205 research outputs found

    Assessing, demonstrating and capturing the economic value of marine & coastal ecosystem services in the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem

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    The objective of the study was to assess the economic value of ecosystem services in the Bay of Bengal.The manin aim was to support the development of a Strategic Action Plan (SAP). Findings included: economic consequences of ecosystem change; potential economic instruments to strengthen sustainable management; and recommendations on next steps in using economic valuation

    Static pile composting of dairy waste solids for use as animal bedding

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    A series of thirteen (13) static compost piles were constructed during the period of June, 1985 to March, 1986 at the University of Tennessee Dairy Experiment Station near Lewisburg, Tennessee. The study was performed to investigate the relationship among various compost process parameters (e.g., method of aeration, pile size, and time) and the moisture content and coliform bacteria population in composted dairy waste intended for use as bedding in free stalls. Both natural and forced aeration methods were employed to supply oxygen to the piles of manure solids. The natural aeration method consisted of nothing more than aging the manure solids in an unconfined pile. The forced aeration method employed a fan to force air into a perforated plenum located underneath the compost pile. The forced aeration system was controlled by either a cycle time switch or a temperature set point controller sensing pile temperature. Temperatures of the compost mass were monitored daily at three (3) levels within each pile. Samples from three (3) levels were analyzed for moisture content and total coliform bacteria populations on a weekly basis. A heterotrophic plate count - spread plate method was used to enumerate the total coliform bacteria. Results of the temperature study suggest that the fan had an impact on the composting process such that the piles with the fan reached a higher internal temperature than the piles without the fan. Further, the time to reach maximum temperature was lower for the piles with the fan than for the piles without the fan. However, piles without the fan were able to achieve temperatures generally considered adequate for good composting. The compost piles of dairy waste solids dried very slowly. There were no differences in drying rates between the two (2) aeration methods or between the two (2) pile sizes. No consistent trends or patterns were demonstrated by the total conform populations through time with regard to treatment or level within the pile. Observations suggest that in many piles the population first declined but started rebuilding at some later point during the process. It was anticipated that the total coliform population would decline as the temperature in the pile exceeded their normal living conditions. However, even after several weeks of temperatures above 60°C, total coliform populations of a magnitude similar to those at time zero were found in many samples

    The classification of irreducible admissible mod p representations of a p-adic GL_n

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    Let F be a finite extension of Q_p. Using the mod p Satake transform, we define what it means for an irreducible admissible smooth representation of an F-split p-adic reductive group over \bar F_p to be supersingular. We then give the classification of irreducible admissible smooth GL_n(F)-representations over \bar F_p in terms of supersingular representations. As a consequence we deduce that supersingular is the same as supercuspidal. These results generalise the work of Barthel-Livne for n = 2. For general split reductive groups we obtain similar results under stronger hypotheses.Comment: 55 pages, to appear in Inventiones Mathematica

    Three dimensional hysdrodynamic lattice-gas simulations of binary immiscible and ternary amphiphilic flow through porous media

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    We report the results of a study of multiphase flow in porous media. A Darcy's law for steady multiphase flow was investigated for both binary and ternary amphiphilic flow. Linear flux-forcing relationships satisfying Onsager reciprocity were shown to be a good approximation of the simulation data. The dependence of the relative permeability coefficients on water saturation was investigated and showed good qualitative agreement with experimental data. Non-steady state invasion flows were investigated, with particular interest in the asymptotic residual oil saturation. The addition of surfactant to the invasive fluid was shown to significantly reduce the residual oil saturation.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev.

    From local watershed management to integrated river basin management at national and transboundary levels

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    Watersheds face a range of degradation challenges associated with human activities, such as pollution, deforestation and changes in sediment generation. The way they are managed has a profound cascading effect on natural resources and communities in the wider basin. Although watersheds play a critical role as the basic hydrological unit within a river basin they are often neglected in river basin management. Over the past decade, principles and practices have evolved to ensure that integrated water resources management (IWRM) approaches used at the broader basin level to address sustainable development and management of land and water resources also apply at the smaller watershed level. This technical report is a synthesis of the knowledge, lessons learned and good practices presented and discussed at the International Conference on Watershed Management held in Chiang Mai, Thailand 9-11 March 2011

    Lattice Boltzmann simulations of lamellar and droplet phases

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    Lattice Boltzmann simulations are used to investigate spinodal decomposition in a two-dimensional binary fluid with equilibrium lamellar and droplet phases. We emphasise the importance of hydrodynamic flow to the phase separation kinetics. For mixtures slightly asymmetric in composition the fluid phase separates into bulk and lamellar phases with the lamellae forming distinctive spiral structures to minimise their elastic energy.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figure

    Modular symbols in Iwasawa theory

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    This survey paper is focused on a connection between the geometry of GLd\mathrm{GL}_d and the arithmetic of GLd−1\mathrm{GL}_{d-1} over global fields, for integers d≥2d \ge 2. For d=2d = 2 over Q\mathbb{Q}, there is an explicit conjecture of the third author relating the geometry of modular curves and the arithmetic of cyclotomic fields, and it is proven in many instances by the work of the first two authors. The paper is divided into three parts: in the first, we explain the conjecture of the third author and the main result of the first two authors on it. In the second, we explain an analogous conjecture and result for d=2d = 2 over Fq(t)\mathbb{F}_q(t). In the third, we pose questions for general dd over the rationals, imaginary quadratic fields, and global function fields.Comment: 43 page
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