in the entry of the parasite and modifications in both cells. The invasion of trypomastigotes occurs through multiple endocytic process, assembly of the PV, interaction of this vacuole with the endolysosomal system, lysis of the PV membrane, and multiplication of amastigotes within the cell in direct contact with host cell organelles

Hemorrhagic myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: Echographic versus autopsy findings

We present a case of hemorrhagic myocardial infarction after early percutaneous coronary intervention which was suggested by cardiac echocardiography, and later confirmed by post- -mortem examination. (Cardiol J 2011; 18, 4: 448&#8211;449

Clackamas County - City of Milwaukie Urban Services Study: Financial Analysis

The provision of local government services within the urbanizing area of northwest Clackamas County has posed a difficult challenge for a number of years. This report examines the financial aspects of providing urban services to a study area with the following boundaries: the Clackamas County/Multnomah County line to the north, Interstate 205 to the east, highway 224 to the south, and the City of Milwaukie to the west

Brothers in war and peace: Constand and Abraham Viljoen and the birth of the New South Africa

No abstract available

Scientific Rationale and Requirements for a Global Seismic Network on Mars

Following a brief overview of the mission concepts for a Mars Global Network Mission as of the time of the workshop, we present the principal scientific objectives to be achieved by a Mars seismic network. We review the lessons for extraterrestrial seismology gained from experience to date on the Moon and on Mars. An important unknown on Mars is the expected rate of seismicity, but theoretical expectations and extrapolation from lunar experience both support the view that seismicity rates, wave propagation characteristics, and signal-to-noise ratios are favorable to the collection of a scientifically rich dataset during the multiyear operation of a global seismic experiment. We discuss how particular types of seismic waves will provide the most useful information to address each of the scientific objectives, and this discussion provides the basis for a strategy for station siting. Finally, we define the necessary technical requirements for the seismic stations